i will start with charlie curtis. charlie: i wrote an introduction to the amazing work that documented the cooperation ,etween the u.s. and russia particularly its laboratories and the scientific institutes. , this wasout in that fatedd cooperation -- cooperation where the scientists on both sides understood the dangers that the russian federation was facing in the post-soviet period. for became the advocates operation. not only the instruments for securing weapons and materials, but also the advocates that validate internally within the russian federation. you heard bill perry talk about that on military to military cooperation. i think that is what made this extraordinary program work. it's that the people who knew the dangers became the advocates and supporters of the cooperation that grew out of this danger. i do not know whether it was a situation from hell, but it was certainly a hellacious problem. theas an urgent problem in case of the security of materials. they were very broadly intributed in large numbers.

. >> in 1994, sitting around this table, we had charlie curtis in the audience and we were getting more opposition on why we continue to fund this and we got together and said that it was worth the effort to pass a subsequent piece of legislation and pete was an important part of that. it explained an address to the terrorism andlear we had the nunn-lugar bill that getthe first act that would local and state officials in on terrorism. lot reinforces an awful reinforced -- an awful lot of reinforcement and there were two items published on the program and they encouraged a program with the help of his russian colleagues. that is another important part. us understandhelp what works and i detected some -- ghts about was an agreement that this we the top priority to get them out there. we didn't know what was going to happen in the ukraine and russia. big shock i had was redirecting. unpleasant. but, thereafter, we got the full funding from the senate and that made that easier. expecting opposition or lukewarm support in the ukraine and that did not happen. not only did we get support, we g

in 1994, sitting around this table, we had charlie curtis in the audience and we were getting more opposition on why we continue to fund this and we got together and said that it was worth the effort to pass a subsequent piece of legislation and pete was an important part of that. it explained an address to the problem of nuclear terrorism and we had the nunn-lugar bill that was the first act that would get local and state officials in on terrorism. that helped reinforce an awful lot in terms of understanding out there in the countryside why the nunn lugar program was important to america's security. the program that came out of that, pete domenici had a huge programencouraging the with the help of his russian colleagues. that is another important part. >> secretary, help us understand what works and i detected some thoughts about -- where we ought to go now. where do we go? >> we did get rid of weapons. the first week that ash and i met in february 1993, we agreed that this would be our top priority to get them out there. we didn't know what the second term was going to be and if the funding

in 1994, sitting around this table, we had charlie curtis in the audience, we were at that stage getting more and more a physician -- opposition, why do we continue to fund this? we got together and said, do you think it is more of an effort to pass a subsequent piece of legislation that if pete were a part of it, that would basically help explain and address the problem of nuclear terrorism as if limited by the united states? -- implemented by the united states? we passed what was known as the nunn-lugar diminutive bill, which was the first act that would really begin to prepare local and state law enforcement officials for help on chemical and biological warfare. that helped reinforce an awful lot in terms of understanding in the countryside by the nunn-lugar program was important to america's own security. there is a new book on the program that came out of that. pete had a huge role in encouraging the lab to lab program and the history of that with help from his russian colleagues. so that is another very important part of this whole dimension. david hoffman: secretary perry, help us