so i'm going to close out today's program if you here at the beginning of the day i am carrie janie i'm the director of the now center. and it is my

so i'm going to close out today's program if you here at the beginning of the day i am carrie janie i'm the director of the now center. and it is my pleasure to shift our attention to the years after second manassas. so we're going to spend the next little bit thinking about the decade after appomattox, after that, to after second manassas and the question of memory and how that plays out on the plains of manassas or bull run. how many of you have been to the battlefields at manassas? wonderful. and how many of you have seen this monument? how many of you've seen the monument? are good? there's two of these monuments. one for the battle of bull run. and i'm going to be using the union term for the battle. we haven't even addressed that really today. the union side tended to call this battle bull run confederates, manassas, second, manassas second. bull run. but the dedication of the monuments perhaps you've been to the henry hill monument. that's what all of these photographs were of took place on june 11th, 1865. union dignitaries gathered atop henry hill and the old bull run battlefie

so i'm going to close out today's program if you here at the beginning of the day i am carrie janie i'm the director of the now center. and it is my pleasure to shift our attention to the years after second manassas. so we're going to spend the next little bit thinking about the decade after appomattox, after that, to after second manassas and the question of memory and how that plays out on the plains of manassas or bull run. how many of you have been to the battlefields at manassas? wonderful. and how many of you have seen this monument? how many of you've seen the monument? are good? there's two of these monuments. one for the battle of bull run. and i'm going to be using the union term for the battle. we haven't even addressed that really today. the union side tended to call this battle bull run confederates, manassas, second, manassas second. bull run. but the dedication of the monuments perhaps you've been to the henry hill monument. that's what all of these photographs were of took place on june 11th, 1865. union dignitaries gathered atop henry hill and the old bull run battlefie

so i'm going to close out today's program if you here at the beginning of the day i am carrie janie i'm the director of the now center. and it is my pleasure to shift our attention to the years after second manassas. so we're going to spend the next little bit thinking about the decade after appomattox, after that, to after second manassas and the question of memory and how that plays out on the plains of manassas or bull run. how many of you have been to the battlefields at manassas? wonderful. and how many of you have seen this monument? how many of you've seen the monument? are good? there's two of these monuments. one for the battle of bull run. and i'm going to be using the union term for the battle. we haven't even addressed that really today. the union side tended to call this battle bull run confederates, manassas, second, manassas second. bull run. but the dedication of the monuments perhaps you've been to the henry hill monument. that's what all of these photographs were of took place on june 11th, 1865. union dignitaries gathered atop henry hill and the old bull run battlefie

not going to take up necessarily the question of mosby though we can talk about this in the q&a carry janiee mentioned one of our friends and another student of dr. gallagher's is the now at uva is writing a biography mosby and she will no doubt settle for all time the question of whether john singleton mosby was a guerrilla or, not what i will say at the moment is often his troops in the 43rd virginia cavalry battalion. but like guerrillas and in one prominent case they murdered a union soldier who had been injured and they refused to take him out. they simply shot him. and that's from a confederate witness. and that then stimulated a reprisal by custer. and what custer did in response to that was execute six men in winches. two or three of these were actually members of mosby's brigade that they had captured previously. two were just confederates. one was an 18 year old boy, had actually sort of jumped on a horse and ridden through town alongside mosby's men clearly not apart as a combatant. nonetheless, all six are executed. it is a shocking violation of the laws of war. one of the princ