featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert. >> stephen: very much. welcome one and all in here, out there, all around the world to the late show. i am your host, stephen colbert. it feels good to be back. it feels good to be with you again in the ed sullivan theater. after the first few months of the strike -- refused to quit chanting my name. the writer's strike is over, there are protections against ai, better pay, better pay for streaming and thanks to the picket lines, my writers got fresh air and sunshine and they do not care for that. they are back safely in their joe coles, doing what they do best, making my teleprompter screen full of good and ha ha. good to have you back. it has been a long time since our last late show. i believe we have been off the air for 154 indictments. >> roughly. >> stephen: ballpark it. it was a crazy summer to be off. it was packed with events. it would be stupid to try to recap everything that happened

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band.ve on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! [cheers and applause] >> stephen: hey! how are ya? ♪ ♪ [cheers and applause] oh! [audience chanting] >> stephen! stephen! stephen! >> stephen: sit, sit, sit. thank you very much. welcome one and all in here, out there, all around the world to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. [cheers and applause] ladies and gentlemen. oh, it feels good to be back. it feels good to be with all of you again here in the ed sullivan theater because after the first few months of the strike, evie refused to keep chanting my name. but now the writers' strike is over with a new contract that includes protections against ai, cost-of-living increases, better pay... better pay for streaming. plus, thanks to the picket lines, my writers got fresh air and sunshine and they do not care for that. now they are back safely in their joke holes doing what they do best, making my prompter word screen full of good and ha-ha. [la

just have a cato expose this. how does he and his marketing representatives see the water shortage in for to ok that whether it's like the i mean say no sir. thank you, then thanks to the way i can say. but i mean, i, well, i don't know to what extent people actually like water, but maybe the state should build more plants to turn river water into drinking water for its residents. i know that, i mean, i can think of that. i mean it is, but the business own is also invest money and wants to take advantage of the water . right. stay for that goal. so it's tricky to say no, no, no, hold on to the 20th and sent them in based on the juices. always concerned about having enough water. the forget that minute they don't know if you have. i mean a, the, a little bit funny because they save money by using as little water as possible per plantation to turn on the quote from the ceiling. i may not be able to see the letter phonetic for the for the front. the film for that one, the, the saving morris has its limits to be. as a

for the cato see they grow bigger and ripe and foster up there. but we have to spend a bit more on electricity for the pump system side of our martinez has to drill to depths of up to a 120 maces to find enough ground water for the tropical fruits. huge effort but necessary for drawing avocados on such a grand scale. in this climate, the cultivation is known important pillow in the chilean economy with critics complained that the war solely needed for people in chile is being shipped to europe in the form of f. a condos. and in special refrigerator to contain is creating an even bigger ecological footprint. and that most all of this is customers are used to funding of a car is ready to wage. in the supermarket, the green on like half of totters, of ripened in huge temperature chambers. but she made it to you and he's a simulated leaving mostly to chance the, the right to have a title has been end up being kitchens like this one and adds to the advert. cato show is one of the world's 1st restaurants fully dedicated to the fruits, its name, dr. here

i have a cato on a small business. i have a cottage through a little bit pancakes. aries inside of pancakes as well. that's really, really nice. it's really sweet. but the droughts in shinny continues and although the potomac region has always been dried, the recent extreme lack of red in in place. you will note was a let the government to declare a most emergency during the summer months. the commercial avocado production continues unabated. rodrigo mondanca and agricultural scientists by trade keeps flashing for the people's right to drink more so the when the single, when the, when a rivet drawings up, it throws the whole ecosystem out of whack them. are they? yeah, no, we don't have an operation. clouds no longer form and it rains even let let you know you way. is it 80 then? bit. getting sick, leave it alone. she glowed. i wasn't going to go because i mean something it's so b is that the water cycle here has been disrupted by the big of a condo produces, and we'll see any of this damage to the ecosystem is complet

what about, do you have a cato plantations? do road leads to stream that still hasn't dried up the area and then hurry to read the get the a will piece next to the stream. media is this well leads to canals that are connected to large basins, used to irrigate the plantation. it's also good to go. this well is illegal. it was built into the river bed and someone is illegally appropriating the will. so the tape also helps with on the us, the heavier reported is showing this i've called several times and nothing. it's in the folder of we need this rolling through in the village, down the road to the fiscal. you still nobody checked it on on kind of the days. okay. it's nothing you process as a building when confronted the regions main produce the claims that advocate or cultivation is not to blame for the water shortage. and the no court decision has found any of the produces inputs, all could guilty of won't affect the dispute civil war to continue to flare up, especially in the hot summer months. but i don't mean dawson cecily t

