on the 16th of march, 1864, ailing badly from liver and kidney disease, owen lovejoy died in brooklyn heights, new york. when portrait artist francis carpenter informed lincoln and the white house of lovejoy's death, the president responded, "lovejoy was the best friend i had in congress." thank you. we have time for a few questions. i hope it will not be like english class when no one raises their hand. yes? >> i'm curious if you could talk about underground railroad routes. there was no central coordinator in cincinnati, explaining how to go. was this just by happenstance those routes were followed? >> well, the answer to that question is, sometimes these underground railroad activities were fairly well-coordinated. many of these people in a certain region of a state were familiar with each other. as anti-slavery societies and state anti-slavery organizations started to form across the north these organizations would meet periodically at least once a year, and that would give people the opportunity, people who were anti-slavery, to meet one another, become familiar with one another, and not