the language of early christianity chant, close to that spoken by jesus. >> indian christians are fondy that thomas went to india as it is that peter went to rome. and i think that's basically fair. >> but indian christian culture was deemed heretical by catholic portuguese colonists and in the 16th century and violently suppressed. can science finally provide evidence to support the thomas tradition in india? in oxford, england, the results are in. >> and this is the result right here. >> so, it's between 130 and 330 a.d. so, it's a little bit later than thomas would be attested to, but it's still incredibly old. >> that's very exciting. >> wow, that's great. in terms of other relics that we've dated, that is one of the oldest that we ever have looked at. and they are interesting because they seem to cover the period where we find the first historical reference to his remains coming back from india. >> the 1800-year-old relic does not provide evidence of thomas in india. >> do we have ancient sources that attest to their antiquity all the way to the first century? no, but we don't hav

helena gave christians places to practice christianity.were no christian buildings in this land. christians met here on the mount of olives to commemorate jesus's ascension, but they met secretly, we're told, in caves. after helena, a structure is built on this site, and christians can come here publicly and openly to remember this important part of their faith. >> for a religion that had been illegal for over 200 years, it's a defining moment. >> she makes the holy land holy. and the churches that she built are ways of literally cementing in the ground christianity in the holy land. >> it reinstates it as the place where people want to go and remember jesus's passion. >> arguably helena and constantine's biggest contribution to jerusalem is the church of the holy sepulcher said to be built on the site they believe to be the place where jesus was executed. but did they get the location right? >> based on the archaeological evidence, this would be a logical place. it was just outside the city walls. and romans liked that for crucifixion. so

antiquity the latter returned in full force into the christian world. in the immense coppola of st peter's we find the legend of its foundation expressed in the sentence and so i say to you you are pita and upon this rock i will build my church. the new building claimed to be nothing less than the greatest monument in the history of the world time and again the builders dishpan it and down to it whether the immense vault would be capable of bearing the enormous coppola but will. the spirit of the age demanded a massive triumphant. as an old man benny received a commission from pope clement the ninth to design the entrance to the cast as some tangent of. the building was the muslim of emperor hadrian and the triumphant entrance way over the bridge was lined with statues of the classical gods of victory many replace these with angels converting a pagan monument into a christian. the angles hold the instruments of the passion or christie in their hands thus the road becomes a symbolic way of the cross all via dolorosa like the one walked by the pilgrims in

christianity. name the state religion of the roman empire at a time when it was already beginning to collapse the city of rome the capital was a civilized metropolis of millions whose standards of living and represented the pinnacle of human history. the roman emperor has placed themselves on the same level as the gods even today we talk of their buildings and legacies as monumental which also means overwhelming. and you found out discussed two of the christianity whether it likes it or not is also an add to the roman empire they were temporally contagious the roman empire had a claim to unify us annotated christianity also claims universality and translated it into the commandment to go into the world and preach the gospel to all creation because the indian. the first images the first pictorial symbols arose alongside the script when the christian or a trees in rome was still hidden underground in the counter-coup. these pictures were different from those of pre-christian am ticketing and portraye

that's been welcomed by christians like. it's why the copts see the government as an important ally. because he's good it's good that women haven't first and foremost security is what is important to egypt one hundred security is the most important thing i guess would so well thank god we're safe again since the army and police have taken control of the vendor and has protected the country from the unrest after the revolution i'm a little bit of that although. there's another important reason more have doesn't back down in the face of pressure from the islamists who would prefer to see all christians leave egypt. so let me save us you can't leave so hard so hard with its friendly and good people. even if i went all over the world i would always return return to egypt leave egypt that just won't happen so our people are friendly and good they don't distinguish between muslims and christians almost. unlike in iraq or syria the great majority of people in the country on the nile refuse to allow themselves to be split along reli