as you mentioned, cato's letters that came up with this great enlightenment meme, that free speech is the great bulwark of liberty that made it into the virginia, which made it into madison's first draft of the of the first amendment, which even made it to in russia and was was spread all over colonial and which also i think played a very important. in a case from 1735, the singer case where a a printer who was the printer of the first opposition newspaper in the us was attacking the governor. new york was was put on trial for seditious libel and normally would have been an open and shut case. but the jury, drunk on cato's principles was decided acquit him even though the common law was pretty clear. and since since that case it basically became almost impossible for colonial governors to to use seditious trials to to convict people, to have juries convict them, because a culture of free speech had been inculcated. and i think that marks a huge frofrom 17 central america, where you have more than 1200 cases of people being prosecuted for speech where here in pennsylvania under william

i'm out of cato. on business i would try to through the pancakes varies inside of the tank actually. so that's really, really not really sweet but the drought in shinny continues. and although the patrol region has always been dried, the recent extreme lack of in in place. you'll note more, so let the government to declare a worse emergency during the summer months. the the commercial avocado production continues unabated. rodrigo mondanca, an agricultural scientist by trying keep squashing for the people's right to drinking water. the one the single when the, when a rivet drawings up, it throws the whole ecosystem out of whack. and on monday. yeah, no, we don't have an operation. clouds no longer form and it rains even let let you know you way. is he navy then think getting sick, leave it alone. she go, a lot wasn't going to go because i mean something, it's obvious that the water cycle here has being disrupted by the big of a car to produce a simple c. m. eagle. and this damage to the ecosystem is c

my name is justin logan, i am the director of defense and foreign policy here at cato. it is my pleasure to welcome you to this form of this uncommonly, wonderful sunny august afternoon in washington to our forum on proposals for using u.s. military at the border and counter fentanyl. you are going to hear a lot of reasons this afternoon why proposals for using u.s. military in and around mexico to counter fentanyl is a bad idea. but, i think it is important to state at the outset there is a real underlying crisis happening in the united states vis-@-vis fentanyl. overdose death or precise data on overdose deaths are hard to come by. but, as near as we can tell somewhere on the order between 60 and 80,000 americans per year last year in 2022 anyway, are dying of fentanyl related overdoses. provisional data from the cdc, for example, suggests there were more than 70,000 frontal overdose deaths in the country last year. so, there is, i think a real underlying crisis happening in the united states vis-@-vis fentanyl. that helps to explain why politicians have begun to latc

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! [cheers and applause] >> stephen: come on, baby. come on. oh! ♪ ♪ [cheering] good to see you. my friends. [audience chanting] >> stephen! stephen! stephen! >> stephen: thanks, everybody! thank you very much! please have a seat, everybody. welcome. welcome one and all to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. [cheering] tonight you join our broadcast with history already in progress, because mere minutes before i walked out here on this stage, republican kevin mccarthy was ousted as speaker of the house. and i'm sure this won't be taken out of context when i say i love the mccarthy hearings! this -- it's not really hearings, but you get the idea. you get the idea. this all started just last night, right? when matt gaetz introduced a motion to vacate the speaker's chair, which gaetz had threatened to file earlier in the day, and then mccarthy tweeted "bring it on" to which gaetz replied

i am the director of defense and foreign policy studies at cato. it is my pleasure to welcome you, in this form, an uncommonly formal august afternoon in washington, to our forum on proposals for using u.s. military at the border to counter fentanyl. you will hear a lot of reasons this afternoon why proposals for using the u.s. military in and around mexico to counter fentanyl is a bad idea. it is important to state at the outset that there is an underlying crisis happening in the u.s.. overdose deaths and precise data are hard to come by. as we can tell, somewhere on the order of 60 and 80,000 americans per year, last year in 2022, are dying of fentanyl related overdoses. provisional data from the cdc suggested there were more than 70,000 fentanyl overdose deaths in the country last year. so, there is a real underlying crisis happening in the u.s., that helps to explain why politicians have begun to latch onto the problem. june, nbc news poll, they illustrated the public is quite anxious about this problem. respondents were asked whether a preside

