even if we applied all of the bureau's resources to enforcement, the broker not -- the bureau still could not investigate every potential violation, file a suit against every bad actor, or w make every harmed consumer whole. for that reason, it is about utilizing resources most effectively to focus on the right cases to reinforce clear rules of the road in prevent harm by making sure that bad actors know they will be held to account. public decisive action against wrongdoers sends a clear message to the market place that should deter unlawful behavior and support a level playing field. all while reaching a just outcome for those harmed consumers in those particular actions. enforcement is a more deliberate tool in the toolkit. it may take months or years to investigate and identify violations, develop a reliable evidence, build a case, and reach a resolution through a settlement or litigation. i hope that the emphasis on prevention will mean we need our enforcement tool less often, but when we do discover violations, enforcement is essential to hold wrongdoers to account, make things righ

financial protection bureau. after the debate and discussion, looking at a commission and the single person writing it, looking at other government agencies to carry out broad responsibilities like the consumer protection bureau emma general of theey united states and the secretaries and agencies of the u.s. government, i see no problem with one person doing it and certainly, in each of these cases with my conversations with kraninger and rich cordray, there is usually a group of people around that are part of the agency that can participate in the process of helping them make the right decision. but there is one person who will be held accountable for how those decisions are made, and that person will be the director. talked: we have also about the ability to adapt and respond to things with a single director, and i think that is what makes it possible for --ninger to follow up on with those practices as well. speaking of directors, i would be curious to get the panel's thoughts on what has jumped out at you as

if you read through the key differences, with the bureau staff telling, there's no question the bureau staff preferred not to have the question what they were telling the secretary was that they couldn't tell which model would be more less accurate. the to give specific information. they told him if he actually asked the question for 22.2 billion people for whom no administrative records, he would have got actual answers at 90% accuracy in the alternative was to use a statistical model to estimate citizenship, not for the 22,000,035,000,000 but they had not yet constructed that model and didn't know what the error rate in the model would be. >> i think, 90% sounds high. i think it's kind of irrelevant, too. the question is whether if you use the model, it would be greater than 98%. because then, secretary would have no basis for saying you should here's the question rather than the model. as for that, i think my colleagues are suggesting, there's a bottom line conclusion from the census bureau. the bottom line conclusion is that alternatives, the proposal that the secretary eventually

the bureau is still evolving its use of administrative records, and the bureau does not yet have complete administrative records data set for the entire population. and that points out why he preferred asking the question and getting actual answers from 22.2 million people at 98 percent accuracy, because you simply didn't have administrative records for 35 million people, and the bureau had not yet figured out how to do that estimation. he then goes on to say on that same page, more than 10 percent of the american population, some 25 million voting-age people, would need to have their citizen age imputed by the census bureau. and so he was making clear that he'd rather go with actual counting than imputation. and he pointed out that by proceeding with his preferred course -- this is at page 556a of the petitioners' appendix -- this may eliminate the need for the census bureau to have to impute an answer for millions of people, specifically about 22.2 million people for whom the bureau told him he would get actual answers at 98% actual accuracy. justice kagan: if i may say, general, when y

census bureau. we are also on twitter and instagram at u.s. census bureau. i encourage to you sign up for emails and to stay tuned. and updated with us, the public information oef .pio census.gov. one other thing if you can dmulg me i would mention the media surrender day for the 2020 census advertising campaign is in week in new york, april 3rd. can you find more information about that at 2020 census.gov. i want to thank you all for being here. if you're with the media, we invite you to stay behind for a quick media availability. but again i'd like to thank the partners that showed up today, on the stage, in the audience and via the webcast. we thank everybody. and we hope that you shape your future, start here with the 2020 census. [ applause ] >>> we're going to ask in regards to time, if you speak into the mic, name, afilling fillings give you one question, one follow up in the interest of time. okay. no -- right here. she had -- right here. >> okay thank you. lauren with reuters. i'm opening up with the most newsy question which if you have any reaction

financial protection bureau. after the debate and discussion, looking at a commission and the single person writing it, looking at other government agencies to carry out broad responsibilities like the consumer protection bureau emma -- from the attorney general of the united states and the secretaries and agencies of the u.s. government, i see no problem with one person doing it and certainly, in each of these cases with my conversations with kraninger and rich cordray, there is usually a group of people around that are part of the agency that can participate in the process of helping them make the right decision. but there is one person who will be held accountable for how those decisions are made, and that person will be the director. ms. jun: we have also talked about the ability to adapt and respond to things with a single director, and i think that is what makes it possible for kraninger to follow up on -- with those practicess pete: speaking of directors, i would be curious to get the panel's thoughts on w

