called for a temporary departure from the normal balance between executive and legislative authority. 84 years later, the temporary departure has produced the following reality. visitors to utah, senator mckinley'sice, see displayed to piles of paper. tall, itfew inches contains about 800 pages. some a lost congress passed a bill a particular year. the other pile is 11 feet tall. it contains 80,000 pages. those contain all the regulations proposed and adopted in one year by executive agencies. logically, executive power is secondary. having as its defining duty, the execution of the results of legislature's primary power. until the late 1920's, the election of the president was doubly and direct. presidentiald by electors, who in turn were elected by the state legislators. federalist 10d in , enlightened statesmen will not always be of the helm, but hamilton in federalist 60 it predicted the constant probability that the presidency being occupied the characters preeminent for ability and virtue. assuming that people would have the virtue to appreciate virtue. [laughter] that assumption is to say no more, complicated by modern communications technologies, which have served the inflation of the pr