chris, that's an impossible question. you is me almost equivocating. i'm going to give it one more try. hooverhen he left office was responsible for the passage of the 20th amendment to the constitution. why? we needed -- people were suffering so much. we had to shorten the time between the election and inauguration. election is in november. inauguration used to be in march. hoover was so awful, people are suffering so much we amended the constitution to make inauguration january 20th because of hoover. >> he was that bad. i do think that you should all, if you get a chance tonight, you know, wikipedia, read about andrew johnson. relive the bush period in the many fine books that were produced or, you know, go to msnbc archives if you can pull up much fine programming here. and read some andrew jackson stuff, too. it really, quite a character. dorian warren from columbia university. john nichols. ben moore. gentlemen, thank you all. now that we told you our pick for the "all in" bad presidents, which would you pick? go to our website to vote. that's "all in" for this evening. "the rachel maddo