census bureau we are also on twitter, instagram at u.s. census bureau.i encourage you to sign up for e-mails and to stay tuned and updated rather with us at the public information at the census.gov. one other thing, our media vendor day for the 2020 census advertising campaign is this week in new york april 3. you can find more information at 2020 census.gov. i want to thank you all for being here and if you're the media we invite you to stay behind for cret quick media availability but again i like to think the partners assured of today, on the stage, and the audience via the webcast. we think everybody and we hope you shake your future and start here with 2020 census. [applause] >> we will ask in regards to time if you speak into the mic, name affiliation, one question and one follow-up every time. >> thank you, i am going to open up with the most question which is if you had any reaction to president trump's tweet about the census this morning? >> today we are very focused and were focused on making sure we have the complete and accurate count and i t

caller: i am a former employee of the census bureau. i do not speak for the bureau. keep in mind that the citizenship question has been on without censuses challenge. there is a precedent. the government has the right and the power to know how many citizens live in this nation. that is a no-brainer. adding the citizenship question may discourage some people from answering the census. that being the case, that may lead to a slight undercount, but that is the risk. the people not answering have a reason. they are illegal and they do not want to be picked up. the senses is required to count the number of persons, regardless of citizenship status. therefore, states eminence apologies -- and minutes municipalitiesd should be encouraging to fill out the form. the information on the form is confidential including law enforcement, including the fbi, all of the information goes into magnetic bubble memory and is buried in a nuclear bomb proof vault in kansas for 71 years. if a person thinks they will answer they are not a citizen and law-enforcement will find out, that is fal

so, that's what we would like to see from the bureau. i hope it's looked at as more than simply just an innovative product, to rick's., there is a lot of outdated laws that we just need some thoughts on an disclosure. on the innovative side i would like everyone to read the philadelphia fed report on the matting case last fall. the fact that marketplace lenders went out bankruptcies rose 8%. as these people who really need that access to credit. and can hopefully be able to have access to these products to further their financial. >> innovation needs to be looked at carefully. this idea that regulations, is it a new product is because -- there's a mobile banks, there's good things that have come with technology, but also is there any unintended consequences? companies can mean well but innovation needs to be looked at more carefully and not less carefully. there needs to be reporting and public input. all stakeholders with the need to know what's going on to take a look at that. there needs to be more oversight and not less as we talk ab

the professionals of the census bureau have said so far. what five former heads of the census bureau both republican and democrats have said. it's based on the merits definitely. we will win this case. >> it's -- the point is the enumerations clause speaks to the count of every individual, not just americans, not just citizens. everyone. there are a significant number of undocumented individuals who contribute greatly to the economy and they have a right to be represented. thank you all. >> thank you, new york. [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2015] >> [indiscernible] >> we heard just a short time ago some of the officials and lawyers in the supreme court case on the citizenship question. they are excited to rule on the case at the end of the court's june. the chair of the white house counselor of economic advisors larry kudlow will

that's what they would like to see in the bureau. to the point that there is a lot of outdated laws, that we need thoughts on her disclosure. on the innovative side, i would like everyone to read the philadelphia fed report from last fall. the marketplace lenders saw an 8% rise in bankruptcy. these people need access to credit, and it furthers the financial wellness. it needs to be looked at very carefully. the idea of regulations. a new product because it's the new app. there's a lot of good things that came with technology. but is there any unintended consequences. we do not know. innovation needs to be looked at more carefully, there needs to be reporting in public input. stakeholders will need a chance to know what is going on and take a look at that. it needs to be more oversight and not less as we talk about the regulatory frame work moving forward. >> i think we have time for some audience questions if anyone has anything? >> hello. my name is caroline. i am a licensed bilingual social worker that have come all the way from bo

abowd, the chief scientist of the census bureau. rep. norton: the information we have is that that quote is taken entirely out of context. the memo also says that adding the citizenship question is very costly, harms the quality of the census count, and would use substantially less accurate citizenship status data than are available from administrative records. rep. cummings: gentlelady's time has expired. you may respond, though. sec. ross: i have nothing to say, sir. rep. cummings: ms. foxx. rep. foxx: secretary ross, thank you for being here today. we appreciate it. i think we have heard enough. the question is not new, we have heard it before. i have been interested in this issue since the last decennial census in 2010. in 2009, i introduced a question for citizenship to be added. if congress had enacted my bill, you wouldn't be put in a position to reinstate the citizenship question. it would already be part of the census. we are in the midst of a national debate on immigration. there are millions of people who live in this country

