true national reconciliation among burma's various ethnic groups. further progress will take real compromise and real sacrifice from parties and interests within burma and it will need continued support from the international community, particularly the united states. i've known dasu for many years and know she remains committed to democracy, so i hope and expect that if she and her party are the victors, her government will seek much needed constitutional reforms to further limit the corrosive influence of the military and the crony networks over so much of the life in burma. we're talking about a nation that still reserves 25% of the seats in the parliament for the military itself. it would be an understatement to call that an obstacle toward an ongoing democratic transition. further progress towards democracy and prosperity in burma will have to include the ethnic minorities and making compromises with them. it will require ending the civil conflicts that rage across the country and accountability for atrocities committed by the military and not

including other minorities in burma you know. is not really a good. a good thing for not really important for international community because of the earth do you support hindu union election commission races commission and they're moving ahead including the u.s. u.k. and you and other countries this is really really disturbing you know so is depends on how much international community will pay attention one thing and secondly. is not only rohingya tight election when banning the routine yes the ethnic you know method the minorities will suffer much more because 1500000 people are. barred from election this is very important point when you look at as a whole election in burma so i think is deeper and. our new government. feel pressure from international law and funding issue in in a few share there is should be a condition that with out. you know this is not a kind of week we have we have we have seen a 2020 election in the free and fair at all. international community should focus on without any minority of schools and there is n

what about elephants in burma? i did not cover all of them, and this was mostly talking about the u.s. military use of animals, but elephants were also used as pack animals. in the book we also have a chapter we call "exotics, " because i use the example of my grandfather who grew up in west virginia probably had not been more than 50 miles away from the house he was born in and he went to guadal canal and saw lots of animals he had never seen before. elephants and water buffalo and things like that. there was a whole chapter that is mostly just pictures. would an animal be able to earn a medal? yes and no. they initially allowed animals to be awarded things like purple hearts and things. they took them away. it is a contentious story. there is a medal by a british society, and they offer medal to animals who have acted in brave ways. some of the pigeons i talk about earned that medal. what did demilitarization training look like for dogs? because part of what they were trained to do was be aggressive, they had to

they served in africa and italy, but formed the decisive backbone in the china-burma-india theater. this was one of the most geographically challenging in world war ii. mules proved themselves even more versatile than a jeep. the first famous pack unit were a really successful and self-sufficient military unit. self-sufficient because the cargo loads they supported in the field artillery battalion, they had traveling medical and veterinary units. it was really the ultimate proof of the animals's importance and a mechanized army, because the mobility of the mules and rough -- in rough terrain was more important than speed. if you follow the white line in the photograph, you can see how long the mule train is in the jungle. the task force was the second of2 long-range penetration units that fought behind japanese lines in burma. the job was to function behind the lines deep in the jungles of the mountains of southwest asia and protect and keep chinese supply routes going. the u.s. really wanted to continue to keep japanese forces occupied in china as much as they possibly could. from

this was the step made possible by dunkirk and stalingrad and normandy and the burma road and midwaynned for at casa blanca, cairo, moscow, tehran, dumbbarton oaks and yalta. delegates from 46 and later 50 nations were there. but there in spirit too were the victims of warsaw, coventry, shanghai. the hopes of the living and the dead were concentrated in the hands of the representatives meeting at san francisco. together they organized the huge problem ahead of them. the discussion and amendment of the proposals prepared at dumbarton oaks. each nation was represented on large commissions set up to work out the general provisions of the united nations charter and the actual structure of the general assembly, security council and judicial organization. these committees were divided into smaller working groups, 12 in all. chinese, english, russian, french and spanish were the standard means of exchange among many languages spoken. and in nine weeks the charter was ready to go before the participating governments for ratification. in the general assembly of the united nations organization

