he has been serving as the principal deputy assistant secretary of state for south and central asia affairs since jun june 2017. she is a career foreign service officer and previously served as the united states ambassador to the kingdom of jordan. she has held numerous positions within the department of state and has extensive experience in south and central asia. we appreciate her being here today. without objection, the full prepared statement will be made part of the record. members will have five calendar days to submit statements or questions or extraneous material for the record. i last ambassador wells to summarize her remarks. then we will go to questions. thank you. >> chairman and ranking member thank you for inviting me to appear to discuss the administration strategy. this is a timely hearing. last week a cease-fire, the person 17 years brought peace to afghanistan. like many americans, i was struck by the images of afghan soldiers and taliban praying together side-by-side. with afghan troops and what soldiers can pray together, then the afghan people have every reason to belie

the united arab emirates we do not have as far as i know any case where people from let's say central asia from larry for the last two decades there has been money laundering. for instance we don't have any strong case of people who have been victims who have been arrested all of whom the money has been present for money laundering money in dubai you know there are united arab emirates we have cases of people arrested for terrorism charges of terrorism works not generally related to the real estate the real estate it's all over the case parts of the routes once in dubai you are not dealing with the national security of the united arab emirates generally this is a very very liberal economy and they are very very few are stations unless there is a clear mandate coming from interpol that say's these people will land in the united arab emirates i don't foresee any or a state deletion related to money laundering in the real estate of dubai or the united arab emirates or k.c. it seems like a very complex almost like a three dimensional spider's web here because it goes to mexico it goes to pakis

how is the administration building relationships with central asia countries to reduce our dependence on pakistan? >> we've had excellent relations. a long-standing efforts to create a network that helps support our military efforts. we had a visit of the kazakhstan president last year. both leaders are important not only in providing the kind of support for the northern distribution network but i'm putting afghanistan back into the region. when president connie went there was in december. he said afghanistan is a central asian network. says we engage we very much are supporting their efforts to proactively increase trade and give afghanistan options as it builds up the economy. >> how to u.s. and russia relations affect the feasibility of the northern supply line? >> the northern distribution network has operated successfully continues to operate successfully. i argue more generally that russia has important interesting concerns in afghanistan and said important role to play to help stabilize afghanistan. we would like to see russia do more to provide the assistance to the government

the ceo here is aiming to create a financial hub in central asia to rival singapore, hong kong and dubaiing right now in astana international financial centre, we are trying to builds all sorts of alternative vehicles, alternative instruments, to attract investment into the economy and we are building the stock market, capital market, from scratch, and we have a chance, a good chance, to avoid mistakes others were doing in other jurisdictions to build financial hubs. you're also doing something else. you're sending a signal to potential investors, they're going to get the most enormous tax breaks, as i understand it, a 50—year exemption from corporate and income taxes, what kind of business people do you think that will appeal to? i mean, possibly russian oligarchs, chinese oligarchs? it's not only problems with the russian oligarchs, i would say, there are problems with united states citizens and uk citizens across the world. at the aifc, we are also emphasising to be much more transparent than any other financial centre. so we don't want to put us into the map as a purely offshore juri

and yet it is now a key strategic gateway through which china sends its exports into central asia and you want to know what the chinese mean by ‘0ne belt, one road' — well, this is it. recreation of the new silk road brings positive impacts to not only kazakhstan but other countries, our dry port plays one of the crucial roles. in this relationship between china and kazakhstan, which created this amazing new facility, the power really lies with china, doesn't it? it's not something that we should fear about. on one hand, yes, we depend on the volume... you depend on china. china owns 49% of this facility in kazakhstan. china, basically, is behind this entire project. they are our partners. this partnership brings benefits for either side, for kazakh and the chinese side. kazakhstan‘s embrace of china is most evident at the border crossing itself. the two countries are set up a free—trade zone and have begun to build a new city, which will combine trade, manufacturing, casinos, and theme parks. kazakhs already journey here by the busload to buy cheap chinese goods tax—free. how much mo