have said so far, what five former heads of the census bureau, republican and democrat, have said. if it is based on the merits, definitely we will win. ms. james: i think the point is that the enumeration clause speaks to the counts of every individual and not just americans, not just citizens. it is everyone. and the bottom line is there are a significant number of undocumented individuals who contribute greatly to the united states of america and have a right to be represented. thank you all. rep. maloney: thank you, new york. us on the phone is robert barnes, supreme court reporter with the washington post. reporter with the washington post. mr. barnes, one of the legal what are the legal issues in this case? >> there are a couple.

you had a bureau and then you didn't and now you have a bureau. it's like public education frankly. i know we try different things on the school board and find it doesn't work. you mentioned there's a report about the foot patrols and we can request that report. >> we can get you a copy. >> commissioner: i have a list for the next hearing and one is that report. the other is the violate crime stats by number not just percentages. i think also how many traffic citations by number that are focussed on the big five and vision zero goals. not just the percentage but the number of citations and not so much the number of citations given because some aren't on the five. how many specifically the number of traffic citations focussed on the big five. also the number of collisions you have responded to and i think supervisor mandelman asked about some information about larceny and which areas or types of larceny are we seeing and some stats around that. thank you. i want to ask do you have a reserve in your budget? >> a reserve? no. >> commissioner: you don't have a reserve you can pull from?

what five former heads of the census bureau have said. if it's based on merit, definitely. we will win this case. >> the enumeration clause speaks to the count of every individual. not just americans, not just citizens. everyone. there's a significant number of undocumented individuals who contribute greatly to the economy of the united states of america. they have a right to be represented at -- represented. thank you all. >> thank you, new york. [inaudible] >> the supreme court will release the oral argument for onartment of commerce friday. we will eric for you at 8:00 eastern here on c-span. the complete guide to congress is now available. it has lots of details about the house and senate for the current session of congress. contacted by a information about every senator and representative. plus information about congressional committees. state governors in the cabinet. the 2019 congressional directory is a spiral-bound guide. order your copy from the c-span online store for $18.95. , a look at thext impact environmental issues will have on the 2020 presidential electio

so what will it do this new bureau? importantly, it will provide us a more comprehensive and effective way of looking at prevention and advancing it. this new bureau will be a stronger partner for our field missions to support them. we have been rethinking our approach and definition and we realized it comes down to building local capacity, holding the capacity among governance, governments and communities to prevent and address the challenges of violent extremism. so having a dedicated bureau on conflict prevention and stabilization will enable us to improve our ability to build out -- build local capacity. we will also be able to more effectively match natural resources policy objectives, and importantly, more effective learning. so that we can use data better to design impact on into our programs. finally, it will enable us to be a more effective interagency partner. we recognize and agree with the recommendation for an interagency architecture of prevention and we are keen to engage in that. the interagency needs a

an undercount will result in faulty data the census bureau might not be able to correct for the 2030 census. there are potentially eligible voters that won't be counted and won't be represented for 10 years till the next census. caller: i'm not following what you're saying because i understand there's a 10 year lag between when the census occurs but if somebody is here and they are not a citizen, they should not be voting. so if they check off that they are not a citizen, than when it comes to apportionment representatives, that would not be factored into the representative. host: i hear what you are saying. happens ifng what they are not legal at the time of the census but then they become legal citizens before the next census? caller: that's the reality of life. and 10 years is relatively a short period of time in the grand scheme of things. host: elaine in washington, you say no. go ahead. caller: absolutely not. there is no real reason to try and identify who is the noncitizens. what we need to know is the number of people by location, demographically with respect to apportionmen

the estimates even from the census bureau is that it could be an undercount of as much as 6.5 million people. which is larger than many states. throw all sorts of things off that it could even affect the re-portioning of congressional seats to the states. could mean that some metro areas are not seen as large as they really are. billions of dollars of federal aid is distributed because of where people live and if we don't have an accurate picture of where people live that will be done in the correct way. do you have an idea of how the justices might rule? is there precedent? guest: there is not really precedent. has been asked before in previous census forms, it is always asks of a subset of people, but it has not been part of the short form since 1950. we have gone a long time without asking the citizenship question. the court sometimes is quite deferential to the , to letting those that have the power make the decisions and reluctant to get involved. be a very will interesting oral argument today because we don't really know. is only thing we do know when the challengers to this dec

