catton: we've been surveying the kelp forest for the last 20 years now. we've seen a severe decline of the kelp forest and severe impact to the algal communities, and those are directly impacting the abalone fishery because the abalone rely on the kelp for food. so we've had 4 years of severe starvation conditions for abalone and other herbivores in the system, and we're seeing evidence of mass moalities of the abalone in the wild. so the kelp forest has declined dramatically, basically, because of this run of incredibly warm water we've had on the california coast. basically, you know, the warmest the california coast has gotten in recent history for the longest period of time. so that is the first symptom of broader global change that we are expecting along the california coast. catton: this is what it looks like to be underwater in a bull kelp fores this is what we used to survey through, and today, where we are seeing this vast expanse of no bull kelp, the culmination of these--this persistent starvation is, in part, due to an expansion of the purple

roundtable where the second president was bruce catton by the way they just read the book on fredericksburg. pelham is one of the characters and i think you touched on this maybe fredericksburg gave him the idea that he could get away with things which ultimately led to his demise and is that your impression to? >> a little bit. one thing that i would question back a little bit is how was pelham fitting in with other officers his age and his positioning can we look at the other sam pulls? yes he is impetuous and yes guess who's going out and doing things would like maybe you should have thought about that old more but the time in which he lives in the culture and the military culture that season at that point very much goes forward and distinguishes itself but i think what happened in the chambersburg. in lowden county does set the groundwork for what happens at fredericksburg. sometimes it's an overlooked connection there. >> one final question. >> ed rollins from boygum spurred. the life of pelham would you consider his life chivalrous or ultimately doomed a byproduct of the lost cause of