climate change is here. we are not debating whether or not we should have climate change anymore. we now have it. and the impacts on mitigated climate change are beginning to show up. the mayor was talking about the ways it impacts a functional city and you pointed out how it showing up in financial markets. importantly, it showing up in insurance rates, as mr. jones highlighted, and that is causing people to make different decisions. now, there has been a growing recognition of wall street, and it is showing up in bond prices and will show up in other asset classes as well. there is a big difference between the impact showing up versus policy sending a clear signal, which would also affect markets. that would affect markets in different ways. it would reduce in missions -- emissions that are occurring, whereas the prices you are pointing to are all more sending signals for how people should adapt to climate change and treat it as if it cannot be changed, but sending a price signal would also affect financial markets, and will be very, very powerful at reducing the amounts of clim

and then we can compare things such as elevation change and thickness change. ice was like a0 or 50 years ago to what's happening now, have there been any surprises in this data? 0h, always. i mean, in some ways, things haven't changed in some places, and in other areas, things have changed much more than we expected. for example, there are channels on the underside of some of the floating margins of the ice sheet, we call these floating ice shelves, that, in fact, have stayed in the same position and about the same size through the whole a0 to 50—year period. and that's interesting because it shows in those cases the lack of change. and there are other areas where we compare modern thickness with the thickness 30 or a0 years ago, and there we see changes of over 100 metres. so what this suggests is that some parts of the antarctic, as one might expect, are actually more sensitive and some are less sensitive to external climatic stimuli. thank you so much forjoining us. and for talking us through some of the really fascinating and important work that's going on

federal government in a landmark climate change case for their inaction on climate change what would winning this case in a court of law actually achieve in concrete practical terms what would change if you won. so it's been wildly been pushing this case through it since it has a trial for 4 years now. the demand what we are asking is that the courts enforce a. prescription for a climate recovery plan to be implemented a national level to reverse the climate crisis to the point to remove carbon the atmosphere to the point of returning back to the $350.00 parts per 1000000 of c o 2 in the atmosphere so it would be a very long procedure in process of working with the courts to enforce the climate recovery plan that would be drawn up by a team of the world's leading climatologists in climate scientists. to restore the balance of the atmospheric composition so that would be that i mean everything from changing energy infrastructure to massive reforestation and carbon sequestration you fall another lawsuit when you're only 13 years old against the fracking industry in your home state of c

the ambitions the people who want to change things away from where they needed to change things then i'm not you know. saying that we shouldn't take in refugees who come from for instance like syria but i am saying that we need to do much more. to enable them to combat climate change and adapt to climate change where they are and that includes by the way getting rid of or helping them get rid of the corrupt governments which don't do anything for them neither in the in the field of of vaccination against diseases nor in the field of of helping them deal with drought nor in the fear of democrat as ation you know who simply take away the world for them. as it's a complex problem you're not going to help the africans deal with climate change unless you help them get democracies that there will can be imposed on their corrupt leaders let me just ask you one thing about democracy because your opening statement said that we need to preserve democracy and the promise of a good life at the same time that we're fighting. climate the climate crisis so migration is inevitable indeed we need to

but things are changing.xing day's weather and we will see some rain returning from the west. before that happens, fog still potentially causing problems in the central, eastern and northern parts of england, southern scotland as well. certainly through the evening hours it could be quite dense. but it will lift after midnight because we will have more cloud rolling in from the west and that brings some outbreaks of rain into northern ireland, west wales, south—west england and the winds picking up here as well. but turning milder by the end of the night, 7 degrees in belfast, for example. further north in scotland, there will still be a touch of frost for some but for many the big weather story on boxing day is this frontal system working its way eastwards, bringing rain at times. but not all the time. this band of rain pushing out of northern ireland quite early in the morning, moving out of wales as well, pushing eastwards across england into southern scotland. a bit of snow might mix in over the very high

the finding is changes of mortality rates due to temperature changes alone will lead to a social cost of $24 per metric ton of co2. in context that $24 is ten times larger than the obama number of the mortality cost. in fact it's half of the entire obama estimate and three times larger than the trump administration's entire cost of carbon. number three while estimating climate damages and subject to uncertainty with climate models had estimations this actually strengthens the case. economics reveal that people show a propensity toward risk aversion the entire industry of insurance depends on the idea that people dislike risk they're willing to pay a premium and for this reason us governments estimate social cost of carbon under all administration is likely to low. what to do? given the scale of the climate challenge and the urgent need of resources for other societal challenges with those cheapest reductions both in today and in the future. the surest way to achieve reductions is to price with a carbon tax while implementing a cap and trade program. at the right level these pricing ap

