i would not actually be surprised if, for example, cambridge university and we have good business withised... the governments are doing the universities do so. the reality is if you read up on this from now on there will be less access to that market for foreign companies. the dream of the chinese market, which the chinese have used to devastating effect, to get their way, is actually fading. we sell three times as much to ireland as china. let's kowtow to ireland instead. china's economic development is undeniable, and because of the place it is around the world, it has been able to marking are just as economic model but its political model as well. you say it has been influencing the western also influencing other countries, whether it is to hear other part of asia who say, look, we can become economic prosperity without liberalisation and that is dangerous. a massive role in africa. do take that long view you were talking about, china loves to go on about its 5000 year history, even to ta ke about its 5000 year history, even to take the last 100 years that isabel was pointing out, f

i wouldn't be surprised if for example cambridge university said, 0k, example cambridge university saidave good business with them. if governments are doing so, the universities do the same. the reality is, it is quite clear from i'iow reality is, it is quite clear from now on reality is, it is quite clear from now on there is going to be less access to that market for foreign companies. the dream of the chinese market, which the chinese have used to devastating effect to get their way, is actually fading. we sell three times as much to ireland as we do to china. let's kowtow to ireland instead. the development of china is undeniable, and because of the primacy that has been pressed on that around the world, it has been able to market notjust its economic model but its political model as well. you see it has influenced the west, also other countries whether it is turkey are part of asia that say, look, we can become economically prosperous without political liberalisation, and that is dangerous. and they're having a massive role in africa. that's right, but taking about that long view t

new research from cambridge university suggests that evenif cambridge university suggests that even ifmal range, excess even if blood test within the normal range, excess weight is still a health risk. it linked people with bmis of over 25 to an estimated increased risk of heart disease of 26 to 28%, compared to those with a healthy body weight. at the beginning of the study, they were classified as healthy, then they became unhealthy, and eventually some of them developed heart disease and heart attack. researchers believe excess fat may store health problems for the future, and getting down to a healthy weight, whatever your sport, is vitally important. coming up at 6am on breakfast — louise minchin and dan walker will have the day's news, business and sport. they'll also be asking whether you could run a business with your family. steph mcgovern is taking an in—depth look. this is bbc news. the latest headlines. the number of people killed why mudslides and flooding in sierra leone has risen to over 300. it is feared that many more bodies are still trapped under the debray. the red

new research from cambridge university suggests that, even if a blood test is within the normal rangess weight is still a health risk. it linked people with bmis of over 25 to an estimated increased risk of heart disease of 26%—28%, compared to those with a healthy body weight. at the beginning of the study, they were classified as healthy. then they became unhealthy, and eventually some of them developed heart disease and heart attack. researchers believe excess fat may store health problems for the future, and getting down to a healthy weight, whatever your sport, is vitally important. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. what is the weather going to be like, good for a run? not bad across central and eastern areas, another dry day. tonight was not too bad if you escape the showers. still some showers around at the moment. but they should largely fade away overnight. mostly dry nightand largely fade away overnight. mostly dry night and largely clear skies especially through central and eastern areas. quite a cold night for august, down into single figures away from the towns and cities. so

war historian, a catwalk model, and she won a half blue in competitive ballroom dancing at cambridge universitys now written her first novel, which was snapped up for a 6—figure sum, aftera bidding war. it's called yesterday and it's a murder mystery with a twist. it poses the intriguing question, how do you solve a crime when you can only remember yesterday? felicia yap, yesterday is set in a world where there are two types of people. there are monos, who can only remember yesterday, and there are duos, who can remember two days ago. where did this extraordinary idea come from? well, it all happened literally on the move. so i was on my way to a dance studio in cambridge when this question just arose to my mind. how do you solve a murder when you only remember yesterday? and that questionjust so intrigued me, when i got to the dance studio i couldn't stop thinking about it. my mind was full of all the possibilities, the rich possibilities, which were inherent to this speculative world. so we got to the studio, started practising our tango. my mind kept returning to the question, and you could