copts may marry only eastern orthodox christians. but that doesn't mean that the cops don't have any muslim friends. my heart is meeting ahmed on the corniche a prominent on the nile which attracts people when the weather is just right. mohammed's friend ahmed is a muslim. sees the cops as part of egyptian culture and part of the country. i. made is shocked that the religious fanaticism of the group called islamic state is also raging in egypt and it rejects christians right to exist. amid says that's not islamic religious faith is a highly regarded value. look at that that's why he respects the beliefs of his christian friend mohammad. the. rules of english go in the ring is when the mission would involve but you're my friend and i don't care what your religion is you believe in god and the rest is none of my business which is friends like brothers and offset. if you are a christian then i'll encourage you to go to church joining card me to go to the mosque to get both of them on the model. if christians are being harmed here and if

as billions of christians around the world celebrate christmas the impact of u.s. president donald trump's recognition of jerusalem as israel's capital reverberates around the world pope francis is presiding over celebrations in the vatican he's been a vocal critic of trump's move and he's calling for the status quo to be preserved palestinian leaders were among those attending services in bethlehem where there was also a message on jerusalem. well francis said repeating what many other said before him he's not you that jews i'm a city of peace. there's not peace if someone uses crude. it was an end to it includes not exclude. all the moves also being widely denounced by the international community the un general assembly has voted to declare trumps jerusalem recognition as knol and void are a force that reports now on a city united and divided by faith. founded by its ancient walls this tiny patch of land has for millennia borne a power that has spread far beyond the. want. the stories of the three abrahamic faiths have jerusalem at their heart and the history of

government is doing enough to protect christian. well because over the topic specially when they enter the churches there are no security guards in front of churches there is fronts of some churches to reach the streets blocked during the months to prevent car bombs and now the few ministers the military announced that they also created some kind of record deployments courses for the christian upcoming holy days but it's also clear clear that all this everything through the measure has of course it's limited you cannot turn every church in egypt into a fortress kareem algo hari in cairo thank you very much to india now where the lower house of parliament has passed a bill proposing jail time for muslim men who are trying to divorce their wives through a practice known as instant divorce the bill outlaws the practice of ending a marriage by saying or writing the word which is arabic for divorce three times in succession india supreme court ruled in august that instant divorces are unconstitutional more than twenty muslim countries ha

is all about the christian faith. the musicians belong to and even jellicoe free church community in leipsic they want to praise the lord through their songs with catching up beats pop music. heavy metal band stocking feet are another german group rocking the christian tune for more than twenty years the band has been proving that expressions of faith and heavy metal can go together satan doesn't get a look in here. just give jess unger hope to who is good to talk to his kids about their jazz bands for the rock bands and even heavy metal bands in the christian music scene. the audience is relatively small though those also record sales don't go into the millions for coffee again hits and if you knew me you would know there are definitely fans out there who are loyal skipped and enthusiastic as toy. guy stuff. so what makes these bands so special to fans. we asked concert goers at the stuttgart reformation even if they all would as it's read i think in germany there's a growing trend that more people are identifying wi

christian pop bands make christian pop music that much is clear but not all religious musicians necessary sing about religion at least not in germany and this topic spot special we want to know how much when it is there in german pop music. headlined this event in stuttgart to mark the five hundredth anniversary of the reformation of the electro pop duo who are also a couple of stage have performed at church events in the past how important this christianity in their lives was a deposit you know this is the way we grew up and how we were bringing us of the souls so i think all songs transport a certain sort of friendliness start from the music i'm happy it's important for me to have something to hold on to something to believe in but i think that faith in organized religion are two different hands that shouldn't get mixed up for me it's important to have faith and i live it in my everyday life as one of us have a base. in germany religion is a private matter. may should greece he works as a radio host for commands catholic dome at audio station and just written a book on really. rock and

christian. as a christian it's important for me to go and train jerusalem and also as. it was also born in jerusalem that i want to i want to be able to go but another guest here tonight found some comfort president announcement has at least refocused international attention on the israeli occupation there's you know heightened tensions over the holy sites within drucilla more but in other places. these events and these anniversaries become much more important and more people participate and people put greater effort. to celebrate them and to have the world celebrate them two. points to this year's joint service of congregations from the national cathedral in washington d.c. . through the christmas tree in bethlehem detected an extra from the sermons that evidence back home made a very important statement about how. on this christmas day how important it is that we realize that just like the times of jesus we have the caesars of this any that we as christians people of faith need to resist this was masters christmas wish i hope that. everyone in this one pakistan christ