statement, so this morning i am pleased to welcome alice wells secretary of state for south and central asia affairs to the committee. ambassador alice wells has been serving as the assistant secretary of state for south and central asian affairs since june of 2017. she is a foreign service officer and has previously served as the united states ambassado ambassae kingdom of jordan. she's held numerous positions in the department of state and has extensive experience in south and central asia and we very much appreciate her being with us today. without objection, the witnesses .-full-stop the statement is going to be made a part of the record and members will have five calendar days to submit any statements or questions or extraneous material for the record. i would ask ambassador wilson should summarize her remarks and afterwards we will go to questions. thank you. >> chairman and ranking member thank you for inviting me to appear to discuss the administrations strategy in afghanistan. this is a timely hearing just last week the first in 17 years brought peace to afghanistan during the perio

the ceo is aiming to create a financial hub in central asia to rival singapore, hong kong, and dubai. doing right now in astana financial centre, is we are trying to build all kinds of alternative vehicles, it is, to attract investment into the economy and we are building the stock market, the capital market from scratch, and we have a chance, a good chance to avoid mistakes others are doing in different areas to build financial hubs. you are sending a signal to potential investors they will get the most enormous tax breaks, i understand, a 50 year exemption from corporate and income taxes, what kind of business people do you think that will appeal to? possibly russian oligarchs, chinese oligarchs? it is not only problem is with the russian oligarchs, there are problems with united states citizens and uk citizens are cross the world. we also emphasising to be much more transparent than any other financial centre. we don't want to put us into the map as julie centre. we don't want to put us into the map asjulie offshore jurisdiction. to attract international investors, kazakhstan is cr

shiny new capital city tells it plenty about kazakhstan‘s oil wealth and its big ambition to be central asia'segional powerhouse. but all of this cannot mask a nagging question — what happens in this country when the long—serving president, nursultan naza bayev, finally leaves power? my guest today is the chairman of the kazakh senate and the de facto number two to the president, kassym—jomart tokayev. is kazakhstan tiring of 1—party rule? kassym—jomart tokayev, welcome to hardtalk. you have spoken about the subtle balance in this country between stability and democracy. do you think kazakhstan has the balance right? i am sure that kazakhstan has reached the right balance between stability and democracy. stability is a must for us. democracy is a must for us equally. at the same time, stability should not be guaranteed at the price of democracy. the reason i was saying that there is a subtle balance between both stability and democracy, we must be stable but at the same time we must be democratic. i see the stability. that is obvious because you have had the same leader for 27 years. since ind

i've participated in three conflicts, vietnam come middle east and central asia. i was surprised the first time that i have got to the point where i feel like there is something being done. they are graham's going on. guess there are space programs going on -- there are space programs going on. it makes you feel good to be an american again. that is all i have to say. host: the new york times has a story. dennis rodman saying the meeting today is a great day based in part of the interview he conducted earlier in the day with chris cuomo on cnn. the former basketball star has always had the ability to grab the spotlight there was a time and he donned a wedding dress and claimed to marry himself. the resistance on reality television -- there were his stents on the television. the retired basketball star has and -- once taking a team of retired eskimo players to pyongyang. aj's next. borland's, republican lin good morning. caller: thank you for having me on. guess, justat -- i watching all the movements and muslin which of president trump. gracioushem to be during th

i think central asia is extremely important i don't want to d. and present that but i think central asian hisself won't move the needle when you look at pacific when you look at europe so economically i do see the rationale for china russia and germany not to form a lines but to create more synergy economically this is the chinese leaders perspective precisely because these two french gentleman have been arguing against each other chinese leaders nothing they only take termes seriously europe i hate to say this but i believe really is germany has a strong interest very strong in the west say to gauge you to drag you to history you do a lot of. set we should come back to a leadership role in europe. russia back in a western orientation we have no interest at all said russia is moving east this is not in our interest but you have says not have not shows that you have to choose. we had to make absolute matters o.c.d. lactation ukrainian. life is not black and white i believe we'll i think there's a man in the white house yes well yes but for if i too

