turn a cannonball into grape shot, and each one of those chunks could take out jersey city, or chicago, or nairobi. the bruise willis defense doesn't -- the bruce willus defense doesn't negotiating. again, you have to stop it decades ahead of time. >> host: we're going to take a break for a minute here and we'll come back. we have some more things to discuss about the asteroid threat. >> on the go? "after words" is available via podcast through i-tunes and xml. visit book toe.org and select pod cast on the side of the page. listen to "after words" while you travel. >> host: we were talking about the break about the spacecraft, the space-based mode of attacking the asteroid or changing the asteroid, not just looking for asteroids. so there's deflecting it softly, deflecting it with a big blast or something, deflecting it kinetically and just nuking it. the first thing is intriguing to people. how will you deflect it softly? like you're going to make good use of the butterfly effect. >> guest: the big story here is that, yes, thanks to astronomy, we can spot the danger. the other side of that coin i