on trial for seditious liable and normally it would be an open and shut case but the jury drunk on cato's principles decided to acquit him even though common law was pretty clear and since that case, basically it became almost impossible for colonial governors to use seditious libel trials to convict people to have juries and because a culture of free speech had been cultivated. i think that marks a huge difference when you have more than 1200 cases of people being prosecuted for speech where here in pennsylvania under william penn, himself a former prisoner of conscience you had censorship and a counsel presided over by william penn and anthony west that you be lashed 30 times for speaking out against the government so a huge shift between the 17th and 18th century in the understanding of the importance of free speech and that sort of plays into developments leading up to the revolution and also afterwards. >> what a beautiful encapsulation of the history of free speech and that phrase drunk on his letters sums up how the colonists absorbed the spirit of liberty that you so well set the

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! ♪ ♪ [cheers and applause] >> stephen: hey! thanks, everybody. welcome, one and all to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. the nation is still reeling from yesterday's big story about former speaker of the house kevin mccarthy, seen here saying, "hello, monster-dot-com?" after just 9 months of sucking at his job, mccarthy was stripped of the gavel by eight members of his own party. to make it even worse, this all happened -- and this is true -- on national kevin day. [laughter] [applause] there's a national kevin. today is, of course -- and, again, this is true -- is national taco day and national vodka day. tacos and vodka. or as kevin mccarthy called them this morning: breakfast. following the vote, a defeated mccarthy held a press conference that can only be described as "one hour long." just would not end. and he started like this. >> president abraham lincoln once said "i'm an o

and also cato, which is uh, one of the main menus of, uh, interaction between homos and israel, alongside egypt they have said they might do some break. so for the some of the hostages for this has not materialized and of course now, but it is a seeing the intensified evelyn bergman's and this new phase as the army, the is really on the is put it in this more. it has devastating and devastating impact on the other students of late a civil and civilian population, and garza and they, of course, very worried about their relatives. what's happening to them in garza, they tell me, do you think any of these appearances by making yahoo today? so making the families, but also the even the small cabinet is press conference that we've been talking about. do you think any of those things have done anything to help alleviate the concerns of families? hostages, the families of the hostages. i'm not so sure about it. and, and also the families invitees of the, hosted to this, you know, they do have different opinions how to go forward and then also that are represented there. but i think it's very dif

the sign of the release of hostages overnight was an actually encouraging one on the ability of cato to leverage it's, it's context with him off, but we also need to keep in mind it's a very tricky partner when we're talking about carter cutter is supporting him off for a long time, deliberate, you know, directly sending money to gaza, strip and supporting, but that was him by in so many other ways. they are still the only a partner that they use the americans actually have. and that is the to back challenge israel to solving this crisis. they're very key, a ally in this process and hopefully they can help bring some relief to the house, just situation. the w middle east analysts scenarios on us on a thanks so much for your all of your insights. while israel is planning to evacuate, the northern city of curious mona, near the border with lebanon as following days of classes with has bullfighters. the city is home to 20000 people and is just 2 kilometers from the border is really, authorities have been steadily evacuating communities all along. the northern frontier. cl, anita goldste

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! [cheers and applause] ♪ ♪ >> stephen: happy monday. happy, happy, happy, happy. hey, everybody! there you go. that's nice. thank you very much! hello, hello! isn't that nice? look at all you beautiful people. ♪ ♪ i could just stay up there. welcome! please have a seat, everybody. thanks so much. welcome one and all to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. it's crisp. there is a whiff of pumpkin spice. it's spooky season in america when pale, ghostly figures of the damned roam the streets, crying out in the agony of their cursed fate. speaking of which, mike pence. on saturday, the former vice president withdrew from the presidential race. i don't know about you, but i was very surprised that mike pence was running for president. it hadn't registered. pence made the announcement during a speech this weekend. >> traveling across the country over the past six months, i came here to say t

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band! and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! >> stephen: that's right! [cheers and applause] you know what? i never get tired of you! thank you. thanks, everybody! ♪ ♪ good to see you! good to see you! welcome to "the late show," please have a seat, everybody. welcome one and all, in there, out there, mr. and mrs. america, all the ships at sea. at i'm your host, stephen colbert. it's been over a week since republicans ousted speaker of the house kevin mccarthy in favor of their preferred leader, madness. [laughter] yesterday, it seemed like the house g.o.p. finally got their act together and nominated louisiana congressman and man in mars atmosphere without a helmet, steve scalise. huge, huge moment for scalise, for about five minutes, when it became clear that he lacks the votes needed to win the gavel. you see, he needs 217 to become speaker, but in the nominating round, he only got 113. i'm no math man, but that sounds like less. scalis