mr coachmen who's in a coalition with the christian democrats and broaden. the greens almost joined a coalition with them at the federal level would that have been your first choice. of course there's a kind of fatigue right now until america has been in power for twelve years she's about to begin her full term. but who will be the next chancellor. if. that's what can we offer as a democratic alternative. i think the left can provide some answers but right now the social democrats and the left party are feuding and the greens are much closer to them when it comes to the issues. the greens are not closer to the christian democrats than they are to the social democrats or the left party would. we need an alternative to twelve years of anglo-american something that tells people that we want to future based on solidarity and ecologically sound policy that. we need parliamentary majority is that don't include the christian democrats. but the greens need to join a coalition in the last parliamentary election they won just eight point nine percent of the vote they

christian leaders have rejected the u.s. decision to recognize jerusalem as israel's capital calling it dangerous and an insult to christians and muslims alike a declaration follows weeks of palestinian protests across the occupied territory since president trump's announcement at least fifteen palestinian protesters have been killed or have been have made has more from bethlehem. the festive mood has been somehow dampened ever since the jerusalem declaration by chubb some three weeks ago now no archbishop good but the step is the highest roman catholic authority not only in the holy land but also in the middle east has said that after that declaration dazzling many cancellation pilgrims that were supposed to come and spend christmas eve at the church of their divinity well have decided to stay away this year business is down but only most fifty percent in this city now r.j. bishop beats up by the homes of one food or he said that no one can take any actual decision when it comes to jerusalem without this to bring the fragil

government is doing enough to protect christian. where they cross over to topic specially when they enter the churches there are no security guards in front of churches in front of some churches the streets streets are blocked during the month to prevent car bombs and now the imperious jersey military announced that they also created some kind of record deployment forces for the christian upcoming holidays but it's also clear clear that all this everything shooting measure has of course its limits and you cannot turn every church in egypt into a fortress karim algo hari in cairo thank you very much. liberia is poised to usher in its first democratic transfer of power in more than seven decades international soccer star turned politician george we all won a landslide victory in the west african countries presidential runoff a little while ago the country's election commission declared him the president elect receiving more than sixty percent of the vote liberia a country founded by freed american slaves is africa's oldest modern repu

christian. as christian. rangers him and also as. it was also born in that i want to i want to be able to go but another guest here tonight found some comfort president announcement has at least refocused international attention on the israeli occupation there's you know heightened tensions over the holy sites within drucilla more but in other places. these events and these anniversaries become much more important and more people participate and people put greater effort. to celebrate them and to have the world celebrate them two. points to this year's joint service of congregations from the national cathedral in washington d.c. and. through christmas in bethlehem detected an extra from the sermons that evidence back home made a very important statement about how. on this christmas day how important it is that we realize that just like the times of jesus we have the caesars of this any that we as christians people of faith need to resist this was masters christmas wish my hope that. everyone in palestine. would one day living equal e

out almost six months ago they're hoping christian life can thrive again in the city. plus david versus goliath in the natural world conservationists in south africa are turning to one of the world's tiniest creatures in their effort to contain damage caused by one of the biggest. high maya sweater welcome to the program. we start in the vatican where pope francis is leading christmas eve mass thousands of roman catholics from around the world have gathered in st peter's basilica for the traditional late evening service it celebrates their belief in the birth of jesus christ over two thousand years ago . in his remarks pope francis compared the millions of migrants in the world today with jesus's parents mary and joseph who journeyed to bethlehem but found nowhere to stay pope francis urged catholics not to ignore the plight of refugees. the christmas celebrations are also underway in the west bank city of bethlehem amid heightened tensions this year's festivities come at a time of simmering anger after u.s. president donald trump's controversial decision to recognize

so let's see how he works with the christian democrats and free democrats. but as i said it's dangerous for a democracy of all parties meet in the center and try to do what they can based on certain economic principles. parties have to work out their differences. they have to say clearly what they stand for and what they're against. parties have to argue that's the only way that we'll be able to prevent extremist parties from getting stronger. and twenty six years old and working on your ph d. . what are your goals for the future. first of all i want to finish my ph d. . what a career in politics.

