that was what cartwright was talking about. even with all those laws you saw all kinds of opium use. >> yes. and i think this is an important point that there are medical changes, many of them, in the sense that now physicians have much more of a sense of what is causing diseases and how to treat the cause of the disease not just the symptoms. there are other therapies available, other drugs available that are not addictive like aspirin. something like syphilis, there are things that can cure you and not just treat the symptoms. understanding of diseases also leads to improvements in public health so the water is better. people are not getting sick from microbial born infestations of water or food. there is less of a need to prescribe opium because the symptoms are not always there, because public health is better, other therapies are available. doctors are also wising up that if you leave morphine and a syringe with patients, they're going to get addicted. if you give too much laudanum, they will get addicted. they are more ci

don cartwrights a cultural geographe who studies language use in quebec.ns of the landscape-- the streetscape-- are vital.ds to take back the streetscape, and consequently in the '70s, they passed legislation which de unil gl he placehethe siaw which meant that only french-language signs could appear on the streetscape. narrator: because of these laws, many english-speaking companies, like this one, sun life, began to leave in droves. overall, nearly 20% of the english population left quebec in the early '70s and '80s. today, this law has been relaxed, and bilingual signs are permitted. but the french language now dominates this landscape. even o landmarks like the queen elizabethotel and windsor station now show their compliance with these laws. the québécois have succeeded in their battle with the english-speaking minority. but it is quebec's rapidly growing immigrant population that currently presents an even greater challenge to the québécois. in this immigration office, a poster announces that french is the key to success in quebec. and to ensure that

our main reading this week was david cartwright's "dark paradi paradise" a history of opiate addiction in america. and it's one of the major texts, one of the first books written about opium and the history of drugs in general. i was talking to you and you liked it. let's talk about opiate addiction as the book goes over. who was the average opium addict in the mid to late 19th century and, again, a couple of related questions, what's meant by addiction and why was medical use of laudanum and morphine so common? j jump right in. >> the average opium addict was white, middle class women. >> that seems out of character, doesn't it, considering what we think of drug addicts today. so why was that person -- >> isn't it because it was a drug they could use inside the home. they couldn't go outside and drink. it wasn't their status. it would ruin the ideology of the feminine role model at the time so they could take it in their home, so to speak. >> were they doing it recreationally? >> more than likely they mentioned here there were a lot of medicinal uses, coughing, menstrual cramps, why i

cartwright: they are always going to be in contact with the english language.g into quebec through television, through radio, through magazines, and as a result, they simply cannot give up the vigilance that they take for the protection of the language and the culture. narrator: in 1995, french identity politics came to a head with theon quebec vereignty. would quebec break away and form its own country? the vote was very close: by a margin of o percent, the residents chose to remain canadian. the spatial pattern of the votes reveals much about social and economic divisions within quebec. in northern areas of the province, native americans voted "no" to sovereignty. so did quebecers living near the canadian capital in ottawa and along the u.s. border. but "yes" votes predominated in most of the other ridings, or counties, in quebec, the heartland of french canada. most divided was montreal itself. here, the darker the color, the higher is the percentage of english speakers. so it was no real surprise that these west side districts voted "no" on the sovereignty

and on pages 39 and 41 cartwright agrees that it's something that apparently the upper -- the middle class and upper class were more susceptible to. on 41 he writes brain workers and professional men were frequently cited in connection with opium and morphine addiction. >> and as we'll see next time also with cocaine use because they would have this debilitating job and needed a pick-me-up. >> how did they make the jump from being stigmatized with the chinese immigrants who are these subhuman people to this drug of the wealthy and the well to do? >> this woman wasn't going to be smoking it. laudanum is very different than smoking it. >> what is meant by atrogenic addiction? going through all of these again. there we go. go ahead. >> the last paragraph of 42 is talking about the term and he breaks it down about physicians, about causing or contributing to the addition and he refers specifically to regular practitioners not selective practitioners but ones that were working in the field and prescribed these ailments. >> these are doctor induced. these women began using opiate products

. >> in i think it's in "dark paradise" cartwright actually says that opium smoking almost had to be a group thing, that you learned it from somebody who was more experienced. you learned the ups and downs of it. he said if it would have been a thing you did on your own it would have died out in a generation. >> yes. at least the act of smoking, both apparently in the chinese community and in the euro-american community was a very social thing that you had to -- there was an elaborate ritual to preparing the opium and then putting it in a pipe and then smoking it. and i recall in "dark paradise" he said even if you had a wonderful kit, in other words a really ornate pipe and wonderful opium and all that stuff. if you were doing it alone it probably wasn't any fun, wasn't satisfying. that the social aspect of other people doing it was integral to the experience. >> on the picture on the right there's two doorways. there's people on the left and on the right. is there supposed to be a comparison or contrast to those individuals? >> well, that's a good question. >> because it looks like

. >> because cartwright mentioned about how there was a fear of interracial relationships between white women and asian men, right? so this would be a propaganda piece. this is what asian men will do to whoever. >> absolutely. and this is the danger of opium. this might be a good place to talk about the primary document we read for this week. and the book that it comes from -- and i just learned this as i was putting this together, was apparently reprinted recently. i think last year. and in this form so you can get it online. and the full title is "the demon of the orient and his satellite fiends of the joints are opium smokers as they are in tartar hells and american paradises". it's really a title to conjure with. so go right ahead. >> all right. that's me. well, first i want to go over a little detail about ellen s. williams, which is actually really hard to find information on him. but i did find a little bit. first of all, he was an american journalist who wrote for the "new york times." and i think he also wrote for the "new york truth" which i think is no longer published anymor

he was recommending they might even be armed. >> another key recommendation, remember, general cartwright is the former vice-chairman of the joint chiefs. he's the former commander of the strategic command. he had his fingers on the button. he knows the systems well. he says there's no reason to keep them on this high alert status we currently have them. we have about 1,200 weapons ready to go in 30 minutes notice. just like that. so why? why do we need that many. bring them all down. that also saves money. so you can still use them but it might take you hours or days to keep them up to speed. you can keep a few on high alert status. >> bill: what happens to this recommendation now? >> it is a public panel. it is not a government panel. it is a power of persuasion. people like you talk about it. does it make its way into "the new york times" which it has. does it get into "the associated press" which it has. do people in this country start calling up their representatives and saying save me some money. we could use fewer nukes and still be safe. >> bill: does the president maybe pick it u