majority in burma's second democratic vote since the end of military rule.ahead of the vote, human rights watch denounced the election process and its exclusion of the persecuted rohingya community and other ethnic minorities. it also highlighted the criminal prosecution of government critics and unequal access to state media for all parties. suu kyi, a nobel peace laureate, has been condemned by rights groups for defending the burmese militaryfter they killed and raped thousands of rohingya and forced more than 700,000 to flee into neighboring bangladesh in a brutal crackdown in 2017. sunday's vote came as burma is seeing a new surge in covid-19 in bolivia, former president evo morales is expected to re-enter bolivia this morning following the inauguration of new president luis arce in la paz sunday. arce won the presidential election last month by a landslide, putting morales's mas party back in power one year after a right-wing coup ousted morales. arce served as the economy minister under morales. this is arce speaking at his inauguration. >> we assume t

in new york, the ambassador of burma is among those observing american citizens preparing to cast their ballot. the american voters in turn observe the burmese visitors with interest and with a feeling of kinship. the kinship felt by all people who have the right to choose the leaders of their government. on november 8, 1960, 67 million americans go to the polls to do exactly that, to choose those who will govern the country in their name. ♪ >> that same evening as the polls close in the eastern states, the whole country begins to await the results. the television networks have made elaborate preparations to broadcast the election returns as they come in from different parts of the country. the headquarters of the major television networks are equipped with entire batteries of tabulating machines and with electronic computers to forecast the trend of the election on the basis of early returns. at party headquarters, people gather for what they hope will be a victory celebration. huge tally boards post the returns as they come in minute by minute, hour by hour. from the very beginning it

much to gain from burma's democratization and we have much to lose if it slides back into authoritarianism or further into the grasp in orbit of china. as americans, mr. president, or political practice here at home can feel intense and we think our elections are charged and contentious but when you look at democracies that are just getting off the ground around the world you remember how blessed we are to live in a republic as we have for centuries inside the forces of democracy and freedom all around the world. we get to live in a country where our institutions of self-government have held up for more than 230 years, where the rule of law and our constitution are paramount. may we never take it for granted and may we continue to support those around the world who seek to emulate our example. >> now, mr. president, on generate 20 the biden harris administration will s begin its work with the mandate secured by the largest number of votes ever received by a presidential ticket in american history. its task, of course, will be daunting. the darkest days of the covid-19 pandemic are unfortun

new york, the ambassador burma is observing american citizens preparing to cast their ballot. . the american voters in terms observe the burmese visitors within tristan kinship. the kinship felt by all people who have the freedom to choose their own government. -- to choose those who would govern the country and their name. that same evening as the polls close in the eastern states, whole country begins to await the results. the television networks -- as they come in from the different parts of the country. the headquarters of the major television networks are equipped with entire -- and electronic computers -- at party headquarters, people gather for what they are hopefully will be a victory celebration. from the very beginning it becomes obvious, this is going to be a close election. after some early encouraging reports for nixon, it appears that kennedy is moving into the league. then comes the electrifying news that senator kennedy has won the state of connecticut by a larger plurality than expected. he now has eight electoral votes. 269 are needed to win the election. . his

because of these field hospitals, men are alive today who otherwise would have died in the doubles of burmas of normandy. each nurse was checked before takeoff and then watched over cautiously and checked again when the plane landed. ♪ narrator: while in the air, the flight nurse was in complete charge, ready to hand delivery emergency and doing everything a doctor would have to do except operate. air evacuation was difficult and required specialized skill and training. the flight nurse had to be prepared for the unexpected. for the next moment, it might have and often did happen. at the general hospital in the theater of operation, other skilled teams of nurses took over whether frontline hospitals left off. whether a hospital is under canvas, on the field, or in a solid structure in the city, its routine, like the nurse's routine, doesn't vary, and the aim remains fixed: to offer the best medical care to the sick and wounded. nurses sterilize the operating equipment. the surgical gowns and gloves. drugs, laid out the instruments which the doctor needed for his next operation. and kept acc

