we are 482 separate cities, but the league's efforts for all california cities ensure that each city is stronger. it's our strength together that has been instrumental in the league's advocacy this year. last year, we successfully passed proposition 22 which provided strong protections for local revenues. did you know that this was our fourth, or depending on how you count, if you include 1998 and 1999 at one and two, fourth or fifth straight victory at the ballot box. your league has truly become a powerful force in the state political arena. [applause] but who would have guessed that just a few months later, in january of this year, our newly elected governor would announce his intention to eliminate redevelopment agencies throughout california in a way that clearly violates the new california constitution. in the process, his proposal would have killed 300,000 private sector jobs that redevelopment finances each year. the governor's proposal sparked an outcry not only by city officials, but by many others concerned about the devastating economic impact such an action would have on

california city was violently dispersed riot squads using flash grenades and tear gas. pressure on e.u. leaders to take crisis solving steps final results as an all night summits they reached a deal to write off the debts and give the struggling country another hundred billion in rescue lens. gadhafi family plans to sue nato for breaking the u.n. mandate by striking a late colonel's convoy that was trying to flee surveillance is also playing a lot of weapons on the libyan streets which many fear will lead to new violence. in. the impact of the arab spring on israel is explored now in our interview show spotlight host going over speaks to the former head of the israeli national security council that's next here.

of the protesters attacked eight attacking the police officers and the police in oakland california new york city and throughout the country have been criticized for using brutal force against these activists that are just trying to exercise their freedom of speach. well our correspondents have been at the heart of the protest log on to our twitter feed for their latest firsthand updates and i've also been a looking at video because i would as in oakland have been putting footage online of the police's violent response against activists again looking at this one of the latest that we've seen is the incident referred to. as the board there you have it there's an individual in the center there that is a rock war veteran marine scoffed also he seems to have been injured and there you can see a policeman seems to be deliberately aiming at protesters some of these people come to the center to try and help scott olsen and they're a flash bomb destroy in to do group that goes off immediately again let's look at a replay of what happened there. people trying to help injured marine scott olsen in the summ

showed any of the protesters tactic attacking the police officers in a police in oakland california new york city and throughout the country have been criticised for using brutal force against these activists that are just trying to exercise their freedom of speech but our correspondents have been that the heart of the protests log on to our twitter feed for their fresh firsthand updates. i witness is an oakland have been putting footage online of the police's violent response against activists. one of the latest video on the incident first to report in which an iraqi war veteran was injured in veteran scott olsen is seen lying on the ground when a group of other activists approach him to help. that moment policeman and looks to the pretty aiming at protesters in a flash bombs thrown into the group that goes off immediately. so. that video. was. so these protests are available what are you tube channel. since the protests began american and british police officer it is have been pressuring the websites owners to move videos similar to the one we just saw but civil liberties campaigner jim killick

showed any of the protesters tactic attacking the police officers and the police in oakland california new york city and throughout the country have been criticised for using brutal sure against activists that are just trying to exercise their freedom of speech. but correspondents have been at the heart of the protests you can log onto our twitter feed for their fresh firsthand updates. well since the protests started in september police in some countries have been accused of using excessive force the many videos on you tube showing sometimes brutal tactics it since emerged that american and british police officer it is have been pressuring the website's owners to remove them but civil liberty campaigner jim killer told r.t. it's for the courts to decide what can or can't go online it appears that actually what's happening is that the google own policy is to remove this sort of content which i think i think actually points to corporate censorship rather than government censorship they should be waiting for the government to ask the court whether this material ought to be taken down on you tube is a

the civil grand jury website at sfgov.org/courts or call >> san francisco and the league of california cities 113th annual conference. i'm mike casperzack, vice mayor of the city of mountain view and your league's first vice president. your league president, jim rightenour, mayor of modesto, who we see on the screen here, could not be with us today. so they called in the second string. jim had some recent health issues, but by all accounts he's doing veryll