to what extent has the bureau been damaged by this, if it has? how would you assess the impact on the bureau? >> so this is a topic near and dear to my heart. i would tell you that rumors about damage to our morale or brand or anything else are grievously overstated. i say that now with the perspective to having been to all 56 field offices and met with and when i say met with, i mean have a conversation with something like 3 or 4,000 of our partners. the feedback i get from our partners is that the bureau has never been stronger and better. the feedback i get from our employees, is that they're inspired. we're not focused on the rhetoric. we're focused on the work. we're focused on who we do the work with and who we do the work for. and i look at examples like the woman in our miami office who had 12 stitches in her face from a bad accident. next morning, back at it. i look at the guy the s. agent in chicago who got shot up in his arm by a fugitive from an ak-47, and not only survived, but retrained himself to shoot left-handed and then requalif

bureau of reclamation. she was confirmed to the position in 2017. the bureau of reclamation established in 1902 is best known for constructing the dams, power plants and canals in 17 western states. >> good morning everyone. if you can take your seats we are going to get started. this is the subcommittee on water oceans and wildlife and we will come to order. the meeting today will hear testimony on the colorado river drought contingency plan. under committee role 4 f, any opel or statements will be limited to the chairman, ranking member, vice chair and vice ranking member. it allows us to hear from witnesses sooner and keeps members on schedule. i ask unanimous consent that all members opening statements be made part of the hearing record if they are submitted to the clerk by 5 pm today or the close of the hearing, whichever comes first. hearing no objection, it is so ordered. we also have a few members from the basin states who would like to join us on the dais for this hearing. i ask unanimous consent of the following members be allowed to sit o

there is a legal obligation but the census bureau has for decades opposed adding this question because the statisticians have done the research and discovered if you add it, we will get fewer people are responding to the census, and a less accurate census. let's not forget the administration's purpose is here. they want to publish block by block counts of citizens and noncitizens. well, you don't have to be a conspiracy theorist to be concerned that if that data is out there, it could pose a risk to you. we have seen at administration -- we have seen an administration that is picking court houses, schools, going to the doctor's office, a man driving his pregnant wife who is in labor to the hospital -- site is quite understandable that people would be concerned about that. i hope people will still fill out the census. but there is no real dispute about whether this question will wreck the census, because the government has admitted it. >> [reporters asking questions simultaneously] reporter: excuse me. going to have on businesses, not just big businesses but specifically on smaller busi

bureau to run it. >> i'm pretty sure i'm not the devil.read about me i encourage you to take with a grain of salt except about the fact of me keeping elizabeth warren up at night. >> warren who has publicly sparred with mulvaney blast him during an appearance before the senate banking committee. >> but in 2012 you voted in favor of a republican budget that called for eliminating the agency entirely. is that right? >> i don't have a specific recollection, but that sounds familiar to me. >> their war of words heats up as the committee hearing continues. >> you have taken obvious joy in talking about how the agency will help banks a hot more than it will help consumers. here is what you don't get. this isn't about me. >> as long as it is in business, that is something she will be outspoken about. >> we are here today to fight for the consumer financial protection bureau. >> this is her legacy. she thought it up, dreamed it up and there she birthed it. and now it's under ferocious attack. >> under the trump administration the embattled bureau

joining me, from the better business bureau. the golden gate better business bureau.scams, why does the bbb compile these? >> it is really consumers that file complaints that allow us to do the things that we do. to warn the public at large. both businesses and consumers of illicit scams propagating all over the u.s. >> they have a scam tracker. explain this. >> it started in 2015. the better business bureau launched our scam tracker which allows consumers as well as businesses report on bad business practices as well as scams that are being preyed upon them. >> you can see it has a light heat map. >> so what were the top scams in 2018? there were quite a few. the top ten off the top of my head is the employment scam. second, we have the online purchase scam. third, we have the fake check money order scam. oh, yes. and then we have the advance loan fee scam in addition to that, the home improvement scam. >> let's back up. let's go over these in a little more depth. let's talk about the employment scam. what is it and why is it so hurtful? >> it is hurtful in many ways