because of these flying hospitals, men are alive today, who otherwise would have died in the jungles of burma on the beaches of normandy. each patient was thoroughly checked before the takeoff, then watched over constantly, and checked again when the plane landed. while in the, air the flight nurse was in complete charge, ready to hand deliver emergency and doing everything a doctor would have to do, except operate. air evacuation was difficult, and required specialized skill in training. the flight nurse had to be prepared for the unexpected. for the next moment it might have and often did happen. at the general hospital, in the theater of operation, other skilled teams of near surgeons and nurses, stood ready to take over where the frontline hospitals left off. whether hospital is under canvas, out of the field, or in a solid structure in the city, it's 14, like the nurses routine, doesn't very. and its principal aims remains fixed, to offer the best offer medical care, to the second wounded. nurses sterilized the operating equipment. the surgical gowns and gloves. prepared drugs, laid out

burma

meet the bella, russian theater director, smits, a charge called supporting the current protests in burma. rose from a fall and dancing with a difference, a rather unique french dance troupe called geometry very, are gone. viral on social media. british british director steve mcqueen has already secured his place in movie history, in the 1st black director to win a best picture. oscar for 12 years, a slave. that film was set in 1900, centuries of america. now he's turned his attention closer to home. small x. is a series of 5 films about the history. indeed, the struggle of black people in britain between the 960, s. and 980 s. steve mcqueen return to the sounds and sense of his london childhood, his 5 film anthology, small acts true stories of resistance, protest and celebration from the black caribbean experience of the 1960 s. seventy's and eighty's for the oscar winner mcqueen. this is his 1st british production and his most personal for the series produced by the b.b.c. and amazon mcqueen casts some of britain's biggest stars lity to write famous from black panther plays one of the m

alexander lukashenko to step down as the president of rigging elections in august and at the people of burma, kenya faso have been voting in a presidential election that has been overshadowed by a rising jihadist threat. president rock cabaret is expected to win reelection though opposition candidates have criticized his failure to contain the violence opposition parties have warned of massive fraud and threatens not to accept the results. but if the o.p.'s prime minister has given the leaders in the northern region of a seventy two hour also made him to surrender, threatening an all out assault if they do not. the military has also warned civilians to get out of the regional capital make a way before the deadline. commanders say they will show no mercy to the people's liberation front. fighting between the government and i for says, began over two weeks ago, a show of force on the field be on state t.v. . and as the army advances in the region in oman, this warning to residents of its capital city may caylee is not just the looks. and we want to send a message to the public to make your lif

so it's not terribly good politics to caucus sites or miniscule group where one starts on burma, it's like armament. they like a sense of this isn't making you know, member for better or for international audience that this phrase i write that the scots would think you were exactly. does that mean soldiers really were listening to you, but were you thinking elsewhere? there was in the acim to remember that some walter scott said that scott's like to have a parliament because they could fling chuckie stains at the parliamentarian's as a in essence and where a parliament may get criticized. but that doesn't mean that it's not held in the affection of the people. it just moves away some because to criticise. well, the oldest one reference of courses to the writing of the parliament are where members are to walk through bruce treats of unburned on a royal mile. and the people don't buy them the stones or them. i had a very real hound and bring me that tradition back regular if you look at the summer that record of achievement of the scottish parliament, it really is quite positive and aga

you know, we're going to be back to stability of the obama years, which the ability of burma started. several wars, or at least he made the march more dangerous and bloddy than they could be, you know, in leaving he, he intervened and this is evil who is still continuing in syria. he intervened on the side of the forces which lost and which almost ruined because entry in ukraine . he changed the regime and the situation is still very dangerous. so when people talk about stability and about experience diplomats or, or clinton years, those are just ludicrous you know, and of the obama years. and it's very important talking about the generals. i think ray mcgovern was right to pay attention to what john brennan had to say. john brennan told m.s.n. b.c. that wholesale dickless if occasional intelligence in order to further trumps political interests is going to take place. again, protestant predictable, he's going to do something terrible. yes. he may fulfill the us constitution and expose. well, i'm sorry your word us because john briggs was there also all that gold using program and of