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! ♪ ♪ [cheers and applause] >> stephen: please have a seat. thank you very much. ladies and gentlemen, welcome to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. the world is still in shock over the horrific surprise attack that hamas launched this weekend against israel. as of this taping, over 900 people in israel have been killed, including 11 americans, and an unknown number of civilians and soldiers have been kidnapped, including u.s. citizens. and as the conflict continues, nearly 700 people have been killed in gaza. the middle east is a complex region, but the complexity of the palestinian-israeli conflict is immaterial to the horror of this attack. it is heartbreaking to see violence escalate, and we hope and pray that some day peace is possible. now, on this show we try our best to talk about what everybody is talking about, but we didn't even attempt to write jokes about this. the human

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! still valerio girl. that's right. how are you? [cheers and applause] there you go. just for a couple of days. hello, hello, hello. my friends. welcome one and all. thank you, ladies and gentlemen. you're very kind. very nice. welcome, everybody "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. when all right, it's comin' on! you feel that tingle? we gotta get right back where we started from here at the ed sullivan theater! and it feels good! 'cause i was out last week for just a touch of the covid. it was technically my third bout of the covid, so let me get my card out here. there you go. oh, i get a free hoagie that i can't taste. but and i'm feeling good. [coughing] feeling good partly because i'm back on my feet, but mostly because jim jordan will not be speaker of the house. [cheering] oh! mmm. at this point, jordan might have to go back to his previous job at the museum of natural history.

featuring louis cato and "the late show" band. now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! >> stephen: thank you very much. thank you very much. beautiful. lovely. thanks, everybody! [cheers and applause] good to see you. nice to see everybody. welcome back. welcome back. hey, everybody thank you so m much. welcome. welcome one and all. in the year, out there, all the ships at sea. welcome to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. [cheers and applause] today was the fourth day of the escalating conflict between israel and hamas, and the news is both heartbreaking and horrific. but if you read any of that news on twitter, you might want to check someplace else. because thanks to elon musk getting rid of twitter's verification system, misinformation about israel and hamas has been spreading on twitter, including false claims that benjamin netanyahu was hospitalized, video game footage passed off as footage of a hamas attack, and faked pictures of soccer star cristiano ronaldo hold

situation there is even more complicated, uh, republicans refuse to vote for now, but there, today senator catobudget will not help the democrats , the imf said that if there is no financial assistance from the states, they will reconsider their financial payments, because they, as it were, because they do not understand why ukraine will repay their previous debts, that is, it all went down the chain, they said that this needs to be repaid, what are we for you, we are for your safety, the majority simply do not talk about it - ukrainian politicians and officials, that most of the financial assistance since last year - these are all loans that need to be repaid, where, as they say, where is the money, zin, where can ukraine get it, well, today prime minister shemygali returned to the classic scheme, where you can actually profit, he proposed again, this virtual one gas trade, he said that ukraine has the largest gas storage facilities on the european continent, with up to 33 billion volumes, now 10%. takes up european gas, but we can increase it there almost five times and the europeans can stor

i'm as i mentioned i was the president cato institute and cato pub which is what they call the human progress index. and it's very interesting from the evolution of -- sapiens for thousands of years until the late 1700s early 1800s it was no improvement in the of life is flat and then starting in the early 1800s and accelerating rapidly after that in the in the late 1800s. there's this curve and quality of life life expectancy is unbelievable. the percentage improvement and it's not just the states or western europe, the whole dadgum world. and it was caused basically by innovation and creativity and that even though we don't have as much as we like to have, we have some restrictions we don't have. but if you look, human progress, innovation, creativity is based on human free freedom. it allows people to think differently, do different things as driven up the standard of living the world. unbelievable. but want to add that is the economic right now. people ask you what's the problem? the slowdown in growth is the problem in that postwar era. we grew for percent a year. now we're grow