director, thank you for your work, the bureau's work. i know it's a tremendous task each one of you deal with every day. it's good to have a georgian with us as well. just following up on cyber, that's one of my main focuses and lanes i stay in and you noted it's a big part of your testimony as well that they face ever-increasing threats each and every day. so while you're working with the private sector, is it safe to say when you're investigating these cyber attacks that you're engaging the private sector and you are relying on them to cooperate with the investigation or to help gather information or to help with attribution that the private sector is involved in that way as well? director wray: yes. i think in the cyber arena, probably more than the other threat areas we contend with, the partnership that needs to exist and does exist between the f.b.i. and the private sector is incredibly important. the reality is that the most effective defense against cyber threats is prevention and increasingly mitigation, right? in other words, a

probably not but they are mobilized and create the counterterrorism bureau. when you look at the definition of what is prevention and sometimes find you come to a good definition but in the global -- in creating the global counterterrorism forum, that is the place where the communities, the private sector, and our governments and the ngo community can come together and at least talk about the best practices on how to de-radicalize. how are they addressing radicalization and mobilization? we have a long way to go, but there are very good examples, at least efforts to bring the international community together with technical operational levels but also at the government level, policymaker level to try to address this problem but it is a long-term problem and it manifests itself differently and different parts of the world. >> let's do another round with all of you, doctor natoli, i want to ask your reactions to what you have heard. where there points made here because you didn't have the benefit, you went first and the others after, what were your thoughts? som

we expanded the investigation's bureau and now we intelligence understand. and we have to staff it up and we have the infrastructure to address the issue. we still have processes we have to work

but, like any government agency, the census bureau needs funding to do its job. and it's not cheap. last census, in 2010, cost taxpayers $13 billion, with more than 500 field offices and 635,000 staffers nationwide. census watchers look now to the supreme court for a quick resolution, less than a year ous from the next . today's arguments are just the latest step in this long-running controversy. and here to cover this, from both angles, are our regular supreme court analyst, marcia coyle, of the "national lawjo nal." and, hansi lo wang. he's on the census beat for npr. welcome to both-of-you. you were both in the courtroom today. hansi, i'll start with you. this really is the end of a long controversy, is it not? >> yes, this is a legal battl that officially started more than a year ago after commerce secretary wilbur ross, who oversees the census bureau,t announced tha planned to add a citizenship question to the 2020 census. oodruff: remind us, hansi, what is it that experts at the census bureau themselves say the meaning of adding this question would be? what would the effect be

for example, the park service receives one-year money, other bureaus receive multiyear money. we have money that we are not obligated to spend. fee revenue can be spent right away. i'd be happy to walk you through each of those counts to show you what we did. but i made a decision during the shutdown we were going to put people to work. i didn't know how long this was going to take. i can tell you, i had employees that were calling our ethics office to see if they could sell their plasma. i made a decision to put folks to work that i could and that we had resources for. >> i know my time is out. i'll submit the rest of my questions for the record. thank you. >>> thank you. senator, daines, thank you, chair murkowski. you were before this committee last time pertaining to your nomination to be deputy secretary. we talked about the important role you had in balancing the multiple missions of the agency within the department. i very much appreciate the balance that you bring to this very important job. in montana, we say that's the balance between john denver and meryl haggard. y

detroit bureau chief david welsh.uick reminder, you can catch all of these interviews that you have seen with the function tv . from toronto and new york, this is bloomberg. ♪ the biggest week in television is back! xfinity watchathon week. now through april 14, enjoy free access to the best shows and movies from hbo, showtime, epix and more. what! so, you can get more into what you're into. whether it's more laughs, oops. epic escapes, or high-flying thrills, get more into what you're into. just say "watchathon" into your x1 voice remote, or download the xfinity stream app. xfinity watchathon week, free. now through april 14. >> i'm mark crumpton. the eu could hit nearly $12 billion worth of u.s. goods and retaliatory tariffs. there is a dispute over subsidies given to boeing that could -- lead to import duties on items from food to helicopters. this stance -- stems from disputes at the wto over market distorting support for aircraft maintenance. venezuela's intelligence police reportedly detained to central bank