to wish all you have yours and don't forget there are over a billion muslims in this country in central asia and russia even though a lot of muslims even at one time desire actually told to becoming a muslim i don't know whether you know the story but he said we don't know when you found out that drinking alcohol is prohibited there's changes my decided to remain a christian so alike to everybody in every part. this global world of ours i enjoy your fasting i mean enjoy good for the mind and of course enjoy the festival of eid so i like to wish everybody happy ramadan ramadan will be fired and of course happy even fit that when the asika thank you very much thank you so much world shape of over fifty years has been entered by a nice person who was the first female moose a member of the house of parliament. find a sit in welcome to alex i'm sure it's lovely to have you on now you are the first woman muslim appear in the house of lords and it's been twenty years i think center for center the house of lords what's it like. thank you very much is a real you know a real pleasure to be here real g

i think central asia is extremely important i don't want to d. and present that but i think central asian hisself won't move the needle when you look at pacific when you look at europe saw economically i do see the rationale for china russia and germany not to form a lines but to create more synergy economically this is the chinese leaders perspective precisely because these two french gentleman have been arguing against each other china chinese leaders nothing they only take germany seriously europe hate to see this. germany has a strong interest very strong in the west say to gain you to drag you through history you do a lot of. set we should come back to a leadership role in europe. russia back in a western orientation we have no interest at all said russia is moving east this is not in our interest but you has it's not have not shows that yes you have to choose . we had to make absolute matters o.c.d. like nation ukraine that life is not black and white i believe we'll i think there's a man in the white house yes well yes but for. charlie but

kiarat: in terms of eurasia and central asia, kazakhstan is more than 50% of gdp of central asia.nd reformed economy since we got independence. we believe we are now closer to that kind of latest things like new financial landscapes. we would like to create the new financial services industry which can cover the entire region. tom: governor, thank you so much for joining us today. kiarat kelimbetov. francine? francine: we are getting some breaking news from lloyd's of london. this is the insurance group here in london, and the chief executive is due to leave in 2019. we understand she could leave by the end of this year or the beginning of next year. lloyd's of london putting out a statement after a report was leaked, saying she could leave and lloyd's of london saying the search or her successor is underway. eye on keep a very close any developments and we will bring them to you. this is bloomberg. ♪ ♪ tom: good morning, bloomberg "surveillance." thank you for the comments this morning on our coverage of spacex. that was really very -- we are getting good at it. francine: are we?

how is the administration building relationships with central asia countries to reduce our dependence on pakistan? >> we've had excellent relations. a long-standing efforts to create a network that helps support our military efforts. we had a visit of the kazakhstan president last year. both leaders are important not only in providing the kind of support for the northern distribution network but i'm putting afghanistan back into the region. when president connie went there was in december. he said afghanistan is a central asian network. says we engage we very much are supporting their efforts to proactively increase trade and give afghanistan options as it builds up the economy. >> how to u.s. and russia relations affect the feasibility of the northern supply line? >> the northern distribution network has operated successfully continues to operate successfully. i argue more generally that russia has important interesting concerns in afghanistan and said important role to play to help stabilize afghanistan. we would like to see russia do more to provide the assistance to the government

epidemi in eastern europe and central asia. over 80% of new infections in the region occur here. it's one of the few places in the world where the epidemic continues to get dramatically worse. of the estimated one million russians who are infected, only a third are getting antiretroviral treatment. >> i would say, in short, they, they did it all wrong. >> brangham: mhel kazatchkine was head of the global fund from 2007 to 2012. al russia's economy grew, russian officis told the fund they didn't need any more help.e >> and they beefensive, and, and said, "okay, we will do nthings ourselves now, fr." so, they said, "first we don't want the global fund anymore. wean manage ourselves. we will set up our own strategy?" uh, and that's where they basically closed everything. >> brangham: kazatchkine is now the u.n. secretary general's special envoy for h.i.s in this region. isited a gay film festiv with him in st. petersburg. gay and bisexual men are anoth key driver of h.i.v., and another population kazatchkine ruys russia is ignoring he says ssia's rejection of so many proven preventi