letter and the letter said, we are very delighted to offer you a place to study medicine at cambridge universitythe happiest days of my life. certainly. hi, i'm a doctor from kabul. nice to meet you. do you have a case to discuss today? yes we have one important case i want to discuss. today they have a challenge for us, a very unusual case. some gynaecologists may never see such a case in their career. this is where we learn from our side as well. we discuss such cases among a group of specialists here. we go back and look at literature and then we give them the best advice we can. they are also competent clinicians. the problem lies in a lack of resources. and sometimes a lack of experience in some cases which are not that straightforward. waheed's network of volunteer consultants and surgeons has grown to around 100. he's clearly very persuasive. he is particularly good at engaging people's attention so what he does, he tells people about the plight of war—torn countries and the lack of medical facilities. he is very enthusiastic about getting people involved, to the point that he has spread

new research from cambridge university suggests that, even if a blood test is within the normal ranget is still a health risk. it linked people with bmis of over 25 to an estimated increased risk of heart disease of 26%—28%, compared to those with a healthy body weight. at the beginning of the study, they were classified as healthy. then they became unhealthy, and eventually some of them developed heart disease and heart attack. researchers believe excess fat may store health problems for the future, and getting down to a healthy weight, whatever your sport, is vitally important. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. we will talk about that later on bbc brea kfast we will talk about that later on bbc breakfast as well. india celebrates 70 years of independence from great britain today. the country was formed at the same time as pakistan, which held its own independence events yesterday. the bbc‘s india correspondent, sanjoy majumder, is in delhi. what's happening today, sanjoy? there is a long delay on the line. 70 years ago today, the square behind me was filled with people and joyous crowds

letter and the letter said, "we are very delighted to offer you a place to study medicine at cambridge universitye of the happiest days of my life, certainly. hello, lam... nice to meet you. do you have a case to discuss today? yes, we have an important case that i want to discuss. today they had a challenge for us. they discussed a very unusual case, one of those that we see very rarely and some may never see in their career. this is where we learn from our side as well, because such cases, we discuss them among our group of specialists here, we go back and we look at our literature, and then we give them the best advice that we can. they are also competent clinicians, the problem lies often in lack of resources, and sometimes in lack of experience, in some cases that are not straightforward. waheed's network of volunteer consultants and doctors has grown to around 100. he is clearly very persuasive. he is particular good at engaging people's attention. so what he does, he tells people about the plight of war—torn countries and the lack of medical facilities. and he's very enthusiastic about get

cambridge university student james downs survived anorexia as a teenager, but then developed severe bulimiaught up with 27—year—old james at his parents‘ home in cardiff. i would bring all the food up here in the night. i would feel very stressed a lot of the time. it was only when i was eating that i didn't feel that. it was a relief. so i used to eat all of the food, and be sick here, in large buckets, and put them in the wardrobes. you would hide in there? yes, and then the next day, when somebody was out, i would clean it up. they would be overflowing with sick. my room with smell. james looks healthy to me, and that is the problem with an illness like bulimia. the damage can remain hidden. like, i have to take medication for my stomach, because i still get a lot of acid. still now? yeah. but it has definitely had an impact. my front teeth aren't my own, they have to be replaced. because you make yourself sick? i was sick so much that the nerves were hanging out of my teeth. that is because of the acid in your stomach, it eats away at your teeth? it does, yeah. james is back at universi

new research from london and cambridge universities suggests that, even if a blood test is within thes of over 25 to an estimated increased risk of heart disease of 26%—28%, compared to those with a healthy body weight. at the beginning of the study, they were classified as healthy. then they probably became unhealthy, and eventually some of them developed heart disease, heart attack. researchers believe excess fat may store health problems for the future, and getting down to a healthy weight, whatever your sport, is vitally important. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. taylor swift has won a sexual assault case against ex—radio dj, david mueller, who she said had groped her at a 2013 concert. his claim for damages, on the grounds that his reputation had been destroyed by false allegations, was thrown out. just to warn you peter bowes report from los angeles, does contain flash photography. a high—profile trial pitting one of the world's most recognisable pop stars against a local dj. when david muellerfrom denver lost his job, he blamed taylor swift for ruining his career. the singer's mot

cambridge university educated. arrived in massachusetts bay colony in 1630s and became the minister out of a town northeast of boston called salem. salem town not village. remember we learn quickly they were two different places. very close by. he was really one of our first true champions in what became the united states of true religious freedom. what we would understand of separation of church and state. we'll look at his ideas about that. and how he articulated it. and why he articulated it. and how he got into trouble. because of it. very soon he arrives in salem, 1633. by 1634 he's already annoying people. he did not take very long at all to do so. he had a number of ideas that annoyed the leadership. in the colony. let's talk about those. first of all, he was among people called puritans. and he didn't think they were pure enough. you claimed this name puritans that people used to call you as your own. i don't think you're pure enough. he reminded them, remember how we left england, because we thought there