i'll cut off the bureau access to its own data so it can't find problems.on the fines and restituti restituti restitution. even if we do go out of somebody, it's a gentle touch. >> what's the gain? who wins from this? it was created to protect people. how does anybody make the case for dismantling consumer protections in the face of big banks that have a remarkable history of being able to manipulate vulnerabilias a rulv? >> it's bound up in ideology of what governments should do and how disadvantaged consumers are. take payday lending. this is an inherently desicepti products. consumer don't know how much they will pay for the loans. they are predatory and should be sharply restricted. for the working poor this is one of the few ways they can get credit. we think they know what they are getting and are okay with the costs. it's not the government's job to tell them they shouldn't have these things. it's one part a factual dispute and the other a big dispute. >> i want to read back to you. according to one person who speaks with mulvaney often, his smooth s

president for the president's speech at the national rifle association's convention and as our capitol bureau reporter ashley zavala tells us the governor said to the president's favorite battleground twitter. >>to launch his attack. >>as president trump took the stage at the nra convention in indianapolis governor gavin newsome took to twitter to criticize him the president pledged his commitment to preserving gun rights and i'm a champion for the second amendment and so you it's not going anywhere. under assault. but not when we're here newsome fired off a round of tweets on gun violence statistics, intel 3 of the deadliest mass shootings in modern american history, like the 2017 las vegas shooting happened within the last 2 years the governor tweeted this is a crisis and rather than attempting to solve the issue our leaders are raising money for those who block common sense gun legislation,

that it obvious washington bureau chief alexander phenomena joins me now from the alexander nato secretary general against altenburg has been speaking to reporters what did he say. he was basically talking about the agenda for this meeting here and one huge topic here is russia and what has been described here as russia's aggressive behavior especially in the black sea and the ministers here are talking about the so-called black sea package measures including civilians and more nato ships in the black sea with the purpose of strengthening georgia and especially ukraine with the purpose of making sure that ukraine ships can travel safely in an area that is effectively controlled by russia the current strange has become sort of flashpoint between russia and the west and after russia ceased ukrainian ships there in november so that is one of the topics the foreign ministers are talking about here they also are talking about afghanistan the new training mission in iraq and of course burden sharing a little all in later foreign ministers will meet and shout is it would a celebration as near to

i will take a closer look at young stolberg speech with the doctor's washington bureau chief of . the capitol building welcome how did his words go down. i think they went down very well here in the joint session of congress he got a lot of applause and even standing ovations particularly when he talked about the role the past played in the alliance he called america a backbone of the alliance he said that we would not have a peaceful and prosperous europe we have today without the sec rafah is and the commitment of the united states but he also tried to convince the members of congress that this alliance is of course also very important for the u.s. and that's why he mentioned one eleven nine eleven because it was the first and the only time in that time that snape to invoked article five the article of. defense and that was his way of trying to collective defense i'm sorry that was his way of trying to convince the congress how important the alliance is for the you asked and we have to say that the speech writers of his address they seemed to be a plus on the american audience o

northern virginia bureau reporter david culver is live in the neighborhood this afternoon where detectives have spent much of this day. david, what do we know about this? >> well, pat, several hours into this investigation here wed are an detectives are still on scene. they've got the tape up here. it's aay breezy d down there, that's the focus, that row home. investigators going in and out continuing the on-scene investigation. as as far as the parents are concerned, police tell me late today they are in stableio cond as for their son, he is in custody. they were able to track him down thafrp thanks to a tip. a warm breeze along sweet peaur just along morning glory road. it is here police say morning terror played t. >> have you seen anything like this before? >> no, i have not. this is the first. >> reporter: maria berman lived in the community for 30 years, raised her kids here andid consers herself the neighborhood watch. >> i know who's coming and going, but this was truly a surprise. >> reporter: around 7:00 in the morning, police got the call. a double stabbing inside this

that shows what the census bureau uses to compare to the standard. the standard is the dash line going across and sure enough they intersect at 12.3% .3% in the official poverty rate for 2017, the last year for which it is available. however, if we count the missing income, it's only 4.3%, which is cut by more than a factor of three. the other piece of the poverty calculation looks at the thresholds. and the big concern here is the use of the cbi to escalate that, to increase it. there are a number of different kinds of biases listed which we could talk about them, but basically what it means is that from 1963-2017 the cpi you for the poverty threshold rose by 170%. only three of 65% was pure price increase. the remainder was an improvement in the standard of living that was being called for. so if we correct that and create new standards, new thresholds that are not biased by cpi, we get a table that looks like this. now we have a new unbiased set of thresholds, the purple dotted line at the bottom, and if we combine that with the improved income me