well for christians the policy christians for the met many other christians who come to though the land at this time of year obviously things have to some extent been dampened by the political back and forth that we've seen over the last few weeks but still it is christmas eve and many people are preparing to celebrate that and to the market with prayer and so here at the not a damn church there is potentially the the most significant of the midnight masses at least in jerusalem which is due to take place little bit later on tonight hundreds of people are expected to attend be they local palestinian christians be they visitors from abroad as for the other perhaps better known christian churches in the old city itself the church of the holy settle would be having a midnight mass really be the focus of christian attention at this time of year is on bethlehem the birthplace of jesus so that is where a lot of the major events are taking place but on the less those the distain here will be able to have their prayers here tonight as for the the general attitude towards this declaration well f

particularly in my christianity, it's a christianity that is very cosmic, right? event gel cal christianity is vaccinal christianity is about good verse evil, darkness, lightness, which cider you on and there's a spiritual battle. you're nothing more than pawns on this earth, that the things we do have so cosmic consequencs and that mindset naturally foments experiences that are very real, but i think as i've gotten older, the majority of my metaphysical experience come through my family. once said my family is my church, and i mean that. i mean that quite literally. my family literally gets together on sundays, just my family, and we have our own little thing we call home church. but also is the source of my spiritual connection. it's where i feel closest to god, however that is being defined. >> so i have a couple of questions here that i'm going to butcher in order to combine, but they're pointing to this idea of mon othe jim and patriarch can i or hierarchy and those structures being particularly linked. so i'm just going to throw that out. that connection to

zero london well evangelicals are the largest group of christians in the u.s. they've made the campaign to align the united states more closely with israel from washington joe markham and explains the influence of old beliefs in modern day american politics. you polls have shown that no other american demographic group not even jews stand behind the state of israel more staunchly then christians support grounded in their reading of the bible especially those passages regarding jerusalem christianity's holiest city it's fitting that it should be the capital of israel again as it was many many years ago and has been in the hearts of the jews for millennia some avenge aliquots even believe jewish domination of jerusalem must be the prelude to the second coming of christ the messiah is the future of the prophetic vision of a new jerusalem where god will create a new heaven a new earth and a new jerusalem and he will inhabit his throne though many palestinians are christians to avenge jellicoe those who make up one quarter of the u.s. population place their faith in

together all the christians that he could find, rounded them up and persecuted them. >> the christiansat he meant by that was that they were the victims of elaborate executions and consumption by wild beasts and of course, crucifixion. >> according to third century writer tutilian, peter gets caught up in nero's persecutions in rome. the apostle is sentenced to be crucified. [ screams ] but according to later catholic tradition, peter's crucifixion is very different to that of jesus. >> christian tradition is that peter was crucified upside down, because he didn't think he was worthy to be crucified in the exact way that jesus was. >> strange when i think of peter hanging upside down. the force of gravity pulling everythi everything, with his blood rushing into his brain. with life not seeping out of him, but pounding its way through his body. >> he's probably hoping that he'll soon be reunited with jesus, his best friend. and the one to whom he's committed his whole life. >> catholic tradition says that peter's body is then removed from the crosby fellow christians and buried. >> he w

all right i'm not advocate of islam i'm christian myself but i think what you are talking about is a very narrow following in islam and that would be called maybe wahhabi or extreme muslims but i don't believe that applies to majority of the muslim people that i know and that live around the world but that is your opinion ok and the same thing could be sad about the christian religion and we should go really deep into the bible it goes against gays and it goes against women's rights and all of that could be said about christian religion as well it's really about how you read religion but anyway ok so you've been saying that there is no such thing as moderate islam but at the same time. i know that in conference in italy in september you said that many individual muslims are moderates so are those moderate must truly cemetery on moderate islam who are those moderate muslims can you give me examples. well listen i make a distinction as i always have done between the ideology and the people and indeed there is no moderate islam there is no european this lama that kind of nonsense there'

