and bya that islam extension mormonism devalued women reverberates even into contemporary discourses the islamic world and the place of women in it. the conservative christian evangelist franklin graham and bill mark have used american notions about the status of women in majority muslim countries to fuel islam a phobic rhetoric. i can talk more about this in the q&a. american islamist schism was a complicated interplay of human experiences of the muslim other accompanied by rumor, stereotypes, and the ever present threat of violence here hadwhile americans difficulty seeing enslaved muslims in their midst, they had and continue to have no such trouble understanding islam as inherently tyrannical and misogynistic. barack husseinlk obama, america's first muslim a satiricallays in way on the ways in which americans doubt the president's religious affiliation and use to supposed muslim-ness demonstrate his on-americanness. barack obama became, however unwittingly, if focal point of islam a phobic commentary in the united states. this denies the complex histories of american muslims, but