. >> i was born in central asia kurdistan and lived a little in russia while my mom was here and movedere at 17 spoke no english became a waitress at a japanese restaurant, is how i learned english. my first word was cucumber, if you can believe that very special, and i applied to wellesley college, and an amazing place to really find myself the slogan was women who will make a difference, and then went to wall street and worked at goldman sachs. >> reporter: obviously took the message to heart thrilled to hear your story. thank you for joining us. >> thank you for having me. >>> folks, up next, "on the money," millennials grew up during the financial crisis. ten years later, what money choices are they making as adults later in the program, what to buy in july. the best bargain deals and where you can find them. , does your house still smell stuffy? that's because your home is filled with soft surfaces that trap odors and release them back into the room. so, try febreze fabric refresher. febreze finds odors trapped in fabrics and cleans them away as it dries. use febreze every time yo

they are the ones who picked up the pieces and they are pushing in central asia, the middle east, africa, and latin america more and more. i think that we need to understand what that is doing to us. i do think the hard part, you and i talked about this, it is wonderful to have leaders from all over the united states. how do you explain foreign policy to people? i have made it my mission, and it was when i was secretary, to make foreign-policy less hard. i have traveled into classrooms. what is interesting is mostly in our classroom the maps are these flat maps with the western peninsula in the middle with a couple flaps on either side. i would always ask the teachers to bring in a globe and show that most of the people live on the other side of the globe. most recently -- and i do want to spend time talking about the private sector, but i was at a starbucks. they had this whole thing of tasting coffee every day. you would think it was fine wine. they make you inhale it and slurp it, and they talk about where their copy comes from. on that particular day the coffee was from the democrati

i think central asia is extremely important i don't want to d. and present that but i think central asian hisself won't move the needle when you look at pacific we're looking at europe saw economically i do see the rationale for china russia and germany not to form a lines but to create more synergy economically this is the chinese leaders perspective precisely because these two french gentleman have been arguing against each other chinese leaders nothing they only take germany seriously your. hate to see this but i believe germany has a strong interest very strong in the west who say to gauge you to drag you through history you do a lot of. set we should come back to a leadership role in europe russia. western orientation we have no interest at all said russia is moving east this is not in our interest but you has it's not have not shows that yes you have to choose yes you can. go we had to make absolute matters ot like nation ukraine that life is not black and white i believe we'll i think there's a man in the white house yes well yes but for. c

ing were heads of state from across central asia focused on security concerns. on the sidelines of the eting, russian president vladimir pun d iranian president hassan rouhani discussed the iranian nuclear deal after the withdrawal of the u.s. last month. russia, china, and european partners are still part of the agreement, which loosened sanctions in exchange for placing limits on nuclear fuel oduction. in afghanistan today the taliban announced a three-day cease-fire set to take place during the muslim holiday of eid-al-fitr later this month. afghan government officials welcomed the unprecedented move which comes just two days after president ashraf ghani announced a week-lon taliban during the holiday. the taliban cease-fire specifically excludes foreign forces. the festival me eid al-fitr at the end of ramadan and is celebrated with family gatheringseasting. high temperatures and dry conditions in the west are helping to spread wildfires. firefighters in southwestern colorado are battlg a blaze that grew 40% larger in one day, forcing a total of 1,500 homes

how is the administration building relationships with central asia countries to reduce our dependence on pakistan? >> we've had excellent relations. a long-standing efforts to create a network that helps support our military efforts. we had a visit of the kazakhstan president last year. both leaders are important not only in providing the kind of support for the northern distribution network but i'm putting afghanistan back into the region. when president connie went there was in december. he said afghanistan is a central asian network. says we engage we very much are supporting their efforts to proactively increase trade and give afghanistan options as it builds up the economy. >> how to u.s. and russia relations affect the feasibility of the northern supply line? >> the northern distribution network has operated successfully continues to operate successfully. i argue more generally that russia has important interesting concerns in afghanistan and said important role to play to help stabilize afghanistan. we would like to see russia do more to provide the assistance to the government