. >> reporter: leah burmas and her daughter are one of 42 customers who preordered thanksgiving dinner on its website. it's billed as a thanksgiving feast. but now those holiday orders can't be filled. >> we're visiting them. we were going to have an early thanksgiving today. but now they're getting some chinese food and other things as a backup. >> reporter: in an e-mail to thanksgiving customers i il fornaio said, "we have made the decision to temporarily close the restaurant to have all staff members tested. this was an extremely difficult decision as we hate to diss point you, especially on a holiday. but the health and safety of our guests and staff is our top priority." public health officials say this restaurant did the right thing by shutting down right away. now contact tracing can begin. >> our process is to reach out to the establishment, have a conversation with the person who was infected and determine who they might have had close contact with in the course of their work life. >> reporter: dr. willis doesn't believe any recent outdoor diners were at risk. il fornaio says

it was already happening as a british india sail on and burma, and the dutch withdrew from indonesia. but while other empires were collapsing, france went against the grain and would not let go. meanwhile, in sub-saharan africa, several political parties in different countries combined in the early 1950, s. to form the r d a of an african movement with communist affiliations in france. one of its leaders was the ivory coast and peace. felix who fed briny, who openly wanted to end the colonial period, france could not possibly accept this, particularly at this time of the cold war. paris decided to try and break these rebels who were a little too close to moscow for its liking. nivea kosta french army action was brutal. on the 27th of january 1953 league school fed buying a narrow escape imprisonment. the next day senator, the top yacoub order was found decapitated in the words. thousands of their supporters were arrested, and hundreds of villages destroyed. a cloak of secrecy was spread over this abuse. silence on the side of the executioners. and among the victims, you know, voted to

the -- uld surprise supply the people in burma and we supplied the chinese.o built are oad 60% african-americans. 1823rd engineer bat begins work. others soon joined them. >> freight trains pull into a located near the point of origin of the ledo road. engineers t of negro began work on the road in december 1942. area the adquarters negro units handled every phase f the operations to move vital replacements along the ledo route. 1945, the ary 12, first convoy of soldiers traveled the ledo road. the en they rode over completed road 25 months later a negro was driving the lead vehicle. >> in driving, instead of double automatically, clutching, when you start going don't havetains, you time to double clutch, if you you slip ded truck so past the gears. you're rough on the truck but destination ur safely. >> on the other side of the african-american troops battled frigid arctic blinding snow d to build the alcan highway. some had never drove a bulldozer or a heavy truck. a road grater, but how to do the work themselves. the terrain was very rough. it was -- the t

. >> the indians were fighting around burma where the japanese were fighting at the time.an supplies. we also supplied the chinese. narrator: of 15,000 troops who built the road, 60% are african-american. the battalion begins work in december, 1942. the eight 49th in the 18 83rd engineering battalion and others soon joined the battalion. >> freight trains pull into a transfer shed located near the point of origin. a detachment of engineers begins work. in december of 1942. narrator: on january 12, 1945, the first convoy of soldiers travel the road. >> when the first convoy from india to china road, 25 months over the completed road, 25 months later, a negro was driving the lead vehicle. >> driving, instead of shifting automatically, when you start going up the mountains, do not have time to global -- to double clutch. you slip past the gears. you got to your destination safely. narrator: on the others of the world, african-american troops battled a frigid archaic arctic temperatures and blinding snow to build a highway. >> some of them had never drove a truck. but they lea

so thailand invades burma. that is the idea. nato is all about everyone responding -- it's not national did -- national self-determination. nelson never used that word. the third idea -- no two liberal democracies have ever gone to war against each other. i can think of an exception -- let me know. if you come up with a really good exception, i will give you $400 and we will go. but i think -- this is interesting. you can look at world peace if countries would become democracies. and then lastly, these are the big ideas. there's a lot of stuff to talk about. but it turns out, that is the one that is the heart of it. you need to know something. there are 125 articles. the first 25 are the covenants of the league of nations. woodrow wilson wanted it to end. they could be pulled apart. this is article 10. and it's saying something fundamental. let me ask you a question. if ireland rose up against the british empire and the united states had signed this, with the united states have any commitment? external aggression. it would not.