or will christianity stand alone?tion afforded by the death and resurrection of christ that also extends to gentiles, and he brings a "saved" christian to jerusalem in order to try to prove his point. >> here is my friend, a greek. >> paul brings with him titus, an uncircumcised greek, and he's a symbol of the gospel that he's preached. he's really bringing him there to say to everyone, so, what are you going to do about this? >> the only thing that counts is faith. >> when we read the acts of the apostles, it's quite clear that there's tension, and there's especially tension between james and paul. >> so if you were jesus' brother and this upstart came along preaching and teaching a different message from the one that you had learned from your brother, i imagine you would have felt immense frustration. >> what the council are witnessing is the birth of early christianity. >> the process by which christianity and judaism become two different things is a process that takes centuries. that said, in my opinion, paul's de

and are these christian facilities?don't think they advertise as christian facilities but from my understanding most of them have the backing of the more conservative christian community. >> and these crisis pregnancy centers receive a lot of federal funding? federal or state? >> they receive both, actually. i just find it so disturbing that people are calling up in a vulnerable state and hoping to get factual information and the things being presented there are completely inaccurate. this is theocratic legislation being passed down based on people's religious beliefs. i don't think the well-being of women is being taken into consideration at all. >> let me see. camera's right here. just like, you know, trying to not be super obvious. >> in a suburb of detroit, jex and shiva are getting ready to take the satanic temple's investigation one step further and it requires urine from a pregnant woman. >> so what are you going to be doing today? >> i have an appointment at a crisis pregnancy center for counseling. i have some

christian: salud con cafÉ. desde la gran manzana, tenemos una sorpresa. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ alan: quÉ haces aquÍ? ana patricia: es mi part time. te pongo azÚcar porque estÁs muy amargo el dÍa de hoy. alan: los participantes de los chamacos, veremos las impresiones de los niÑos. ♪ reportera: nosotros ya estamos listos porque se viene la premier mundial de >> jumanji! ♪ >> los invitamos a ver jumanji! reportera: en 1995 se lanzÓ la primera pelÍcula "jumanji". ahora llega una nueva versiÓn cargada de adrenalina y diversiÓn. quÉ fortaleza te gustarÍa tener? >> la rapidez que tenÍa la roca. >> fuerza. >> pelear bailando. reportera: quÉ fortaleza les gustarÍa tener a ustedes? >> la fuerza. >> la vida que si mueres, revive de nuevo. >> fuerza. reportera: quÉ personaje les gustÓ mÁs? >> la roca reportera: le recomendarÍan a las personas que vayan a ver la pelÍcula? >> sÍ. reportera: asÍ disfrutamos de la premier. estÁn todos muy invitados a ver la pelÍcula. realmente se van a divertir. van a salir con una sonrisa como todo

palestinian christian religious leaders have condemned u.s. president donald trump's decision to recognize jerusalem as the capital of israel they say it's an insult to christians and muslims at least fifteen palestinian protesters have been killed since mr trump announced the move on december the sixth there was also outrage around the world in the days following that decision hundreds of thousands of people rallied in countries throughout the middle east as well as muslim majority nations like indonesia malaysia and pakistan on thursday the u.n. general assembly voted overwhelmingly for a non-binding resolution declaring trumps decision and void but trump isn't backing down he insists the u.s. embassy in israel will be moved from tel aviv to jerusalem breaking with fifty years of diplomatic convention. to bethlehem and our correspondent. the debates over jerusalem and when the embassy is going to move or not to what degree is that coloring what usually goes on there in bethlehem on this christmas eve. the mood here. asking around and at this

