the choctaw indians, that they used for the file powder that means thread, if you add too much, you have an odd texture, the choctaws, sassafras leaves, combo, the african-american slaves, and the language there, the word for okra was gumbo. and it gets its name from that bantu word for okra. how can we ever tell with the choctaw and combo or the african slaves in team gumbo, this is a mystery, it is in new orleans, two different ways. the original sauce you still find in france, and parsley in it but when it came across the atlantic ocean it changed, because of refrigeration or lack thereof, if you don't have that refrigeration. consequently instead othe deadly consequences, it drops dramatically changed in new orleans and it became a fiery kissing cousin with a base of creole mustard. creole mustard is dark brown, kindf like a german mustard which is spicy and delicious and that forms the basis, to see those mustard seeds, the traditional new orleans, again and again we in new orleans we find dishes that came in a pure form from france, when it got he. it is a perfect example and conve

both the cavalry and choctaw american indians played a massively significant part. they used the cover of darkness to move through the landscape to cause some confusion with the british. the americans were not able to push the british out. they fully retreated up the river. it makes the british think about attacking very quickly. the casualties incurred on that day made the british troops wait for reinforcements to arrive, which gave jackson the opportunity to regroup. based on their knowledge where the british landed, they stayed down in the french quarter. after the night attack, he stays at a plantation house. it would be similar to the house we have on this property known as the boat regard house. 'sit same windowshe to survey the battlefield to determine where he would build his defenses. when the british launched a ground assault, they launched a three-pronged assault. the reason this was picked because it was so narrow, which helps jackson concentrate smaller forces, negating the british's superior numbers. rampart by having a created along what is called the

this is one of the points where the cavalry and the choctaw american indians laid a massively significant part. the used a cover of darkness and the ability to move through the landscape here to really cause confusion with the british. the americans were not able to push the british out. jackson was forced to fully retreat up the river. but, what it does do, it makes the british re-think about attacking quickly. the casualties that were incurred on that day may british wait for more troops to arrive. which gabe jackson time to repair defenses for the city. he stayed in a few different places ring the battle of new orleans. prior to the knowledge of where the british landed, he stayed off of the french quarter and after the night attack, he comes done here and stay that a plantation house known as the mccarty house. it would be similar to house we have out on the property, but jackson's headquarters at the mccarty house burned down in the fire of the late 1800s. it had the same style of dormer windows that you used to look out and survey the entire battlefield to help decide where he was g

this is also one of the points where the cavalry and the choctaw american indians fighting out here really played a massively significant part. they used to be cover of darkness and their ability to move through the landscape to really cause some confusion with the british. for the americans, they were not able to push the british out. jackson ended up forced to fully richard reid -- fully were trait of the british re-think about attacking very quickly. the casualties that they incurred on the day may be british way for more troops to arrive, which gave jackson time to prepare defenses for the city. jackson was in a couple of different places. prior to his knowledge of where the british landed he actually stayed on real and the french quarter. then he comes to stay at a plantation house. it would have been similar to the house on the property -- but jackson's headquarters burned down in a fire in the late -- late 1800s. it did have the same style of dormer windows he used to look out and survey the entire battlefield, to figure out where he would build his defenses and what the british wer

so, the raven rock cafeteria is run by the choctaw indian tribe as part of a minority government contractor set-aside program. at the norad bunker in the center of the mountain, if you get all of the way inside the mountain there's a subway fast food franchise as part of the food court for the staff. in my mind it's like the christopher guest movie version of my book and it focuses on the subway fast food worker who survive nuclear war, because it happens to be his or her shift that day. and just start making the 5-dollar-foot is missiles come out around the. >> we are doing all right here. >> it's clear i will not get into one of the shelters, but the liberty bell is. >> this is part of what's so fascinating. what you learn about the character of a country as they think about these plans. so, almost every major country has some versions of these plans. the u.k. system, there bunker scattered across the united kingdom. they all have boxed china tea sets inside the bunkers because not even nuclear war would stop the british tradition of high tea. canada, their main bunker in canadian forces

it was introduced to the creole settlers by the choctaw indians and it has a very unusual side effectf being added to a hot liquid. things, it literally thickens the liquid goes into. some gumbo's will have file powder, some will have opera. the most fascinating thing about gumbo is where does it get its name? the choctaw indians, the word they use for the file powder, file is the french word that means bread because if you add too much, it can get a ready, stringy on texture. the choctaw called those sassafras leaves kombo. the african slaves, many of them came from west africa. they spoke the bantu language there and the bird therefore opera was file gumbo so lots of people truly believe that gumbo gets its name from the bantu word kombo for opera. how can we ever tell?was it the choctaw and kombo or was it the african slaves?it's a mystery i don't think we will ever solve. this is combination run a lot. it's new orleans rom allowed two different ways. the original rommel on sauce you still find in france. it's a mayonnaise based sauce but when the remoulade sauce came across the at

