nazi-occupied poland. dershowitz: my grandfather louie was a lovely man. he was an all-american guy, wore a straw hat, liked the brooklynd liked being an american. gates: louie dershowitz was nine years old when he arrived in this country in 1891 and settled with his family in the williamsburg section of brooklyn. the seeds of the bustling orthodox jewish community were being sewn there, and the dershowitz men would eventually establish the neighborhood's first shtiebel, a small orthodox community synagogue in the basement of their 10th street home. dershowitz: this was a synagogue without a rabbi. this was a family synagogue, and the cantor was my grandfather. the lay leader was my great-grandfather. gates: decades later, this synagogue would play a surprising role in alan's family history. adolf hitler: sieg heil! gates: the nazi menace was growing throughout europe. [whistle blows] jews, desperate to escape, were fleeing in great numbers. in response, the united states resorted to immigration quotas and other onerous visa restrictions to control the flow of jewish refugees. in 1939, the roosevelt administration turne