cambridge university. it is called applymagicsauce.com and you can go there and basically the platform will take your facebook likes and tell you what predictions can be made based, what predictions, what can be determined from your facebook likes. i would argue a simpler way of checking how you are being perceived by the platforms. open facebook in the morning. arestories you see there basically the stories that facebook ai believe you want to see. ufos, see stories about you probably, according to facebook, mike's computer seat theories. -- mike conspiracy theories. david: i think you should find this to be an encouraging question. how do i get into the field of research? [laughter] what skills do i need? michal: that is a great question. i love this question. toould encourage everyone get into this field of research and to continue studying, because it is fun. past, i dropped out of my high school because i was so excited about running my startup , and then i dropped out for my college three times becau

in 1940, bernard is 26 and serving in the british army after graduating from cambridge university.nazis will soon head west into holland, where his parents are still living. >> he sent a few cables back to holland, saying, "please come to england." >> bernard's sister, lily, takes refuge in italy with her italian husband, but their parents refuse to leave. >> my grandfather was rather stubborn, and he had built a beautiful home full of wonderful things. he didn't just want to up and leave it and run. >> the german armies then swept over holland. >> in may 1940, the nazis cross the border into holland. as part of their conquest, they begin targeting jewish art collectors, including grandpa fritz. >> this is the last nazi inventory, room by room, of my grandparents' home in holland. >> oh, my goodness! >> so this lists everything. >> so i see chippendale tables and paintings and -- >> yes, yes, yes. >> the nazis loot more than 1,200 items -- paintings, silver, jewelry, and antiques such as this rare 16th-century clock given to fritz by his late father, eugen. >> the nazis took everyt

cambridge university. it is called apply magic sauce.com and you can go there and basically the platform will take your facebook likes and tell you what predictions can be made based, what predictions, what can be determined from your facebook likes. i would argue a simpler way of a -- a a a a a a a a probably see stories about hillary or another politician. how facebookbly sees political issues. >> i think you'd find this question encouraging. how to live get into this? question. a great i would encourage everyone to get into the field of research and continue setting. it in the past, i nearly dropped out of high school because i was so excited about getting my start up and i cropped up from college three times because i was so excited about running my but then i discovered thence by accident in it is best thing in the world. people pay to work in academia. there's another angle to it which is i would strongly whether youeryone are an artist or politician or journalists, you should try to learn programmin

it's made the same way cambridge university would actually make its books.nd these little bands indicate where it was kept and what was in it. >> another key detail... >> you'll notice that sunburst in between the monogram of the "g" and the "w." >> yes! >> george washington was part of the freemasons, and that particular sunburst is an image in the 18th century that was also used by the freemasons. >> had washington lived in another age, it might be easier to remove all doubt -- if he'd been photographed with the wallet or if you could swab it for his dna. but dr. lori says that for a 240-year-old artifact, you'll rarely do better than her final piece of proof. >> so, this is where people say, "oh, we don't have a document." we do have a document. >> that affidavit attesting to the chain of custody from washington to farwell's ancestors. never sold, right? >> no, never sold -- always handed down in the family. >> that provenance, dr. lori adds, has never been challenged by anyone outside the farwell family. has dr. lori persuaded you? >> the initials and so

group of cambridge university researchers found that people who heard that their dna shows susceptibleain diseases still did nothing to improve their overall health. they analyzed 18 studies of people who check out their dna to see how they handle the the news. well those same researchers say their study shows how hard it can be for people to break their daily habits. >>> it's a lot easier to be sedentary. it's a lot easier to eat unhealthy diet in today's society. so moving those behaviors with just risk information, um, it probably isn't enough. >> scientists involved in the study say it's important to engage and echoica indicate people before and after they receive any type of dna information. >>> scammers always out to get your money. always trying to figure out ways to cheat you. the tricks they're using so you don't get tricked. and kathy orr is live in wildwood. >> but first we're going to talk about eclipses, of course next week. business owners all across the country want to make sure they aren't left in the dark. dude, you were right, these wait...what? the gold fish, man! yo

