however, choctaw legislative documents from the era revealed that choctaw spent a great deal of time talking about their commitment to the confederate states of america and raising this force. so here i will share screen so that we can make sure we're all on the same page about where we are in terms of location. so i'm most interested in the choctaw nation which you can see here in this the south east corner of indian territory at this time. and i focus on the choctaws because of their strong commitment to the confederacy, which is what i explore in the larger book project. here is my moment of shameless self-promotion dr. quigley did some for me but this talk and more on this subject can be found in in my new book chalk talk confederates and the strength of their commitment which we can talk about in the q&a i think is best exemplified by the fact that they pass the statute deeming it treason to say anything negative about the confederacy, right? that's how strongly they are committed to the confederate cause so as a separate sovereign nation with its own constitution judicial syste

so the -- are important families that produce district chiefs in the choctaw choctaw during the 19th century so something a simple as these names can reveal brighter changes that were taking place in the society. it also provides opportunity for comparison with similar data on american soldiers. i will just summarize to say that chalked a soldiers, the average age of them was just a little older of the age of enlistee's, based on what little data we have based on but that we have from confederate soldiers. again, we can see that they are slightly older than they are american, the counterparts. the age plus name data can also reveal relationships between soldiers. it's suggests relationship when soldiers. there is a cluster of five greenwood enlistee's age 20 to 28. we wonder if allen gibson and hogan and greenwood all mustard into the same company one e on the same day, july 30th, 1861, at the same location, at blackjack court ground. if they are all related to each other. where the brothers? cousins? who enlisted together? similarly, joseph hunter, age 43, and hunter age 18 both joi

not all the choctaw. we're talking about, what? 15,000 out of a population of just shy of 20,000. so the vast majority. the thing is the first wave hits a blizzard. second wave is going to be decimated by cholera. and all three waves are going to face significant supply shortages and kind of general incompetence on the part of the federal individuals who are leading this process. so that all said and done, something like 2000 to 4000 people are going to die in the process of moving. and this actually in this choctaw removal that we actually for the first time people use the phrase trail of tears. that's -- they do. oh yeah, sure. and so they go to oklahoma and they come back, and the thing is that there is this report that supposedly, that these seminole leaders sign, saying, oh yeah, this land is terrific and wonderful and amazing! except that none of them actually signed it. and so, when the seminole say, well, we're not moving, the u.s. government says, yes you are. you have to. and that's what is going to lead to eventually the second seminole war in 1835. again, that's a coup

it's actually in this choctaw removal. that we actually get the first time people use the phrase trail of tears. that's the first like that's the start point. there's an effort actually to to get a treaty with the seminal in 1832. and what? what they do is they send negotiator down to the seminal the seminar like we're not so sure how we feel about this this land in oklahoma. can we send some people to check it out? and so they do yeah sure. so they go to oklahoma and they come back and the thing is there's this report that supposedly the these seminal leaders signed saying oh, yeah, this land is terrific and wonderful and amazing except for of them actually signed it. and so when the seminole say well then we're not moving. the us government says well, yes you are. you have to and that's what it's going to lead to eventually the second seminal war in 1835. but again, that's a couple weeks from now. we'll talk about that. but so you get some people are gonna fight back against removal. but i think what's interesting we thi

now the choctaw nation is part of an unprecedented relocation receiving nearly $50 million in a federal grant to help around a hundred people seek higher ground >> being forced because of erosion and hurricanes to move inland >> reporter: the move is completely voluntary but mother nature is clearly closing in the island transforming from 22,000 acres in 1953 to just 300 in 2017. chris's house somehow managed to go 20 years without damage from a hurricane until ida which not only left its mark here but ripped through most of the remaining properties on the island as the barrier of land that used to blunt storms continues to erode now a pathway to a new isle, some 40 houses in gray, louisiana, which families will occupy any day now >> they can literally with stand 150-mile-per-hour winds. >> reporter: in what could be a playbook for future cities. >> we know there are more occurrences like this coming not just in louisiana but around the country and the world. we have to start learning how to do it right. >> reporter: the harsh reality of coping with climate displacement as communities l

race and the cherokee nation sovereignty in the 19th century, and her most recent book is called choctaw confederates the american civil war in indian country. and of course you recognize the title. that book is the subject