invite to a conference at our university in los angeles she knows the caucuses as well as russia central asia she knows trade and oil with economic issues i have and she's balance straight she's not an idealogue she isn't hate anyone can she have a real impact on a policy i don't know i hope that she's working quietly within the system and in tandem let's say with people like our new ambassador here in moscow jon huntsman was also known as a moderate a sensible person and don't forget he has experience in business international trade he's been in china and other foreign postings my hope is that over time people like hudson and hill will move this administration in a pragmatic direction but then we watched the revolving door in the white house at the n.s.c. and i don't know. when it comes to russia and people in iran it does seem like the politicians pull to. blake they have a longer view of relations with the united states what i mean is russia scenario switch try to be friends with the guys in the ninety's and they were trying to be friends with the after nine eleven but then them americans

relaxation as well the summit is continuing meetings to be taking place with the leaders of course of central asia pakistan as well all that yet to come throughout the day and appreciate to morrow as well give you the full updates of course any key moments as they happen as they come in and looking forward to your continued coverage down there from china for the remainder of this weekend john hawkins life thank you. card thank you for joining us here in austin international we are back soon at the top of the hour with more of your top stories. what politicians do you should. put themselves on the line. they get accepted or rejected. so when you want to be president. some want to press. you to go right to press for survival for real people. i'm interested in the. question. you know world is a big part of the lot and conspiracy it's time to wake up to dig deeper to hit the stories that mainstream media refuses to tell more than ever we need to be smarter we need to stop slamming the door. and shouting past each other it's time for critical thinking it's time to fight for the middle for the troops th

invite to a conference at our university in los angeles she knows the caucuses as well as russia central asia she knows trade and oil with economic issues i have and she's balanced right she's not an idealogue she isn't hate anyone can she have a real impact on a policy i don't know i hope that she's working quietly within the system and in tandem let's say with people like our new abass that are here in moscow jon huntsman was also known as a moderate a sensible person and don't forget he has experience in business international trade he's been in china and other foreign postings my hope is that over time people like hudson and hill will move this administration in a pragmatic direction but then we watch the revolving door in the white house at the n.s.c. and i don't know. when it comes to russia and people in iran it does seem like the politicians pull to. blake they have a longer view of relations with the united states what i mean is russia scenario which try to be friends with the guys in the ninety's and they were trying to be friends with the after nine eleven but then them americans b

regions such as central asia and the middle east and africa the us should participate fully in all ought to instead of turning its back on it ok we'll leave the discussion political analyst caught by a frost thanks for coming on to the program. a group of french bushes all demanding a police protection timing they become a terror target at the hands of activists they cute animal rights campaign is a vandalizing shops across the country and spreading fear among this. so i came here in the morning to within the shop and get clearance and i saw the window had been smashed in the first i thought it was more wrong but then i saw the writing and realized by. the first this is the sound suspicious is specious is mysterious and human. and unless. i said that but you know now they're attacking the buildings who are they going to target next the people who work there and if the police do not protect us things could escalate but now it's the things we're going to deny some point that searches are good and beauty and then we could get serious. news and world cup highlight tale a lot international i'

invite to a conference at our university in los angeles she knows the caucasus as well as russia central asia she knows trade and oil of economic issues i have and she's balanced right she's not an idealogue she isn't hate anyone can she have a real impact on a policy i don't know i hope that she's working quietly within the system and in tandem let's say with people like our new ambassador here in moscow jon huntsman was also known as a moderate a sensible person and don't forget he has experience in business international trade he's been in china and other foreign postings my hope is that over time people like hudson and hill will move this administration in a pragmatic direction but then we watched the revolving door in the white house at the n.s.c. and i don't know. when it comes to russia and people in russia it does seem like the politicians to public they have a longer view of relations with the united states what i mean is russia scenario switch try to be friends with the guys in the ninety's and they were trying to be friends with the after nine eleven but then the americans broke th