editor of five volumes on the concept of total war for the german historical institute at cambridge university press remained unsure. in an essay in one of those books revealingly titled "are we there yet" they could not agree on a definition of total war that can command general assent. maybe this is a function of the natural contrariness of scholars. we prefer disagreement -- hopefully, collegial disagreement -- to general assent. or maybe jenny is right -- the concept really is too vague and of use.ible to be therefore, maybe the concept lacks any scholarly utility and i'm wasting my time anyway. it's possible. adding to the confusion, very few wars begin as total wars. as i hope i'm right in saying, abraham lincoln was willing to fight a reasonably limited 90-day war to ensure the survival of the union, even if that meant allowing slavery to remain in place and what they war, nohe slavo one would have gone to war in 1914 had they been able to see where that limited war was going to go within a few months. a rutgers political analysis concluded that for all of them, total war was the least

new research from cambridge university suggests that, even if a blood test is within the normal range8%, compared to those with a healthy body weight. at the beginning of the study, they were classified as healthy. then they became unhealthy, and eventually some of them developed heart disease and heart attack. researchers believe excess fat may store health problems for the future, and getting down to a healthy weight, whatever your sport, is vitally important. sophie hutchinson, bbc news. rail travellers are being advised to avoid london waterloo until thursday — after a train derailed early this morning outside the station. no—one on board the train was hurt. three other people were treated at the scene by paramedics, but none taken to hospital. it means 13 platforms are now out of use — 10 were already closed for engineering works. in a separate incident a train has hit the buffers at kings cross station. a spokesperson from great northern said the train came into contact with the buffers at low speed at twenty past six this morning. the rail accident investigation branch has been

the 2009 jules and francis landry award for the best book in southern studies, just recently cambridge university published the dissertation, rebels against the confederacy. as you can tell, barton is an expert on gorilla warfare he has a recent volume that's come out, edited with brian mcknight and daniel suter land. entitled gorilla hunters, irregular conflicts during the civil war. 2017 you're not going to speak on gorilla warfare after all this he does more than that and i have asked him to speak about robert e. lee on the front lines of battle. so let us welcome barton myers. >> i want to thank dr. carmichael for having me here today today to speak about one of our greatest commanders and most controversial figures. robert e. lee of virginia. for the last five years i've been a professor at be washington and lee university where robert e. lee is buried in the lee chapel museum. so he's become a cottage industry over the last few years for folks and i've dealt with a lot of issues with lee and the historical memory over the last few years. before i started my career in the academy, i was a na

programme at chatham house and lecturer in japanese politics and international relations at cambridge universitym paris. why was this missile fired no? what is your thoughts about the timing? the north koreans are trying to do three things. 0n the one hand making it very clear that despite president trump's fiery rhetoric they are not deterred by his threats. they are also i think trying to make good on their promise to continue to test missile capabilities. it is also clearly a bottle to the joint exercises between south korea and the united states, annual, routine exercises, but an effort to show they are objection to those tests, and all pa rt objection to those tests, and all part of bolstering his legitimacy at home by making progress on the missile development campaign he has. and the fact it travelled as far as it did, does that tell us something we didn't know before about their technical expertise? not really. it is not a surprise on the back of those two key tests in july, is not a surprise on the back of those two key tests injuly, it is confirmation that they are continuing to advanc

who edited five volumes on the concept of total war for the german historical institute in cambridge university press remain unsure. in an essay in one of those books, revealingly titled, are we there yet, roger chickering wrote, despite the work of scholars from around the world and the publication of five edited volumes on the topic, across disciplines, they could not agree on, quote, a definition of total war that can command our general assent. now, maybe this is a function of the natural contrariness of scholars. we prefer disagreement, hopefully collegial to general assent, we tend not to like general assent, i noticed this is one thing where chris and i worked at the army war college that they prefer general assent, academics academics do not. or maybe jenny is right. the concept is too vague to be of any use. therefore, maybe the concept lacks any real scholarly utility and i'm wasting my time. it's possible. adding to the confusion, as i noted earlier very few wars begin as total wars. as i hope i'm right in saying, lincoln was willing to fight a reasonably limited 90-day war to ensure

joining me now is drjohn nilsson—wright, senior lecturer in international relations at cambridge universityt chatham house. thank you forjoining us. this rhetoric, what do you read into it? is it just rhetoric, what do you read into it? is itjust that or is it actually a warning that if there is a first strike, america is ready?” warning that if there is a first strike, america is ready? i think it's a mixture of things. 0n strike, america is ready? i think it's a mixture of things. on one sensible level it's an attempt to underline the importance of american deterrence and send a clear signal that the united states stands ready to respond to any significant provocation. ultimately i think this is personal. i think president trump is personal. i think president trump is reacting the way he does when he feels challenged, whether it's by his political opponents at home, members of his own republican party, and in particular foreign members of his own republican party, and in particularforeign leaders such as kim jong—un. it's a kind and in particularforeign leaders such as kimjong—un. it's a