irreversible climate change. looking after the soil and seeing its potential for combating climate change is at the heart of what happens a few kilometers away blind camel and contribute to this organic balm success. being created. for materials like grass. and. it is biologically active with millions of microorganisms working to fill the life of the foil here they aim to be carbon neutral but planned to be carbon negative and everything that's grown goes into the local markets. by managing the farmlands of the world you can bring carbon into a situation where it is stable within the saw oil and that will help the future not only for climate change per se but also for food production farming wherever in the world has always been tough but a changing climate makes it even more challenging some farmers believe the answer lies in overhauling current industrialized farming techniques and embracing practices that both draw from and nurture the land emma he would al-jazeera in the west of wales but plan it s.o.s. well

pronged attack on climate change i agree with. the viewer who talked about corporate power i've spent a lot of my life biding against you know people in charge to make this economy and this world run on oil i think that's critical and essential i think that having one fewer child though is like i said a choice you can make one time instead of having a kid and then thinking 24 hours of your day has to be focused on oh should i make sure to not use plastic should i make sure to watch your should i make sure to do this and that that can take up all of your time and actually divert from taking meaningful political action so i think it's actually easier to say i'm going to have one fewer kid or maybe just one kid and i'm going to spend that extra time actually fighting for bigger changes that we absolutely need to have so yes i think that graphic is a really important way of showing that you can make one powerful decision that has a huge impact especially if you're a wealthy person living in the global north and that you can do that on

we understood in ii, seven years ago, that climate change is not coming, climate change is here.t the rest of the world to do anything for our sake. we need to try to do our best, and take this into our own hands. they believe the key is early education. this primary school has 100 children aged 7—12 years old. in all schools across town, older kids mentor younger kids about climate change. so, in our school, we do something very similar. 15—year—old kia is one of the mentors. i have gone to great help to younger children to do the better choices and help the environment. they are doing so well already. it's sofia and 0tto's job to check if the classrooms have the right temperature and lighting levels. there is going on big climate crisis. and we have to work together to stop climate change and help the environment. many of you may think, what can one human do? well, actually, the small, better choices that we make to switch off the lights, that's probably the easiest thing you can do. when you combine them all together, it really makes a big change. all schools in ii get back 50

we want to change that.e have to be there at the table , saying to the african governments, don't take the power plant, take the solar panels and we will subsidize them to a degree that is a no-brainer. [applause] we subsidize exports all the time, but we are not at the table with african governments. that is where we need to go. you have to get our 15% under control and then export technologies as quickly and cheaply as possible. enter, -- mr. hogg: andrew, thank you. i'm going to hand the microphone off to tosha. >> i'm going to introduce the next question. [applause] >> high i'm a junior at kennedy high school. your climateng if change policies extend to other candidates? -- compared to other candidates? mr. yang: i don't pertain that government is going to be able to get it all right. i am much more aggressive in terms of the international sources of emissions. a lot of the other plans talk about giving -- getting ourselves under control. this is a common american take. we are the center of the world. we

it primary finding is that change the mortality rate due to temperature changes along will lead to a social cost of $24 for metric ton -- per metric ton private $24 for the social cost of carbon is 10 times larger than what the obama number had as a mortality cost. it is almost half of the entire mortality estimate. timesthree times to 20 larger than the cost of carbon. number three, while estimating tomate damages is subject uncertainty with climate models and estimation, this uncertainty strengthens the case for reducing emissions. economics and casual observation revealed that people show a propensity for risk aversion. my fellow witnesses entire industry and insurance depends on the idea that people dislike risk. they are willing to pay prima to avoid uncertain outcomes. for this reason, the u.s. governments cost of carbon failed to account for this risk aversion is like too low. what to do? given the scale of the climate challenge is the urgent need for resources to address other pressing societal challenges. it is critical that policy delivers the cheapest reductions in co2 emi

