i'm chris grundler and i direct the epa's office of transportation and air quality which is responsible for epa's air pollution compliance program for all mobile sources, vehicles, engines and equipment including cars, trucks and fuels. i'm joined by my colleague phil brooks, director of the office of civil enforcement's air Ñcqñ enforcement division, epa's civil enforcement program develops and prosecutes civil administrative cases. epa sent a notice of violation, nov of the clean air act to volkswagen including volkswagen a.g., audi a.g. and volkswagen group of america alleging four cylinder and audi diesel cars sold there the u.s. from model years 2009 to 2015 include software that circumvents epa's emission standards. volkswagen manufactured and installed software in the electronic control module of these vehicles that sensed when the vehicle is being tested for compliance with epa emissions standards. put simply, these cars contain software that turns off or reduces the effectiveness of emission controls when driving normally and turns them on when the car is undergoing an official