. >> i just wanted to add one more example, cambridge university press had signed an offer to write a book on putin and his connection with people in organized crime in russia. the book was submitted. lawyersers -- putin's heard that such a book was written. the book was not published by cambridge. they wrote an ject letter to the author made public by the author saying it was not because they didn't believe it, but they simply couldn't take the risks of a lawsuit -- of a putin lawsuit under english law. the book was published here and there is no lawsuit. my guess is wherever the lawyer was for cambridge, if they were the publisher, told him that there was virtually no risk under american law. the systems the verge that much. >> laura, i want to go back to the white house and trump's policies in terms of access by the press. before we do that, you mentioned -- and i think i have to go back to this -- that president trump was a libel bully. can you tell us why you say that, and what is the history of his seven libel lawsuits? >> trump, as everyone in the room probably knows, he and hi

cambridge university press had signed an author to write a book on putin and his connection with peoplen organized crime in russia. the book was submitted. putin's lawyers had heard that such a book was being written. wrote letters in england. the book was not published by cambridge, and they wrote an abject letter to the author, which was made public by the author saying it was not because they didn't believe it, but they simply couldn't take the risks of a putin lawsuit under english law. the book was published here. there was no lawsuit, and my guess was who over the lawyer was for cambridge, if there with a publisher here, told them that there was virtually no risk under american law. so the systems diverged that much. >> laura, i want to go back to the white house and about trump's policies in terms of access by the press but before we do that you mention, i think i have to go back to this, you mention president trump was a libel bully. can you just tell us what you say that and what's the history of this i think seven libel lawsuit? >> bright. trump come as a going in the room pro

joining us now from fribourg in switzerland is catherine barnard, professor of eu law at cambridge universityod to have you with us, thank you for your time today. would you assess for thank you for your time today. would you assess for us, thank you for your time today. would you assess for us, firstly, how important the inclusion of the word " di rect" important the inclusion of the word "direct" as in direct constitution is. it looks like there is a shift in approach, as the government increasingly realises the importance of the court ofjustice, and how central it is for the ofjustice, and how central it is forthe uk, if ofjustice, and how central it is for the uk, if it wanted to continue staying in the medicine schaub agency or the european arrest warrant. we need to be subject to the jurisdiction warrant. we need to be subject to thejurisdiction of warrant. we need to be subject to the jurisdiction of the ecj and it will be interesting, looking out what we have just heard, whether the uk countenance of becoming a member of the efta court, which ovens the norway arrangement, or another p

martin, there is research from cambridge university that shows officers who are wearing body camerasonal officers have got 93% ratings from the public. in the last year there we re the public. in the last year there were 16,000 deployments of armed officers to incidents, in those deployments firearms were only discharged ten times. i think firearms officers by and large have the confidence and support of the public. they are very well trained in what they do. how will they feel about having them?|j in what they do. how will they feel about having them? i think there has got to be a confidence issue with firearms officers themselves. of all they are volunteers to carry out that role. now they are placing themselves in a position where they are making decisions in split seconds. those decisions can now be replayed over and over and over again ina replayed over and over and over again in a court of law. so they need the confidence that the equipment will truly portray what took place and support their decision—making. it is possible that sometimes people might make wrong decisions but i

he inspired me to study in england at the university of cambridge where i got my phd, sheila jackson lee, congresswoman. and this young geeky pre-med dude. i didn't know him well. what is his name? oh on, carson. and candy his wife. they have been friends for a longtime. let me tell you something i learned. loenstein was friends with bobbie kennedy. he was assassinated, it was horrible. he was assassinated after bobbie kennedy was assassinated. somebody walked in his office and blew him away. we all used to watch -- my partners and i used to watch william f buckley on "firing line." he was witty and he went to yale . he used a lot of big words, and his son went to yale with me. i admired his son. buckley was a keen intellectual and i like how he took on the left. there was a famous interie it was like two duelers like a sword battle. it was great. it was exhilarating. what do they have to do with each other? opposite ends of the political spectrum. we were shocked when lewenstein was assassinated. i remember reading about his funeral. the person who gave his eulogy was william f buck