with a do without things to help stop climate change. would you be ok with not going to holidays far away because of the climate change would your view on the not buying as much and also as i do i would die one day and i want to experience the world so . you somewhere when you enter a plane that you are ashamed by being like using it because of all the pollution i'm not ashamed i'm not i want to be honest i'm not ashamed i'm looking forward to my vacation i'm thinking oh i'm going to my vacation i'm away from stress and bad things and i want to go there and have 9 staycation so yeah that's what all people think. right i don't want to live but let's find it. so the camera didn't exactly have the desired effect. but what can i say i'm no different even though i ought to know better. if it's it would help if i'm up on holiday myself now inclined to corsica fungibility yes i'm flying my family and i could have taken the car which would have been quite so bad for the environment. but i'm flying because of the spill i just don't have the time

here how geo engineering could be used to curtail climate change. see what happens when permafrost is lost along coastlines and we talk to climate experts suzanne enough that. this is be with us through our trip we have with the climate zones the season 2 physicists and the scientific director of this exhibition never thank you for being with. us and do we need such a climate. where you know climate and climate change is talked about everywhere. but tell years ago. it wasn't in the media markets and we wanted to raise awareness for this important topic. now we've been talking about climate change for the last 30 years there's just something we can learn you know for example here. we so people in the from climate zones how they have adapted so they are reaching their climate else how they are affected by climate saying it's ok thank you for now you see in just a bit. the 1st stop on their excursion is nice air in africa. you really want any thing around 35 degrees or something but you know what in summer in niger it can get until 48 degrees in the sh

what has changed? warren: i talked about what i talked about on the first day i got in the race, corruption in the system and what it takes to be donald trump. we have to be willing to take that corruption had on. we have to be willing to draw contrasts between the most corrupt administration in modern and democratic candidate -- and a democratic plan who has a serious plant to break up the influence of money in washington and get laws passed that are not just there to help the wealthy and well-connected, but there to help everyone. >> thank you. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2019] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] in -- >> the's week on c-span's newsmakers, congressman max -- mac thornberry from texas talks about the space force as part of a bill known as the defense authorization act. it just passed in the house and is expected to be voted on in the senate in coming days. watch

one because of my projects is the illingworth the adaptation of climate change. with the adaptation of plan a change in the communities of mining we're doing it in front of communities which is more than 5 percent of all money and we had supporting it with. with strategies a lot of guidance on the national net reaching a doctor level and with the development planning and already many many other communities in money of copying of copying our methods and all that so give us some examples give us some examples what are your thoughts on this is. the methods of the forestry. managers for climate smarts. the road. of protection hurting renewable energy is like many grits and also all. those which end using them as wood and how is it being received by the people in this busy area you receive very well by the people and the people saw how they could really get much in our outcome and how they clicked with their lightening it certainly did that up their lives in the village how they learn in the evening when they hit the villages were lighted how they could keep the. food

get those are big changes and most start with small steps . to do is tell stories of creative people and innovative projects around the world would like to use the term could be used drainage solutions and resources should. come into interactive content teaching the next generation because fundamental to check should. be using all channels available to people to take action and were determined to build something here for the next generation the idea is for the environment series of global 3000. on. this new news africa coming up on the program know and insights to zimbabwe's health crisis the public dr strikes dr song best food piece friends over on chess hospitals. on the wall in the in the molly shrinks dramatically really just depend on it for the alive little tried to save it from drying out completely . and you welcome to the program it's been 3 months already and zimbabwe's public doctors are still on strike with no end in sight desperate patients are flocking to mission hospitals the current mission hospital in mt da in the north is see

climate change is not one problem climate change. lot of problems that are intertwined and our data approach helps us actually untangle this complexity we use the data to pinpoint exactly the locations and the types of issues that happen around the world that need to be immediately added on to. the berlin based startup analyzes data from research institutions around the. world. based on its findings plan a contact individuals companies and community groups in the affected areas worldwide. they publicize their project and allow users to help fund them. data analysis can help to identify and address environmental problems more quickly. litter base is an online database that's open to everyone graphics show the results of more than a 1000 scientific studies on marine pollution. on a world map it's easy to see where research expeditions have already taken place. the latest results from the worldwide scientific community are regularly fed into the database. the aim is to make the global issue of marine pollution more accessible and easily

