my father, charles goddard, moved down here from ohio in 1901 when spindletop opened up.l, he was a driller at first. you'd call him a tool pusher, i guess. he was the one that ran the rig and that knew how to drill for oil. and there were a very few people in those days that drilled. the oilmen had to move where the oil was. and usually there was no city there. tent cities sprung up. and, uh, little communities with dirt streets. and maybe some board sidewalks. but, uh, it was a rough place to live in. schoumacher: what difference did spindletop really make? goddard: the biggest difference was the amount of production that they found they could obtain out of one well. if you can make 100 barrels a day or 1,000 barrels a day, now you're in an economic -- a viable business. you really have a product to sell. once you had real production, i would say, that was the end of any monopoly. by 1911, rockefeller's command of the market was shattered, competition from western oil, from refiners like gulf and texaco, had broken the standard monopoly. and the sherman act had ended th