amount of gray matter in the never institutionalized -- these are children who grew up in families in bucharestromania. if you look at the children on the far left, it is dramatically reduced. they show less gray matter as do the kids in foster care. what this is showing us is the brain has much less gray matter why the function of being in an institution. we show the same reduction and white matter. what is scary about this is that it's -- we know there is a smaller brain as a function of being an institution. guest: this is so important because before chuck did these studies, people knew deprivation and a lack of parental interaction was bad for the cognitive development of children. we did not know the degree to which it affected the brain directly. this is the first evidence that shows dramatic changes in the brain. charlie: what to be different if there were some kind of activities with these kids -- much more collegiality from outside? guest: in a moment, we will talk about what happens when you put kids in families. your question is can you improve an institution? guest: and does it have

these are the children who grew up in families in bucharest romania. you look at the children institutionalized on the far left it's dramatically reduced. they show lesgray matter as do kids we put in foster care and i'll come back to that. this is showing us the brain has much lesgray matter by a function of being in institution. we show the same reduction in white matter, the communication pathway. what's scary about this is it is almost suggesting we know there is a smaller brain as a function of being in an institution -- >> the reason this is so important is because before chuck did these studies people knew that deprivation, or lack of parental interaction was bad for the cognitive development of the which were. one didn't know to what degree it affect the brain directly. one thought this was likely to be the case but this was the first it evidence that showed dramatic changes occurring in the brain. >> rose: would it be different if somehow there were some kind of activity with these kids in institutions. in other words, there was much more coll