but things change and punctuation changes with them. punctuation's just a convenience.as ten, 11, 12, i remember my teacher getting extremely focused on trying to get me to understand ‘its' and ‘it‘s', but do we need to learn that, do we need the apostrophe? it depends on the situation. we need to not get too exercised on what we think are mistakes. correcting mistakes, going around with a marker and fixing public signs doesn't seem to do much good, and it is probably illegal and you could get nicked for vandalism if you do it too blatantly. it is not going to change whoever made the signs. they are going to go on doing whatever it is they do. observing standard punctuation is useful in careful, edited prose when it's being published, but even there you have variation. do you use an oxford comma, do you not? opinions vary. one suggestion might be that the comma might be in danger or is changing profoundly. what do you think about that? if the communication works then the punctuation is secondary. when people first started to write 5,000 or more years ago, there was no p

if you factor in the cost of climate change, how much this climate change cost, do you think?> trillions. mr. yang: multiple trillions of dollars as well as thousands of american lives, maybe tens of thousands over time. so it is very expensive to do nothing. manufacturer and do you make things that even contribute marginally to climate change, right now that cost is being borne by all of us, not the individual manufacturer. build the cost of climate change into your for those who are progrowth and try to create jobs and moving our country forward in terms of our options with energy and renewable resources. debatey of you saw the in detroit three days ago? when i talkedr about climate change? and issue number two is that climate change is a hoax and we don't have to worry about it. of those ads are bought and paid for by the fossil fuel industry. and then my new position is worse than you think. we are 20 years behind on climate change and here is the top top truth. the united states is only 15% on global emissions so even if we were to get 20 very very quickly what would happ

this climate change conference in 2095 year 2900 being the year of. right around the world but it's 2020 when the president really comes to facts and always comes into focus. this is talk about providing a springboard for next year's crucial climate summit in glasgow where national commitments to cut emissions must match the science otherwise many believe we face runaway climate change but the divisions there are huge there's this absolute disconnect between the 2 the 1st is that he ality of the outside the reality of climate impacts that i don't think there's a single country that can sit here and not say that there's been huge impacts. and then also that he ality of the science. the science has been extremely clear about what needs to be done and this is just and you know a complete disconnect between those realities and this reality inside the venue and we need to civil society movement. and hold our governments accountable and already be in a position to ensure that there are consequences for the in action because really talking about survival. th

our goal is to not make big changes. i think what tom had as the proposed amendment is a workable solution. >> did you have something, commissioner johnson? did you want to say something? >> just so it might be helpful to see the code section again. i don't know if the over head will show this. the description earlier would change the language here to read or neighborhood commercial street or commercial three ways as defined in the better plan. that is what we are talking about right now. >> that sounded reasonable to me, and i would be supportive of the change. let me add for the public commenter who came to e to tells they were changing the law, this is a first step in proposing to the board of supervisors that the ordinance be changed. we don't have the power to change it. we recommend this happens. there will be legislation at the board of supervisors if they think it is a good idea. other than that i will be supportive of this code plan. >> commissioner koppel. >> motion to approve with the modifications stated and

catastrophic bushfires in australia reignited the debate over climate change with the government accused of not doing enough why was 20191 of the worst years on record globally for wife eyes and is there the political will to find a solution this is inside story. hello and welcome to the program back to people bushfire is a common during the summer in australia but firefighters are calling this year's conditions catastrophic at least 8 people have been killed since september including 2 firefighters who died on thursday when their truck was hit by a falling tree with a more than 100 fires burning the government in the most populous state of new south wales has declared a state of emergency a heat wave and strong winds are making things worse australia recorded its 2 hottest days ever this week with the average temperature on wednesday hitting 41 points 9 degrees celsius a senior meteorologist rob mccallum explains what's made the situation so bad. so why is the fire season so much worse this year were cause the main cause is the drought has been long lasting the causes of the drought act

so we want to change that.e have to be there at the table and say to the african thernments, don't take call-burning power plant, take these solar panels and we will subsidize it to a degree. [applause] we subsidize exports all the time, but we are not at that table with african governments. that is where we need to go. we get our own 15% under control and then we export renewable technology as cheaply as possible. >> andrew, thank you for that answer to my question. i think the students have the questions. i will hand the microphone off to tosha. i will introduce our next questioner. >> i'm a junior at kennedy high school. i'm wondering if you could speak to how your climate change policy compares to other candidates. mr. yang: thank you. my climate change policies are different in three ways. number one, i don't pretend my government is going to get it i put economic resources in the hands of families so you can make your homes more resilient and protect yourselves. number two, i'm much more aggressive in ter

