in 1958, french president charles de gaulle came to algeria declaring with outstretched arms, i have understood you. i declare that from this day forward, france considers in the whole of algeria, there is only one category of inhabitant, that there are only frenchman in the full sense. -- frenchmen in the full sense. de gaulle called for people to vote on the question of independence. the majority voted to remain french citizens, an integral part of france. de gaulle said, three and a half million men and women have cast their votes of confidence. this is a fact that commits france and algeria to each other for all time. two years later in 1960, the same french president, charles de gaulle, was heard to ridiculed the frenchization and -- of the algerians and to talk of an algerian algeria. it did not take the leaders of the army of liberation long to take the talk of the algerian algeria it demanding a muslim algeria. ultimately, the revolutionary benbella returned to algeria and in due course established a regime of which he said, we solemnly reply here that our socialism stems fro