and he was the one who persuaded charles koch to help found the libertarian and to found the cato institute. and rothbard was really an he was so opposed to any kind of state power that he thought that it's illegitimate for the state to exist at all. the taxes and is theft and based this in part on terrible philosophical about the wrongness having any kind of state power at all and in part on extremely optimistic arguments about would happen if as is inevitable the case with anarchy. you have multiple of armed power within same geographical area. we've had experience with this there cold warlords. it is not good living them andrew koppelman kind of begin with hayek in the thirties, but wasn't weren't there some versions of it that were earlier on. oh yeah, yeah. well so libertarianism to the extent that those ideas are popular in the 19th century, they are not against socialism so much as against slavery. and so it has a completely different context meaning in the 19th century and the modern libertarian movement. arises as opposition to the new deal and much larger structure of regulation a

people like charles koch for who's been a major donor to a lot of libertarian organizations like the cato institute, like the institute for humane to this present day. but on the hand, there's a lot of you see in american capitalism today that libertarians don't that they morally disapprove of, that they think is economically inefficient. you have a system in which there's competition. yes. but there's also a lot of government. there are rules that prescribe certain kinds of competition in certain sectors of the economy. there are subsidies, certain favorite corporations. there are tariffs against foreign competition. and so what you get the end of all this is it's a market but it's not the kind of free market that libertarians envision and hope for. and so are they pro-business? well, yeah, in a sense they want business to be able to flourish, but want a level playing field. they want a fair playing field in which you succeed or fail on your own merits and not because your cousin is a state legislator and he happened to put in a good word for you in latest appropriations bill. what is bl

the children are age from 2 to 17 and the release of a cato acted as a mediator. the root positive causes embassy in moscow before leaving russian culture released a statement, saying the ministry of foreign affairs, and the state of contact facilitates, of the hosting of children and their families at the cost of the embassy in moscow during the operation, and accompanied them to their destination in showing their safety, comfort, and well being cato sons, fairly in support of the efforts made by both the ukrainian or russian sites to safe got the rights and wellbeing of the children affected by the ongoing crisis. recovery efforts that are underway, enough connor stands have out in the province after another. as quick struck on sunday, one person was killed and certainly were injured in the magnitude 6.3 tremor the powerful quakes and the 3rd to hit the country in the past week. more than 2000 people have been killed and fighters and so not homeless as winter of approaches. poland is running low on just as party is unlikely to secure a 3rd time and office despit

active of the oil and gas industry and these new foundations that were born like federalist society and catoinstitute and heritage foundation whose goal it was to undo rachel carson. ou can watch this and all of douglas brinkley's nearly 60 appearances on book tv on our website at booktv.org. just type douglas brinkley into the search bar at the top of the

situation there is even more complicated, republicans refuse to vote for now, and there, today senator catoial assistance from the states, then they will reconsider their financial payments, because they, as it were, because they do not understand why ukraine will return their previous debts, that is, it all went down the chain, and they didn’t say that it needs to be repaid, what are we for you, we are for your safety, the majority simply do not talk about this to ukrainian politicians and officials, that most of the financial assistance since last year, these are all loans that need to be repaid, where, as they say, where is the money, zine, where would ukraine have it, well, today prime minister shemagali returned to the classical scheme, where you can actually make money, he proposed again, this virtual one gas trade, he said that ukraine has the largest gas storage facility on the european continent, up to 33 billion in volume, now 10% is european gas, but we can increase it there almost five times, the europeans can store even more gas in ukrainian, yes, but here only europeans need i

we will finally hear from jeff singer, my colleague from cato institute . he is the founder and president emeritus of the valley surgery clinic in arizona. he is a physician by trade. he has wracked his general surgery for more than 40 years. in march, you testified before the house subcommittee on crime and federal government surveillance about the drug prohibition and the role the prohibition has played in the ventral crisis. he earned a ba from brooklyn college and his m.d. from new york medical college. it is best to start off by adding brian talking about the republican president candidates. they would be very tough and use the military against the cartels, but there was not a tremendous amount of details in those proposals. by my count, we have at least three pieces of legislation running through capitol hill involving, or are adjacent to the use of the military vis-@- vis the cartels, sentinel, mexico. can you talk about what, if any powers those would grant the government for using the military, and what the implications of the legislation would be