but another california city is much more miserable. los angeles beat out new york for the number one spot. >>> well they are generally used for war and military missions, but now you can own your very own drone. chris lawrence on the southern california techies hoping to make the devices part of every day life. >> vehicles are flying out of this small san diego warehouse. and for under $1,000, you can buy your very own drone. >> we want to make area robotics available to anybody. >> chris anderson is an editor. his whiz kid partner. >> i never knew i was going to have the chance to be able to work for a high-tech company or own one. >> he grew up in mexico, able to fix anything. >> i was ten years old. i was able to build some computers, repair laptops. >> legally, goredy couldn't work while he was waiting on his green card. he got so bored he built a concept drone. >> i received a lot of feedback. this is amazing. >> that turned into do it yourself drones drones, which is turning military into the world. if it flies ahead of firefight

the man they say killed eight people and critically injured another at a salon in the southern california cityseal beach. the mass shooting appears to be the deadliest in orange county history. 42-year-old scott decry has been arrested. friends of the owner says he was the ex-husband of a stylist who worked there and may have been involved in a custody battle. >> we knew him to be a problem with weapons and with we kind of thought this in the back of our hearts it was like this could happen. with it what was no surprise. i didn't have to ask who did it. we knew it was i had. >> police officers arrested him a half mile from yesterday's shooting rampage. he was wearing a bulletproof vest. investigators say they found a number of weapons in his truck. >>> the first votes in the 2012 presidential race could be cast in less than two months. new hampshire may move its first in the nation primary up to december 6th if the vote were to take place today there might be a surprising victor. john hendron with the latest. >> reporter: here's a sentence no one expected to hear, the new republican front run

yesterday evening they addressed the crowd of people catched out in front of the oakland, california, city hall. >> to come back and see our country come back to life and see the city coming back to life is really a wonderful homecoming. >> it was a trio's first west coast public appearance since leaving iran. >>> colorado couple hoping to hit it big in the casino and facing charges for leaving their baby in a car more than an hour. a driver saw the baby and called police. officers waited for the coup couple to get back to the car where they were arrested. >>> otter is learning how to swim. joey is part of the new otters at the play exhibit. he will not be going all the way in to the water. it's believed joey was orphaned before he was taught to swim, staff members are easing him in the water so he can be like the others. all otters need the be the same, don't they, justin? >> push, tough love. >>> talk about swimming, swimming in the southern gulf of mexico. let you know how impressive as this look, yesterday flared up, low level moisture shifting to the east where the center of low press

hundreds going on lots of solidarity for demonstrators in oakland a day earlier rally in the california city was part of the dispersed drive squads using the flash grenades and tear gas. to the office family plans to sue nato for breaking the u.n. mandate by striking in a colonel's convoy as it was trying to flee and says the announcers also be blamed for the flood of weapons on libyan streets which many fail in the violence. and pressure on the leaders to take prices solving steps finally reaps results but in the light summits they reached a deal to write off half greek debt and give the struggling country another one hundred billion euro in rescue let's. get back with more news in full in fifty minutes time next year let's cross to angie for the lead to sport. hello good morning nice to have you company and these are the headlines dream. of his hopes of ending the year is world number one here in tatters after a second straight loss to the w t a championships. plus on target a k forty seven under the cover langar helps to discard bros in basketball surely. and on the double suarez schools

magazine sited the high cost of living and 10% unemployment rate as some of the reasons, but another california city is much more miserable. los angeles beat out new york for the number one spot. >> i'm meteorologist mark on the weather center. the temperatures have been soaring over the next couple of days. now the clouds are serging into the bay area. we'll talk about that next. roberta tosses back to set ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,, >>> we have been enjoying gorgeous autumn weather over the last couple of days. that is starting to change. clouds beginning to move into our skies tonight and they will continue to pour over our skies over the weekend. let's take you outside. still a nice mild night around the bay area as we look toward san francisco. beautiful condition out there. other than the high clouds moving on through, we are looking good so far. still, it looks like it's going to stay fairly mild, but we will notice more changes and clouds are going to move into our skies. overnight lows in the 50s and 60s. you're looking at low 70s in san francisco. low 80s towards san jose. more clouds gathering

ab1236 makes it illegal for california cities and counties to require employees to use the e verify servicentevares. >> we're always looking for people because they're hard to find now. >> reporter: he says his problem is not which workers to hire, but finding workers at all. claudine wong, ktvu. >>> dozens enjoyed a night of music. the crowd streamed earlier to the shoreline amphitheater. we spoke to a neil young fan who says the event is like any other rock concert. >> i'm just looking forward to people sitting in with you. like neil young or carlos santana. the stuff you don't get to see everywhere else. that's the stuff i'm looking forward to. >>> get a load of these names, tony bennett was along the performers. this year's concert was the first to be streamed live over the web. >>> calfire wants to let people in the south bay know not to be concerned if they smell smoke this evening. for the last several days, crews say a controlled burn has been on the way at big basin state park. in all about 300 acres were burned as part of the vegetation management. while the fire is out, firefight