then he also had 52 choctaw indians and of course the choctaw indians are always forgotten. then he had free men of color and there were about 600 of these free men of color that he had. then he also had some slaves that helped. so by assembling this force, i'm trying to weave a narrative in class and explain to these students why this battle is so important and the student raises his hand and says, you told us in the last class period that when the british were operating in the chesapeake bay in 1813, 1814, that slaves there were being liberated and many of them were joining with the british. and now you're telling us that slaves are joining with andrew jackson at new orleans. so which one is right? well, that was a question i couldn't answer. i said, well, i'll get back to you and i'll answer next class period. well, i pulled out all my stuff and tried to find an answer and just couldn't find an answer to it. so next class period comes and i just don't look him in the eye. i refuse to acknowledge m for the rest of the term. and the problem is he was a good student so he ke

the most fascinating thing about gumbo to me is where does it get its name, the choctaw indians, theord they used for the filet powder, filet is the french word, it means red. you can give it a thready string yard texture. they called those sassafras leaves combo. the african-american slaves who were here in new orleans, many came from west africa. they spoke the bantu language, and it was team gumbo. lots of people truly from that word for okra but how can we ever tell whether it is the choctaws and combo or the african slaves and team gumbo? this is a mystery i don't think we will ever solve. this is combination, new orleans, two different ways. it is a mayonnaise based sauce that has pickles and parsley in it and across the atlantic ocean, it changed and it probably changed because refrigeration or lack thereof, mayonnaise is a dicey issue if you don't -- consequently instead of the deadly consequence of the mayonnaise based sauce that dramatically changed in new orleans and it became a fiery kissing cousin with a base of creole mustard. creole mustard is a close grained dark brow

and then he also had 52 choctaw indians. there is three men of color. and then he also have some slaves that helped then. by assembling this force i'm trying to weave a narrative in class and explained to these students why this battle is so important and the student raises his hand and says dr. smith you told us in the last class. that when the british were operating in the chesapeake bay that slaves there were being liberated and many of them were joining with the british and now you're telling us that they are joining with andrew jackson at new orleans. which one is right. that was a question i couldn't answer. i said i will get back to you and i will answer the next class. i pulled out all my stuff and try to find an answer and just couldn't find an answer to it. the next class. comes in i don't look him in them in the eye. the problem is he was a good student he just kept putting me on this and it made me realize if i couldn't answer the question that i needed to find an answer for it. i spent 15 years writing this book. to two offered to offer an

wordhoctaw indians, the , theused for the powder choctaws called sassafras leaves kombo.slaves who are here in new orleans, many of them came from west africa. the language there. okra was fromr the bantu word for okra. so how can we tell? it the native americans or the west african slaves? it is a mystery we will never know. this is a remoulade. the original sauce is when you still find in france. it is a mayonnaise-based sauce. when the wrong a lot that's when theremoulade -- when remoulade sauce came, it changed. deadly of the possible consequence of the mayonnaise-based remoulade, it callchanged in new orleans and it became a fiery ofsing cousin with a base what is known as creel mustered. --el mustache creole mustard creole mustard. it is spicy and delicious. that forms the basis. of can see the mustardee the traditional new orleans red remoulade. again and again, here in new orleans, we will find dishes that perhaps came in a very pure form from france but .ot tweaked conversely, we operate what is almost food museums. antoine's, you'll see this magical french fry c

indian. ♪ navajo. sioux.ot, inuit, and survivor, spiritualist, patriot. bull, jim thorpe. mother, father, son, daughter, chief. ♪ , choctawchippewa. ,nderserved, struggling resilient. tecumseh andcloud, crazy horse. teacher, doctor, soldier. mohawk, andneca, creek. geronimo.l rogers, , indomitable.rong americans call themselves many things. -- one thing they don't >> [applause] >> we have actually finished before the end of my time, which shocks me. so if there is time for questions, please come to the microphone. direct them whoever you want to direct them at. >> good morning. wonderful set of presentations. a chance to challenge the ways that we segregate and we segregate. 1965 elementby the . truly 20 years after fighting the nazis we were embracing immigration from germany. that was a shocking presentation. puts me back in some work i have done on 1819, when we're in the middle of espionage and sedition act. we literally used our own civil rights concepts that you brought put people tond jail for not supporting the red cross. veterested in how you wea together some of those thoughts that civil rights was captured but

indian. ♪ navajo. blackfoot, inuit, and sioux. survivor, spiritualist, patriot. , and jimull, hiawatha thorpe. mother, father, son, daughter, chief. ♪ apache, pueblo, choctawpewa. underserved, struggling, resilient. squanto, red cloud, tecumseh and crazy horse. rancher, teacher, doctor, soldier. seminole, seneca, mohawk, and creek. mills, will rogers, geronimo. unyielding, strong, indomitable. native americans call themselves many things. the one thing they don't -- >> [applause] >> we have actually finished before the end of our time, which always shocks me. so if there is time for questions, come to the microphones. just direct them whoever you want to direct them at. >> good morning. i'm tim stevens. wonderful set of presentations. a chance to challenge the ways that we segregate and resegregate. i was struck by the 1965 element. truly 20 years after fighting the nazis we were embracing immigration from germany. that was a shocking presentation. puts me back in some work i have done on 1819, when we're in the middle of the espionage and sedition act. we literally used our own civil rights concepts that you brought out in 1868, and put people to jail for