we are rich in history at chapman although the law school is relatively young. as a tribute to our students and faculty that we have achieved so much in the time that we have had, and all of it before i came here. i'm particularly proud of the work the students did in putting on our seminar this morning. vial a few words at lunch about my colleague, professor ron rotunda. but i do wish to recognize history men douse contribution as well as in making this possible. in the remainder of my time this morning, i had a substantive point to make. let me proceed to try to do so. it draws upon the fact that i have been a law professor and a politician, a member of congress, and that has given me some perspective from the point of view of separation of powers. so i'll begin with this observation that united states verses nixon, the supreme court opinion, the 8-0 opinion that upheld the subpoena of the tapes in the watergate case was very, very rare. it is very, very unusual for the judicial branch to come down so strongly against the executive branch. i have a couple of theories as to why that occurred. but i do