hundreds go want to march of solidarity for demonstrators in oakland a day earlier a rally in the california city was violently dispersed with wide squads using flash grenades and tear gas it's. pressure on the e.u. leaders to take crisis solving stops finally reached results of an all night summit they reached a deal to ride on top of greek debt and give the struggling country another one hundred billion euros to rescue. gadhafi family plans to sue nato for breaking the u.n. mandate by striking late hurdles convoy as it was trying to please. the alliance is also being blamed for the flood of weapons on libyan streets which many fear will lead to new violence. i'll be back with more news in about fifteen minutes time but first it's on the sports news with. hello there thanks for joining me and here's a taste of what's coming up dream. of his hopes of ending the year as world number one are in tatters after pulling out of the championships plus ontologies aka forty seven on belly kurylenko helps to discard. basketball generally. and on the doubles florida scores twice as liverpool chelsea man city

and we will be in that other big california city, los angeles, in a few other days. thursday, and -- thursday and friday. and i was convinced quite easily about the use to have these kind of work shops in l.a. but i thought san francisco, there's so much going on already. we had leah and for almost nine months in amsterdam and chairman david chiu and others for a week. and there is such great organization here and there are so many ideas. there are so many professional little here already about bike infrastructure and the future of biking. but it will come down to implementation and it's perhaps a bit like riding the wiggle. you have to push hard and hopefully we might be a sort of additional support, a sort of small electricity motor for you to push your -- up that hill. and it will come down to implementation and leadership and it's great to have a sort of down to earth approach during these two days. working in teams on i think three important places in town. market, mid market. there's a lot going on. last week we had people from one of the biggest and the greate

hundreds going on a march of solidarity for demonstrators in oakland a day earlier a rally in the california city was violently dispersed the riots was using flash grenades and tear gas. pressure on e.u. leaders to take crisis solving steps finally reached results at an all night so much that they reached a deal to write off half of greek debts and give the struggling country another one hundred billion euros in rescue dogs. gadhafi family plans to sue they took over breaking the u.n. mandate by striking the late colonel's convoy as it was trying to flee as the alliance is also being blamed for the flood of blood and song libyan streets which many fear will lead to violence. coming up next it's the kaiser report today looking at europe's continuing financial crisis and how some european leaders seem to be losing their cool that's next on r.t. . max kaiser this is a kaiser report always done it again last another viral global. bird ranks first there was g.i. bo then there was crash j.p. morgan by silver and now there is david cameron s t f u incredible this is gone global tell us more well first l

hundreds go on a march of solidarity for demonstrators in oakland a day earlier a rally in the california city was a quality dispersed writes quote susie rush grenades and tear gas. and office family plans to sue nato for breaking the u.n. mandate by striking a late colonel's convoy as it was trying to leak that says their balance has also been a drain on the flow of weapons of libyan streets many fear will lead to leave all of its. pressure on even leaders to take crisis solving steps finding its results and all night summits they reached a deal to write off off of greek debt because for the country another one hundred billion euro zone rescue those. are coming up next it's the kaiser report today looking at europe's continuing financial crisis and how some european is something using the cool. this is the kaiser report well we've done it again lost another viral global. bird ranks first there was g.i. bo then there was crash j.p. morgan by silver and now there is david cameron s t f you incredible this is gone global tell us more well first let's look at this headline here from nicholas our

york hundreds go on a march of solidarity in the streets in oakland today earlier rally in the california city was violently dispersed riot squads using flash grenades and tear gas. could offer family plans to sue nato for breaking the u.n. mandate by striking a late colonel's convoy that was trying to meet that side of the alliance is also being blamed for the flood of weapons on libyan streets many fear it will lead to new violence. and pressure on e.u. leaders to take crisis solving steps funny weeks results but all night summits they reached a deal to write off half of greek debt and give the struggling country another one hundred billion euros in rescue that. europe's financial woes are intensifying calls in the u.k. to leave the bloc thanks to r.t. explores the possibility of this happening in the future of the euro with the daily telegraph writer who's one of britain's most prominent political journalists. i'm drawn by peter oborne chief political commentator for the daily telegraph and he just published a pamphlet entitled guilty men a term used to describe those trying to drag britain