when we left tpp, they're the ones that picked up the pieces, but they also are pushing in central asia, in the middle east, and in africa and in latin america more and more. so i think that we need to understand what that is doing to us. i do think the hard part, and you and i talked about this and it's wonderful to have leaders from all over the united states, and your appleton, wisconsin, story is very important. how do you explain foreign policy to people? i have made it my mission, and it was when i was secretary to make foreign policy less foreign. i had travels with madeline. i would actually go into classrooms. what's interesting is our -- mostly in our classrooms, these maps are flat maps with the western peninsula in the middle with a couple flaps on either side. i would always ask the teachers to bring in a globe and show that most of the people live on the other side of the globe. so any number of things. so mideaost recently i have to say -- and i do want to spend some time talking about the private sector in all of this. but i was at a starbucks. they have this whole thing

to wish all you have yours and don't forget there are over a billion muslims in this country in central asia and russia even though a lot of muslims even at one time desire actually told to becoming a muslim i don't know whether you know the story but he said we don't know when you found out that drinking alcohol is poor him it did there's a change his mind and decided remain a christian so alike to everybody in every part of. this global world of joy you're fostering i mean i enjoy good for the mind and of course enjoy the festival of heat so i like to wish everybody happy ramadan ramadan and of course happy either fit or when the soccer thank you very much thank you so much. about over who's been unfairly violinist who is the first female muslim member of the house of parliament. find a sit in welcome to alex i'm sure it's lovely to have you all now you are the first woman muslim here and the house of lords and it's been twenty years i think center for center the house of lords was like. thank you very much is a real you know a real pleasure to be here real good to see you if you'd asked m

invite to a conference at our university in los angeles she knows the caucasus as well as russia central asia she knows trade and oil with economic issues i have and she's balance straight she's not an idealogue she isn't hate anyone can she have a real impact on a policy i don't know i hope that she's working quietly within the system and in tandem let's say with people like our new ambassador here in moscow jon huntsman was also known as a moderate a sensible person and don't forget he has experience in business international trade he's been in china and other foreign postings my hope is that over time people like hudson and hill will move this administration in a pragmatic direction but then we watched the revolving door in the white house at the n.s.c. and i don't know. when it comes to russia and people in your.

if is south-central asia there's about 400 miles between that.to get to afghanistan by land they have to drive through pakistan into afghanistan. incredibly long and expensive. the country the size of texas which if you've ever driven across texas, you know it is that. that's how it became a clichÉ. also they have dozens like california and like colorado. >> so these are more things that make the mission incredibly difficult for the americans to be able to have their way. another problem, just to the east, that eastern border of afghanistan is drawn by an agent of the british empire in order to attempt to divide the tribes from themselves in the first place in the 19th century. it has worked to a degree keeping factions apart and goes to show that there's an incredible kinship and much like in the vietnam war the afghan taliban have long had safe haven in pakistan, especially in southern afghanistan. so, you might wonder if the pakistanis are our friends and they promise we would bomb them back to the stone ages, they are our allies and we even h

general just a good ten issues to forge international and regional cooperation in the region such as central asia and the middle east and africa and the us should participate fully and all heartedly instead of turning its back on it. i believe the discussion political analyst cut by a frosty our thanks for coming on to the program. a group of french pushers are demanding a place protection claiming they've become a terror target at the hands of activists they cute animal rights campaigners are vandalizing shops across the country and spreading fear among lepers. don't leave so i came here when to have them the shark and get it cleared and i saw the window had been smashed and recessed so to trust randomness my robbery but then i saw the writing and realised it was the.

they've shown the ability in the initiative in central asia, and other policy for moscow. succumso, if anyone can work th, i think that those have shown significant difference to one another to work out large issues. >> i was going to ask if you could talk about the military operations. >> it is more fragile than ours when we were doing research for this report we tried to track the status of the various satellite constellations. i didn't realize that off until 2015 they didn't have much which is frightening because they only had the land-based ballistic missile warning that they have since recovered. it is playing an increasing percentage. the importance is growing as a percentage. some of the newest weapons again it is far less fragile so they have a bit of work to do and there is an opportunity to invest heavily in you ar your tt away from other programs so i think we will learn something if they were to change their plans with going to be the opportunity cost of a. i have a question about how the nonuniform contract forces are integratewereintegrated into thn command s