. >> we would surprise the gurkas supply the people in burma and we supplied the chinese. >> of 15,000re african-americans. the 1823rd engineer bat battalion begins work. others soon joined them. >> freight trains pull into a transfer shed located near the point of origin of the ledo road. a detachment of negro engineers began work on the road in december 1942. in this headquarters area the negro units handled every phase of the operations incident to move vital replacements along the ledo route. >> on january 12, 1945, the first convoy of soldiers traveled the ledo road. >> when the first convoy rode over the completed road 25 months later a negro was driving the lead vehicle. >> in driving, instead of shifting automatically, double clutching, when you start going up the mountains, you don't have time to double clutch, if you have a loaded truck, so you fly clutch it, so you slip past the gears. you're rough on the truck but you got to your destination safely. >> on the other side of the world, african-american troops battled frigid arctic temperatures and blinding snow to build the a

but the nationalists, in these countries have often in burma, have collaborated with the japanese. quite understandably, it's a chance to liberate themselves from their european colonial masters. , and in europe these kind of nationalists as collaborators, so who was sent to algeria, and the dutch east indian it's a trap. they had soldiers to put down the anti colonial nationalist for billions. with often atrocious force and, people who fought in the resistance against nazis. so my point really, is that human behavior including atrocity and extreme violence is not a matter of character culture, it's a matter of circumstances. and the same people who can behave like heroes in certain circumstances, can behave like animals and others. >> and that finding, if you find yourself if you have something completely at your mercy, the human thought that comes next is torture. and although we should take note, because in general the better angels of our nature it's a book, white violence in kind. so one sort of comes back from his conclusion, that the violence continues in kind. and of the re

burma looks at the displacement of people in a torrent cities -- in japan, and the continued rise of communism, soviet, union and china. c-span or court at this event in 2013. in baruma, -- was educated in holland and japan. he's won several awards for his work. among them the international prize, and the journalism award. the publication he writes for -- the guardian recently published his highly learned, and highly entertaining review of the british museum exhibition sex and pleasure in japanese art. among his previous books are teaming the gods. religion and democracy on three continents. murder in amsterdam. the limit of tolerance, and inventing japan, 1863 to 1960. four in years zero, most of what he wrote while he was a fellow at the command center in 2011 and to this in 12, to the series and think of his fellows felicity was so productive. he produced a brilliant portrayal of the world emerging from the devastation and unspeakable horrors of world war ii in europe and asia. skeptical about the idea that we can earn much from history, he nonetheless wanted to know he writes wit

. >> the indians were also fighting up around burma where the japanese were fighting at the time.american supplies and we also supplied the chinese. >> of 15,000 troops, 60% are african-americans. the 823rd engineer battalion begins work on the road in december of 1942. the 849th and others soon joined them. >> trains pull into a transfer shed. an attachment of negro engineers began building the road in 1942. they handle every phase of the operations incident to moving vital replacements along the road. >> 25 months later, a negro was driving the lead vehicle. >> in driving, instead of shifting automatically, double clutching, when you start going up the mountain, you don't have time to -- you have a loaded truck. you slip past the gears, rough on the truck, but you got to your destination faithfully. >> on the other side of the world, african-american troops battled arctic temperature and is blinding snow to build the highlands. >> some of them had never drove a bulldozer, had never drove a truck. they learned how to do that. >> the terrain was very rough and it would vibrate whi