>>> it hit home to me we have the awards ceremony for rot cartwright and sing all the different people traveled from all over the country with the raider nation clubs coming to that event, how far people traveled just to follow the raiders with getting good people out passion and people are and how wide the span says of our fan base. >>> you can see more of my interview monday night at 7:00 on moving up at our special to recap the off-season and get ready for training camp on the 49ers signed all eyes on randy moss. even mosses teammates and coaches have cut themselves being spectators to see the future hall of famer up close. >>> when i a team about hype so to speak but randy has been outstanding it is need to watch our players, watch a guy like randy they've watched growing up at a chance to go by ray macdonald the other day and we talking and he said " i love my grandma's has lost a step " does not matter if he lost a step that is randy moss during >>> planted a first-ever ncaa tournament the senate clara men's tennis team beat texas in first round, they face stanford tomorrow. >>>

we talked a little bit about the first week we did readings with david cartwright's forces of habit. we're reading another of his books tonight. but tonight we'll be talking about opium addiction in america and i hope this will work for me here. press this. no. again. there we go. so we're going start off by talking about different types of opiate use, different kinds of products that were available and in general circulation opium obviously comes from poppies, it's psychoactive properties have been known for centuries if not millenia. and it's been taken orally for a variety of ailments, pretty much anything you can imagine would be treated with opium. a very potent painkiller, one that occurs naturally. probably the most commonly used opium product for much of the 19th century and even before that was a liquid called laudanum which is a tincture of opium. essentially opium dissolved in alcohol so you're getting -- it is about 46% alcohol. so it would be what, 92 proof even without the opium. but it's opium and alcohol. used for a variety of illnesses and complaints. obviously for p

period, we interviewed two former presidents of kent state university, michael schwartz and carol cartwright. also interviewed several citizens of the kent community whose voices really had not been heard, they had really not been interviewed that much either. and a member of black united students who eventually became president of b.u.s. after may 4, i think around 1971 and also two members of the ohio national guard as well. we also wanted to have a wider time frame, and by what i mean by that is this. a lot of times when people look at may 4 they focus specifically on may 4 or just the four days i gave you. we wanted to kind of broaden the perspective a bit and look at some of the precursors, i didn't actually put it on here. but two of the big precursors were the b.u.s. walkout in 1968 on the kent campus and the sds takeover music and speech in 1969. we actively sought and got a couple of interviews that talked about those events. as far as the aftermath, we also wanted to look for narrators who could discuss some of these issues mentioned here. legal cases like the kent 25 which greg wi

know of course in recently commentary by peter berg and graham alison that secretary gates and cartwrightnd vice president of biden all opposed not necessarily the attack but the form of the attack putting boots on the ground, having two helicopters come in with these special forces, the seals to take them out. >> right. right. >> so it was a very risky proposition, but the president wanted to make -- he wanted today have 100% certainty which it was bin laden because it was not certain. they didn't know i was there. they wanted today make sure the job was there. not by some sort of technological gimmick. >> amazing, david. >> yes. >> brilliant. >> the important thing that's left undon is al-qaeda al-qaeda has been terribly weaken the first by george w. bush but much more so by president obama but the taliban, in afghanistan, have not been weakened sufficiently. they remain a formidable force, particularly pocket of the country. >> another important reason to have the agreement. professor nacht, professor michael nacht, former assistant secretary of defense for global strategic affairs. co

and bill cartwright. what do you do after playing baseball ball?n running a company and silicon valley i am a little bit old. most of them are about 27 years old. >> you and your feet on the ground before? >> steve started right before me he was a big title. and there were not that many start-ups because i got into it because there were a lot of great start- ups. being in the valley was great. >>vern: would you be interested in purchasing kron 4? >> just so i could put my face on it. >> giving the general manager. station manager for w t y. i believe in do you remember? jackie is a war is threatening to code los angeles. {laughter} and we have some of you playing. how sports has legitimately held to later in life. usually we hear the horror stories. but it's not in your case. >> baseball is like silicon valley you have to be able to pick up your self up again. as well as in silicon valley. >> you look like a little choirboy the upper right. >> do not look at those pictures. >> i am not that good of a header. >> before you go you used to work. and c

there's the former vice president or vice chairman cartwright on who obama has become close because heed to being people who are threatened to the united states. not simply a kind of bomb situation actually find people who are genuinely of threat to the united states. it describes the education process obama has been through. within hours of him having signed the end when guantanamo ruling. a drone attack killed a bunch of people in pakistan who are not guilty. that became for him, a very frightening moment where he calls in the cia leadership and asked how to avoid the signature strikes, a group strike oz a posed to very, very targeted. he writes about the toll it takes on the advisers of obama. >> reading from the piece, the first one says this. president obama saw the drones as a useful tool in a global conflict. he also was mindful of the possibility of blowback. a commander who pursues the enemy without flinching. the truth is more reassuring. the president is not a killing machine. the choices he faces are difficult and he struggled with them turning them over in his mind again a