who died in syria but that is a noble cause and thousands of militants that come from russia and central asia companies and we have controlled borders left they were out in syria and it's best to destroy them in syria and find them he here. we also help to stabilize the situation in syria to save their army and government who control territories where 90% of people live. large-scale common operations involving russian forces and they are no longer used so the situation has moved to the political stage and that is what we have been working on and our military is outve there and they have two bases in one [inaudible] and the other is the other airbase and it's a treaty we signed with the syrian government so it is all legitimate i and in line with international law. our military are there to protect the interest of russia's interest in a vital region of the world and they will stay there as long as it's beneficial for russia. again, they are there in line with our international obligations so we're not planning to withdraw our russian units but again i would not call them permanent basis. these

opportunity to expand its inmates meant to see you know peaceful investment into the first of all central asia ok can i get out say thank you well that g. seven summit that we touched on ended with an escalating round between the u.s. and canada after leaving the meeting early for his trip to singapore don't trump withdrew his backing of a joint communique signed by the group's leaders he blamed it on what he called weak and dishonest statements from the canadian prime minister john hendren has more from quebec city the g. seven summit in canada began in crisis in ended in conflict u.s. president donald trump came late left early and ceded no ground as united states has been taken advantage of for decades and decades and we can't do that anymore i can gradually the leaders of other countries for so. crazily being able to make these trade deals that was so good for their country and so bad for the united states neither did the six other world leaders of the g. seven summit they were united in opposing trump's tariffs on steel and aluminum a move they say is likely to spark a trade war after tru

battles, and wars waged between the british and russian empires to gain dominance and control over central asia. included fighting in afghanistan, around the caspian sea, and in and around modern-day iran. the great game was more about a way of thinking and behaving with respect to power politics and international relations than endeavor.ilitary the military was the tip of a spear that was wielded and used in its entirety. in this great game, the two main participants were britain and russia, but the ottoman empire also played a critical role. both of the other two empires , the used, or tried to use ottomans as upon in their game, to be sacrificed in order to gain positional advantage and maintain control. in this editorial cartoon, you see the british lion questioning the russian bear about his current abuse of persia, which was a common area of conflict in this game. this is a point of interest about why this matters. ways an in many extension of the great game, with the united states replacing great britain as one of the two premium -- primary fighters. for people in the middle east, this i

on the steps work of central europe and central asia? it doesn't work that way.richardhis book florida, i think, where turns out that people in the kind of creative craft like to live amongst each other. they like to go to the theater and aggregate together. of course, it's not going to be a world of automatons. there will be creation and, by the way, even though those lines of code have to be written, it's not going to be latin. the people who create and come together and engage are going to want to aggregate together. new york has had quite a head start on aggregating together. people who are like that and who have this infrastructure that attends -- that tends to attract more people like that, they tend to attract each other and i tend not to worry about new york as long as they don't keep making it so very expensive to be here versus other very, very attractive places. >> if you became mayor, you could solve that problem. [laughter] lloyd: if i advocated moving out of new york, it would really hurt my chances. [laughter] >> lloyd blankfein, thank you very muc

from a finger bone from central asia, from siberia, thathey thought was a modern human. bheut when they sequenced d.n.a., it was from a population that was neither neanderthal nor modern human. so this was an incredible velation to all of us. >> reporter: that suggests that there are still yet to be fo other kinds of archaic humans? >> that's right. you know, i think we're alone on the planet now, but 50,000 years ago, it would have been much likthe scene in "star wars," with many, many different humans, all similar to each other and comprehensible to each other in some ways. many of them as big-brained as us, but much more different from each other than people who live today. >> reporter: phaps the biggest surprise in the ancient d.n.a. reearch, though, is in mor recent human history. we may think mass migration and mixing of cultures is a modern phenomenon, but it turns out to be the story of our species-- we've always moved and always mixed. >> the idea that human populations today might correspond to age-old separations, tens of thousands of years old, that have exis