actually father hook back to him again, civilly busy that the more the government does wrong for the, the cato. so the, the, the case against seems to get, to have been wrong running and all the involved or the diesel caught in funds being transferred under the code in enforcement. that is big laws. and now that's being wide into and, and the status of the new york times published and not to get in august alleging that new news because received the chinese fund. so this is part of the more the government's politics that on the muscular nationalism, my shoes, muscular national security. and as you can see, this explain how to read into today. of course, a new status along these lines. as you say, the authorities say they've use this on t terrell or to justify these raids. i mean, does that make sense to that? they've used anti terrorism laws to target these jonas as well? yes. and no, it's any more level, it does not the don't as being rated. so being weighted, i mean, across the board. even if you, even if you were to put admitted, believe these allegations. uh, as at, at, at worst you could h

and the mantra of all israeli political and military leaders — it's like cato, the old roman empire,— their mantra is, hamas must be destroyed. absolutely, as you say, and that is different to previous military incursions by the israeli defense forces inside northern gaza. this time, they say, "this is it, we want to destroy hamas." questions around that, then, is it possible to destroy hamas? and then voices also saying, "and if so, what happens afterwards? " yeah, well, it's certainly possible to destroy hamas in a physical sense, and i'm sure the israelis will, which is why i believe that the invasion — this is my own interpretation — i think the invasion will be at multiple points, by land and by sea. they won't want to give hamas people anywhere to run to. they won't want to give them any safe areas. and so i think they'll try to move in on all areas as best they can, as quickly as as they can, regardless of what happens to a humanitarian aid corridor around the rafah crossing. so i think that that's what they will do. and certainly, they will. .. i mean, any hamas fighters who

my name is vanessa calder on the director of policy studies at cato institute. the insights are my own and they don't represent my play. accessible low-cost housing is vital to health and prosperity of america's families and their communities. housing is abundant it's more affordable. abundant housing provides educational and economic opportunities and allows families to be part of the communities that they desire. policies that support abundant affordable housing are associated with reduced homelessness and better homeless policy outcomes. although these institutional investors and similar matters have received recent attention and accessible high-cost housing is largely result of the existing state and local policies. government policies that constrain housing development are detrimental. state and local regulations constitute some of the most significant policy constraining housing supply. building and land use regulations are nearly ubiquitous across american cities. they prohibit housing development increased costs create uncertainty. zoning regulations hav

vanessa brown calder is the director of opportunity and family policy studies at the cato institute. she previously served as executive director and staff director uh at the joint economic committee under senator lee. luis quintero is with us. he is an assistant professor at johns hopkins carey business school with a phd in economics from carnegie mellon university. his research focuses on real estate economics and housing affordability. ej antoni is a research fellow at the heritage foundation's grover m herman center for the federal budget. and maurice stucke is the douglas a. blaze, distinguished professor of law at the university of tennessee college of law, where his teaching and research focuses on competition and antitrust law and policy. and he recently served as a senior adviser to the ftc and has spent years litigating antitrust matters with the department of justice. so with that, i'm gonna swear in the witnesses. here we go. if you guys could rise. do you swear that the testimony you will give before the sub-committee shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but t

the cato institute, a very conservative institute, has given us information that shows that only 0.02%f the fentanyl that's coming in is being trafficked by migrants. over 90% by u.s. citizens. it's coming through the ports of entry. >> this is what thesaying. there's a 2019 law that appropriated this money. if they didn't spend it on the border wall, they should be out of compliance with the law. do yo >> i don't think they necessarily have to use that money to build a wall. they could build roads near the area of the border. we're living in the age of artificial intelligence. >> so they have other options. just to be clear. >> i i bebelieve they do, yes. i don't believe the money is strictly for building a wall. i think they have options and i think they should resort to those options. >> why do you think secretary mayorkas said, quote, there is an acute and immediate need to construct physical barriers along the southern border? why would he say that? >> look, this is a difficult crisis. there's a lot of stress out there. st it's a budget problem. the federal government has to deal

republicans are seen as captive of the oil and gas industry there were born like federalists society and cato institute and heritage foundation whose goal -- >> it makes me want to know your research for the book what you discovered about how the american public use the government's role addressing global warming whether our protection changed. >> it didn't which i found reassuring and hurting because it is the story the irony and wanted to say a lot republicans are seen that way. a terrible mystery that would be seen as working only. but the game has been to make us change our minds. once it wase clear as people demand we get regulations so then cougar reagan, i hope i'm not offending anybody who likes that report but in 67, 78 seeing one would see them all but then by 69 and 70 the environment became the reporters them all over issue the idea was against so governor reagan was saying we need an all out war to stop the americand environment. when people saw the effect americans could have the fossil fuel industries and people who work with them and help designer strategies as human beings re