a town that would be properly rechristened burnwell. civilians are aghast, in shock. that is the first point. the second morning is a chill, autumn dawn in the former indian territory of oklahoma. blue-coated soldiers have surrounded a nameless village on the river. officially, the orders are to surround and capture a party of indian raiders that have attacked white settlements in the region. and also, to wreck everything in their path. they open fire, the blue coats open fire. ell, this is defended. the inhabitants have been taken by surprise. and within minutes, it is overrun. while covering for screens against a possible counterattack theyher vicinity indians, systematically level the lodges, shooting 900 ponies in the most of the giving possessions to the flames. afterward, there are no indians left behind in the village to bemoan the attack. all have been made prisoners and escorted into captivity. and over 100 of them, mostly old men, women, and children, are dead. now, it is commonly agreed that 19th century america had two experiences with total war. the first

. >> alet of towns in south carolina got burn ed, barn well well after known as burnwell. >>. >> a lotof south carolina -- i mean, they did -- >> it was -- here is a sort of romanticized burning of the image of columbia, john gave us an early glimpse of sherman's not assuming responsibility for the destruction. next is a photograph of what parts of columbia looked like after the -- sherman went through. and, of course, they proudly have kept the bullet hot side of the state capitol, the same state capital that flew the confederate flag all those years. >> sherman did blast away at the state capital. >> we were talking about this. if you want to get a good insight into what went on in columbia, there's a book by a marian b. lucas, i think it's published by the university of south carolina press. >> in any case, this historian, from south carolina, said there were three reasons south carolina was burned, wind, whiskey and cotton. it was both sides had something to do with this. he was leaving. >> it was wade hampton. >> who was that, a wealthy south carolina planner. one of the largest o

. >> alet of towns in south carolina got burn ed, barn well well after known as burnwell. >>. >> a lotof south carolina -- i mean, they did -- >> it was -- here is a sort of romanticized burning of the image of columbia, john gave us an early glimpse of sherman's not assuming responsibility for the destruction. next is a photograph of what parts of columbia looked like after the -- sherman went through. and, of course, they proudly have kept the bullet hot side of the state capitol, the same state capital that flew the confederate flag all those years. >> sherman did blast away at the state capital. >> we were talking about this. if you want to get a good insight into what went on in columbia, there's a book by a marian b. lucas, i think it's published by the university of south carolina press. >> in any case, this historian, from south carolina, said there were three reasons south carolina was burned, wind, whiskey and cotton. it was both sides had something to do with this. he was leaving. >> it was wade hampton. >> who was that, a wealthy south carolina planner. one of the largest o