so climate change is a very important issue that we can continue to tackle, and tackling climate changeion greater than occurred in world war ii, as far as we're concerned. a fight to the death, some of your colleagues are calling it. what hope do you have, what realistic hope do you think you have, of something from the richer nations that will really make a difference? well, you know, this fight is a fight that we are dealing with it on a real basis. it's an existential threat. so we take climate change very seriously. cop 25 is the final cop before the defining year of 2020, as you know, and many nations must submit their climate action plans. and, among many elements we need to be ironed out is the financing of climate worldwide. and this is what we're asking because we have a very low, near—nilfootprint. in terms of our footprint, we don't have any. so that's why we are demanding bigger countries like the united states and china to come on board and be the champions in fighting climate change. and of course, the argument is that the poorest countries, the smallest countries, the lo

on climate change. welcome to the stream which you decide not to have children to save the planet that is the tough choice many people are considering as the global climate where since my family ok i'm really good how are your family planning decisions influenced by the impact of climate change are they tell us through twitter and you tube. financial health and religious considerations often light the hearts of one's decision on raising a family but amid increasing severe weather events many people are deciding not to have children mainly due to climate change supporters of groups such as birth strike and conceivable future are limiting the number of children they have in the absence of immediate and effective global action to tackle the climate emergency un warns we only have until 2030 to keep global warming below a point where entire ecosystems will be lost but that task is complicated by rising carbon emissions from a global population that will hit nearly 10000000000 by 2050 for a deeper look at th

in practice, climate change is not important. green leaders and voices that do not see tackling climate change as an obstacle to economic growth, an obstacle to the creation ofjobs, and so on. tackling climate change can also create lots of very good opportunities for sustainable development. it can create different types ofjobs as well. you hear the different types of conversations taking place between green economists, but this is happening at the margins. we are stuck in a very old—fashioned mindset. why don't we have a global leader that can articulate this narrative that can articulate this narrative that a green agenda is good for us? pope francis coming out the way he did to make a statement about it. individual governments to act is where the difficulty lies. particularly the two biggest polluters, the us and china. i've been trying to rack my brain and think of any other issue in my lifetime which is of longest consequence and plays out over such a long period, but is held hostage to the short term politics, and the unav

papers on climate change also teach climate change in their course work. maybe we should spend a week here in the senate getting a refresher on the home state climate change science. it might do us some good. but we don't. we waste week after week here. as the danger looms, the warnings pile up, and the research keeps coming about climate change in our home states. we, mr. president, will be the most clearly warned body in history of disaster ahead, and yet we still sit here doing nothing. never has a political body been more clearly warned of a more present looming disaster than this one, and yet still nothing. the council's report on state university climate research has these web diagrams, which show how climate change research focuses more on climate effects as they begin to manifest themselves in the state, not just predictions and science any longer. now it's measurement of actual events. but the diagrams also show the various areas of research about which these research papers are being published. so here's the web diagram for the topics that are ad

, economics changes, issues change, we need a fair system for today. and i think that kind of message, like a lot of the reforms that i have talked about will really resonate powerfully. and i think that could be really bipartisan, i don't think that has to be a partisan issue. >> (inaudible) is from around 1800, if you think about what the original founders wanted -- >> this was written more recently. >> okay, but i'm just going to point out that when we referred to what the founders wanted or what the original goal of holding back a mob, or what have you, there are 40 years of additional things that happened after the founders said there were. winner take all elections, and we have enfranchisement, the freeing of slaves, women getting the vote, all of these things have happened. and the electoral college idea with these duties in wigs discussing how democracy ought to work, there's a lot of overlay on top of that and it is a mistake to imagine that somehow -- i hate to burst the bubble here, but we don't have a deliberate electoral college at the mom