it's determined seattle is the worst, california city came in at number 12. >>> 5:26 is the sometimemore concerns about pg&e's pipeline, the potential problems that can be traced back to the 19 #0s. >>> just up, me made their way through and we will have more on the protesters coming up. >>> in vacaville a crash, what that truck was carrying that created such a mess, we will explain. . >>> good morning, i am pam cook. >> and i am steve, it is on the clear side really cool some upper 40s some sunshine, wind will pick up 60s and 70s for highs, here is sal. >>> we have a look at 280 northbound, that traffic is looking pretty good. also this morning as we look at traffic on san mateo bridge, i want to mention there are major bart delays so if you are heading out there, there was police activity at the west oakland station, that has been taken care of but your trains are going to be late this morning at 5:30 let's go back to the desk. >>> a big-rig carrying crates of chickens, that accident is causing a very big back up. tara moriarty is out there with the cleanup efforts and the mess for

i would like to thank the members of the california league of cities that came to our tun -- town for their annual conference. i served on the california director and i was appointed by mayor ed lee. i want to congratulate our treasurer for being elected second vice president of the california league of cities which means in two years he will be the president of the organization. he will do was proud in the city and i want to -- to do was proud in the city and i want to congratulate him. we have one in memoriam, a beloved and long term president. he was born in 1922 in colorado, he was a proud u.s. navy combat veteran of world war ii and served from north africa to or canola. he was featured in the "san francisco chronicle." the library of congress was making an effort to get their recollections of veterans to the collection. he is quoted as saying, "we were a part of history/ . it is not neat and clean like in the movies. it is long periods of boredom followed by short periods of actual terror. people did not understand what a horrible experience work can be." he wrote on his compute

. >> sit risky to have the supreme court empty the equivalent of three californians into california cities and counties? very risky. there is a lot of opportunities in this model but it's too soon to say whether goitsing to work. >> a new study concluded the prisoner shift plan will likely result in low level offenders spending less time and less areas of crime going up. >> this is not inconceiveable. >> assembly republicans launched a web site california crime watch to keep cali -- tally of a possible increase of criminal activity. >> and voting is underway in oakland tonight. a controversial parcel tax is the main issue in this male-only election. and this election could decide the city future. voting starts today in oakland. voters being asked to weigh in on three measures including controversial measure i, an $80 per parcel tax each year. >> it's a tidal wave approaching. there is no mandate in how money brought in from the measure over next five years is spent or the role playing in satisfying current debts and for oakland resident and blogger lynn raffle that, is only part of the pro

the league of california cities, $130 million.bility rights groups, $100 million. $100 million here, $100 million there. you're talking big money. these four lawsuits alone amount to more than $4 billion. and hey, equally uncertain is whether california will be allowed by the federal government to reduce medi-cal spending by another $1.7 billion. so you put that all together, guess what, kids. you're talking about $6 billion in questionable funds. >> okay, larry. the question is will any of these lawsuits succeed? and even if they don't succeed, what is the financial hit here? >> well, it's hard to tell. we know this much. the schwarzenegger administration lost several of these lawsuits because of illegal assumptions before. and that hurt him every time. for every one of these suits that does prevail, the budget deal will be that much more jeopardized. and well, it's not going to be so long before they go back and start at square one. no question. >> it is going to be a long process. thank you, larry gerston from our newsroom toni

tie for 4th in a survey for the cities, minneapolis, madison,wisconsin ranges higher, other california citiessanta barbara and oakland and san jose were not ranked. >>> a diet soda for men, it shows men don't think drinks are manly enough and they came up with an ad campaign that does out of its way to be moch cho and women and diet drinks have subject students as well. >>> -- subject students as -- they have different sugar options as well. >>> the great pumpkin weigh off. >>> you can send us messages and story ideas, just search the www.ktvu.com morning news team. at a glance. i will remain untangled and uncomplicated. and let nothing or no one go unnoticed. all from one. all for you. i am the new rhyme by htc. only from verizon. . >>> welcome back to the morning news, a big surprise after a convenience store clerk pulled a gun on them. security cameras were rolling when two masked men went into the store over the weekend. it sent two menstrual beg for -- scrambling for cover, he shot one of the suspects and they both took off running. police say one is in custody, the other is on the run.

