in the absence of any meaningful justification for the court's actions in gattis and brork, that puts practitioners and judges alike in a difficult situation, and i don't think many of us would jump to the defense of what you just described in gattis and ellerbrock. it's inexplicable to this practitioner. >> i can't speak to gattis, because i haven't read that case, but i can speak to ellerbrock, and i just find myself -- perplexing isn't the word i would use. i think it violates the understanding of the statute. here we are. federal rules of evidence was in '76. here we are, almost 40 years later, and, you know, the same cultural prejudices are affecting the courts' decisions here, and particularly if you take the gattis decision that anything that's favorable to the defendant has to come in as a constitutional matter, well, smear is favorable to the defendant. it totally guts 412, if that's the concurrence and if that's what the military judges are going to follow. what is left of 412? >> there are those who make the country argument. but i would point out, in ellerbrok, that the ju