universities. ciaran dreams of going to cambridge. idge says one in five of its students is now from a black or minority ethnic background, which roughly reflects the wider population. but this week researchers at bath university say many bme students still feel uncomfortable applying to older institutions and are likely to be concentrated in new universities in london or big cities. ciaran‘s shown around by peter, who posed for this photograph along with all the other black men at cambridge in his year. they hoped it would encourage more people like them to apply. on a social level and maybe on a cultural level someone like myself — you are in a totally different place. meaning there are not as many people who are like you. within cambridge, rather than perhaps those that are like you at home. then you won‘t. it is all about visibility. the number of black students at the top four universities in the country has increased 100% in the last ten years, from 3% to 6%. those universities formed the russell group, which is investing million

that's the initial findings of a trial by researchers from cambridge university and hampshire police. chief executive of the hampton trust, a domestic abuse charity which provides the course from southampton, and katie ghose, chief executive of women's aid is in our london newsroom. good morning to you both. we will come to you first up, to your mind what has caused this drop?” come to you first up, to your mind what has caused this drop? i think the first reason for causing the drop is that what we have done is we've set up a course where we are... we are inviting participants to come into the programme and reflect on their behaviour. what's happened is they are released from custody and they don't have any interventions at all. so that's very unhelpful and what we are getting them to do is to come on and to realise that they are being abusive, they are using a range of tactics that are put in their families and survivors, victims, children at risk and we want to start discussions and encourage them to access a range of other services, including perpetrator programmes that offer long

university. from cambridge, massachusetts, richard hynes at mit.y,o alto, hank director for the center and law and biosciences at stanford. whoew york, pam belluck wrote the story for "the new york times." this is a remarkable advance. we want to fully understand the potential and the -- being raise d. tell me the significance of this. >> this is really a big deal. this is the closest we have come to being able to genetically modify a human embryo. and it was quite a successful experiment or series of experiments that the team did. that tells you that the ability to do that safely and to do that successfully is probably not all that far off. a number of years, for sure, maybe a decade. dr. mitalipov so, people withtalipov diseases that can be inherited, that issue can be eliminated? be able to,is to for couples who have mutations that they would pass on to their children that would be a specific cause of a disease, this, the idea is that you would be able to correct this, to repair the rotation,-- the mutation, to i basically get rid of it. the gen

finally, last, but surly not least, andrew preston, a professor at clare college at the university of cambridge. he will share his thoughts. andrew? andrew: thanks, david. given the topic, i would like to give thanks to daniel for organizing this and invited me to participate. and tod for sharing it, david hollinger for writing such a wonderful book to give us an excuse together and discuss these important issues. you have not had a chance to read the book, but when it comes up, i urge you to read the book. turnust for the religious in america, but other issues with america's role in the 20th century. it is smart, original, analytical model significant for a number of subfields of american history. but it is fluidly written and packed with compelling stories that made the book a lot of fun to riddell, but must have been really fun to research because page after page, coming up with these incredible characters and figures who are engaging in very interesting things. in my comments, i will say something different from what melody and matalin has said, and this is the testimony to the richness tha

we talked about, you know, the university -- we've always talked about universities, we used to just mean oxford and cambridge. now about 20%, perhaps, of the seats in british parliament have a stable element not only of -- a substantial element not only of students and staff from universities, but lots of, generally speaking, liberal-minded graduates who sort of stay in certain towns and parts of towns, you know, bristol west, manchester, brighton. there are places in britain that you might say they're the kind of anywhere somewhere places. they're where anywheres go to kind of establish new roots, you know? anywheres generally don't, you know, they're not from, you know, they leave home, but they find, they find they become kind of rooted and established not as much group think, often they're better educated in some ways so they can rationalize their own group think more effectively. but i think the whole, i mean, the massive case of higher education, my one joke about this is that i sometimes say, you know, explaining brexit i say, well, i blame the masses for brexit. [laughter] mass immigration and mass h