we can make change. change that will touch lives of millions of people. change that will help families build some real security and help their children enjoy more opportunities and change that will strengthen our economy. all of these plans lift up all working families, but they're also designed to address the shameful racial disparities that persist in our economy. tackling the growing black-white wealth gap is a moral obligation and we must do that. [applause] with jim crow laws and legally approved discrimination and more, government helped to create the racial wealth gap in america and government should help fix it. [applause] and here is the thing, closing the gap will also boost the economy. my student debt cancellation plan helps close the gap, which is one of the reasons the naacp supports it. my housing plan helps narrow the gap by including historic down payment assistance for residents of formerly red lined areas. my entrepreneurship plan helps close the gap, the start-up capital gap between white and black entrepreneurs and promotes black smal

she was going to change the world, maybe she will. tonightjack change the world, maybe she will.ack merritt‘s father said his son would if he could comment on his son would if he could comment on his death be livid, seething that it was being used to perpetuate an agenda of hate. feel his passion, he said, never give up his fight. feel his passion, he said, never give up his fight. the attacker, usman khan, was released from prison in december 2018 after serving half his sentence for terrorism offences. questions are now being asked about the role of prison and the probation services and how effective programmes to deradicalise such people can be. our home affairs correspondent daniel sandford has more. after being convicted of a serious terrorist offences, usman khan spent eight years in prison. for another year, he was being closely supervised by police and probation. but despite all those years in the hands of the state, he still came to london on friday and killed two young people. how did the system fail? former governor ian atchison has become a specialist in how to deal wi

what needs to change?estion that u nfortu nately, this is the hard question that unfortunately, many politicians don't like to talk about and many scientists don't address are fully when it comes to public discussions. we need fundamental reforms to our economic model, development model around the world and this is something that a lot of people are resisting, businesses, big businesses, a lot of politicians, these fundamental reforms, we have to change our lifestyle and a lot of things will be changed. those things are things will be changed. those things a re costly things will be changed. those things are costly and most politicians are afraid of losing loads because of raising the price of energy, shutting down some businesses can have consequences for them so unless we really push the policy makers and u nless we we really push the policy makers and unless we really want to see a change, as a society we won't see that coming. i strongly believe that politicians don't lead movements, it is the people t

you know when the people's republic of china decide to change in india desires to change and. then i suppose we can have a some water of a mitigant against that chinese communist party claims to be engaging in the largest renewable program in world history but what you seem to be saying is it's not just climate change it's. some of the responsibility has to be the prime minister scott morrison well look at china can say that but they're going to put on a lot more coffee is about another person to be on the principles of law and should be on the principles of sovereignty it should be on the premise of facts but he wasn't in the united states so i mean how do you commit a crime in a country weren't in. here will the united nations agrees with you so what are australian elites so frightened of as they said i mean this is scott morrison says he can't intervene but surely you're referring to barrie cassidy of the australian broadcasting corporation who runs a program inside his apparently. they were revealing u.s. war crimes in afghanistan based on wiki leaks revelations and they w

that's also a consequence of climate change. mamadou farm also thought about throwing in the towel and moving away his harvests had declined thanks to advice from climate change experts he knew millet seeds from bamako they only need a single heavy rain to start growing and that made all the difference it will be. what you are used to only harvest one and a half tons of millet. with the new seeds i get 3 terms. the mayor knows that his work has just begun he plans to keep raising awareness in fana of the need to fight climate change. i hope more people take up the fight against climate change here. and then we'll have lots of trees and plenty of rain again. it's very important so that the coming generations will be able to live the way our grandparents did we used to see wild animals near the town now they're gone because the bush has vanished even. if climate change continues life will only become more difficult for the people here the desert will keep creeping ever closer to find out that's also something mayor coulibaly learn

if we don't change our way of life we just put lives life itself. this is not a slogan it's a necessity a moral social and economic imperative. we have to take industry. the technology to really. it's done for the queen. also coming up a u.s. president trying to end the trade war with china last week trump added schiemann rights in hong kong to that equation in beijing has now reached but trump is showing no signs of a rethink no signs of progress. i. just want to make you. go to our viewers on p.b.s. in the united states and all around the world welcome we begin today with global warming happening faster than what scientists told us just a year ago and the world's biggest climate centers giving few signs that they are willing to atone for any thing this is where the world stands of the u.s. . climate change conference in madrid starts 2 weeks to nail down the details left open and that historic 2015 paris climate accord 2 weeks to finally agree on how to turd words into action and to create a viable alternative to fossil fuels of the head of the u.