rose bowl as a temporary home, if efforts succeed in bringing the chance freeze to southern california. city leaders and the -- rose bowl are planning a traffic study to measure the effect of hosting an nfl franchise. if a team moves to l.a. it might play at the rose bowl while a permanent stadium is being built. the death of al davis has lead to speculation that the team might be interested in returning to l.a.. >>> to baseball. st. louis 9th inning rally by the rangers has evened the world series at game a piece with the cardinals three outs away from taking a 2-0 series lead, josh hamilton hit a sacrifice fly to tie the game at one. young drive drove in the go ahead run with another sack fly as rangers steal game two by 2-1. the series moves to arlington, texas with game three tomorrow night. this has not been a high scoring series thus far. >> steal, little editorial? >> no. >> no. >> no. >> okay. [ talking over each other ] >>> i'm excited about this forecast this weekend, i have family in town. >> we'll do whatever we can. let's look outside and show what is going on at 5:17 this morni

kristen dahlgren, nbc news, seal beach, california. >>> kansas city's roman catholic bishop was indicteda grand jury today on a charge of failing to report suspected child abuse. the allegations stem from indecent photos of young girls taken by a priest, some of them from as recently as last spring. bishop robert finn acknowledged he knew about the photos as far back as last december but didn't report them to authorities until may. this is the first time an active catholic bishop has been indicted in a church-related sexual abuse case. >>> president obama has tonight ordered troops to deploy overseas, up to 100 u.s. military trainers are on their way to uganda, central africa. they'll help to fight a small but brutal rebel group responsible for atrocities that have gone on for decades. the first dozen green berets arrived in uganda earlier this week. other american trainers will be deployed to the democratic republic of congo, central african republic, and south sudan. president obama was in michigan today, trying to leverage the government's bailout of the auto industry, into political

. >>> the california city with the state's highest crime is once again looking for a new police chief. police chief anthony batts is resigning after two years on the job. paul chambers joins us to talk about what led up to that decision. >> reporter: and this month marks his two-year anniversary. but it's all changing as he announced yesterday in a press conference he is resigning. some say he wasn't able to run the department like he wanted to and had his hands tied. >> no chief wants to be in a position where he or she is held accountable but can't have a traumatic impact. >> reporter: last week at the city council mayor jean kwan cast the final vote to send the chief's anti-crime proposals back. back in january there were rumors the chief was going to leave that time. you could tell there were tension between the two. >> to be perfectly honest, that's a conversation the mayor and i will have. >> you notice he didn't answer your question? >> reporter: now some nine months later batts expected to leave next month. he is talking with a harvard about a part time teaching position. who

the city of long beach in the city of davis in california and the city of mesa, arizona is exploring this option, as well as i think about 12 states that have legislation pending or research under way on the topic. so it seems to be a subject that is increasingly of interest to public entities. katie, who works on this project with me, is here as well. we will be happy to answer any questions or respond to any comments. supervisor avalos: great, thank you. i really appreciate the report. also, it is ironic how it has come up with exterior demonstrations and protests going on around the world with the occupy movement. i think it is very interesting. there are a lot of other states and municipalities that are looking at these public banking models and ways of leveraging public dollars. there is a lot of suspicion or frustration with the current financial institutions not doing enough at the local level, and i see that dramatically in my district where a lot of small businesses are suffering. it is actually all around san francisco. the goal really is to try to see where we can give gre

trying to remove the activists from a campground at a stablish two weeks ago in front of city hall in california now we saw over five hundred at riot police violently try to evade the activists at least ninety seven protesters and who are arrested but we do know that there was one man shot nephi's fired rubber bullets and there was in a rocky or better and i mean of soft holes it was a former marine two time iraq war veteran he is now in critical condition from what's being reported he was shot in the had by a police projectile and right now he's in the hospital in critical condition he was in one of the many iraq war veterans out were peacefully participating in the occupy oakland larch there were many other people to suffer injuries while these clashes took place between police officers and the protesters they heard the police officers fired a total of twenty four rounds of tear gas against the crowd now officials say that police had no other choice because the protesters were throwing rocks and bottles at the officers cities of fish. so say the least to a local police officers were injured bu

. >>> people in northern california cities are among those joining the demonstrations started on wall street. at this hour, people are gathering in san francisco to protest what they say is corporate greed. we have live pictures of of the protests over downtown san francisco and our linda yee is there now with the protestors. >> reporter: about 100 demonstrators are standing in front of the federal reserve bank here on market street in downtown san francisco. these are the protests that started on wall street about three weeks ago to demonstrate the gap between the rich and poor and in continues to gain momentum. and even though the san francisco police broke up this encampment about two nights ago, that hasn't discouraged any of them from coming back today. ♪ [ music ] >>> reporter: bluegrass music with a dash of bongos. [ music ] >> reporter: mixed together for the message from demonstrators occupying san francisco: money corrupts and it's time for america to reexamine values. >> the financial industry as a whole is really just become another form of slavery and oppression and i hav

. >>> lady luck appears to be on the side of one california city. "men's health" magazine ranks san diego number one on the list of america's luckiest towns. some of the data includes the most lottery and sweepstakes winners, the fewest lightning strikes, and the fewest deaths from falling objects. rounding out the top five, number two went to baltimore. phoenix, arizona, came in third. wilmington, delaware, in fourth. and richmond, virginia, took fifth place. d.c.? well, d.c. is in 52nd place. and the least lucky town in the country is charleston, west virginia. might want to avoid charleston. >> i feel lucky in d.c. my goodness. >>> the college hoops season is just around the corner. many schools are holding free midnight madness for fans. university of maryland gets things going at 9:30. georgetown at 8:30 at mcdonough arena. george washington's colonial invasion starts at 7:00 p.m. after the volleyball game. and george mason's madness starts at 9:30. >>> the brewers versus the cardinals. brewers came into st. louis having not run a playoff road

weapons and to some extent producing weapons every single on nuclear weapon in cities arsenal placed side by university of california. we don't warm go. to the city of california was selected as the contract because the army needed scientists to leave their versity positions. a group of protesters interrupted a university of california board of regents meeting to demand the schools sever ties with the nation's nuclear weapons program. it's just a lifelong dream for many men. one brave real loom is not enough to steer the ship. only. endures and genuine love to the mother lands history all require. people who revive the engine craft are sailing through the centuries on archie. in taiwan all teas available in the phalangists typee which sounds golden typee how it calls a hotel tonight be sure it's inside the hotel hotel while shall his the groom who took the show would have shown some wolfenstein typee hotel kuvasz photo photo full of hotel resort evergreens the hotel's ip victoria hotel the glory of prince her town hall springs resort and spa tied to a hotel while she plans on bus in the town you know that hotel the

this is at montgomery and california in the city's financial district in the -- and the crowd has beenbers to grow. these protesters are part of the occupied movement. they began marching about an hour ago. kraig debro is at the scene and joins us live to tell us how this protest is affecting the area. kraig? >> reporter: we're moving with the crowd. it's a huge crowd. if you would have asked me at 7:15, if there were 200, 300 people, i would say no way. by 7:30 they had more than that people. now they've surrounded the bank of america building on montgomery. that's the west door. sid's at the south door. let's go to his door. he might be able to show you that people are sitting at the door. we got news that they were gonna escalate this movement and what they meant by that, they -- they say they are targeting wells fargo because it was one of the banks that received the t.a.r.p. funds. they paid back those funds and have made money since then. what's not happened is that money has not trickled down. we spoke to a man a few moments ago who says his family was foreclosed on. >> it's --

these 713 death sentences to life without possibility of parole, and a change would save the city california $1 billion in five years. 63% of the voters support this idea across the entire state. every region of the state had a majority of support. a majority of republicans and democratic voters support this idea. 63%, ready for the governor to take everyone off of death row. this is an important change from where we used to be on this issue, because for a very long time, politicians have been afraid to talk about reasons for ending the death penalty and this has been seen -- been seen as an issue that would run political careers, as the former district attorney has shown, the death penalty is no longer of liability and the voters are ready for candidates who will say that we need smart criminal- justice policy, to keep the community safe and that will hold the offenders accountable, and that really meet the needs of all of california. the governor took a positive for step by canceling the project to build a new death row. in his statement, the governor said that this is unconscionable, to s