karla: listo, mi christian, para irnos una vez mÁs con el maity. christian: exacto.e nosotros enviemos, todos los paquetes, regalos lleguen a su destino final. sÓlo para esto se espera que sean 15 millones de entregas las que se hagan desde paquetes, grandes, pequeÑos hasta tarjetas de navidad. ya se pueden imaginar cÓmo estÁn de ocupados. por si fuera poco tienen todo el sistema automatizado que quiero mostrarles aquÍ distribuye cada uno de los paquetes de acuerdo al cÓdigo postal, asÍ que no sÓlo es la labor fÍsica que se hace, tambiÉn mÁquinas para asegurarse que en tiempo rÉcord todos esos paquetes puedan llegar, pero tambiÉn a lo que nos preocupa todos es la seguridad de cada una de estos paquetes. para darnos esta informaciÓn nos acompaÑa blanca Álvarez que es la inspectora. sÉ que estÁs muy ocupada porque es la Época con mÁs tráfico para ustedes. blanca: es la Época mÁs grande para nosotros. hay mucho correo de mucho valor para los niÑos y para todo el mundo. maity: cada vez se vuelve mÁs comÚn estas personas que aprovechan la oportunidad para robarse los artÍ

i often think to myself had i been a more progressive christianity i would still be christian today, but i converted to christianity that is predicated on the literal bible like that is the foundation of the fundamentalist evangelical christianity that it is literally true and it is absolutely without error. it takes about five minutes to realize it is full of adverse as it should be when you consider the text that was compiled by dozens of hands over the years and they do not in any way diminish the defined value of the text, not at all and it's ludicrous to think that the claims are predicated on whether the facts are correct or not but that is the religion that i was told. when i discovered that was incorrect, the whole thing crumbled because my faith wasn't in god is just this religion. without taking away the rationale for us reading it can you walk us through this trajectory of the evolution of human experience and this dichotomy that you pointed out between the dehumanized notion of god. the basic argument of the book is that you can look at the entirety of the human spiritual

karla: cÓmo estÁs, mi christian. christian: estuve en chile en la teletÓn.ezar el lunes. karla: mucha informaciÓn. satcha, sigue dando de que hablar todo el asunto de trump. satcha: ssin duda alguna. como ustedes saben la red social del mandatario para dar a conocer lo que estÁ pensando es twitter. christian: es su representante de prensa. [risas] satcha: ya saben que lo que dijo trump es que es como un portavoz. quiero comentarles sobre en twitter e hizo el mandatario acerca de roy moore, que ha sido seÑalado presuntamente por acoso sexual contra adolescentes hace varios aÑos. es importante destacar lo que dice el mandatario. hace Énfasis al apoyo que se le deberÍa brindar a este aspirante porque asume que con su voto entonces podrÍan avanzar en temas migratorios como es la construcciÓn del muro fronterizo y ademÁs de otros temas que tienen que ver con la reforma tributaria. me retiro por ahora. nos dejÓ en gran compaÑÍa estas chicas. karla: mira quÉ caballero, esos son caballeros. vamos a seguir hablando del presidente donald trump. se otorgÓ un premio muy

militants have repeatedly targeted'egypts christian minority -- targeted egypt's christian minority inecent years. >> full of holes on the coptic church in cairo after another attack on egypt's christian minority. a church service was taking place inside the church when a gunman started shooting at people outside the building. there are conflicting reports about a second -- about whether a second gunman was involved and got away. the bishop was leaving prayers .before the attack he says hundreds could have been killed the door would have been opened. >> there were crowds. god save this. the door -- saved us, the door was closed. >> not all of the churchgoers were lucky. >> there was an elderly lady coming out of the church to see what happened and she fell and died. her blood was here. >> state media says police managed to capture the gunmen. hours before the so-called islamic state claim to the attack. coptic christians make up about 10% of the regulation in egypt, where the majority are muslim. they have often complains of extermination -- discrimination. over the years, they have re

our purposes can't truly be christian. and based on the bible unless they are enacting government in so doing. and acting under romans 13, but otherwise they miss the whole point of jesus' preaching. ut in this book from the cowpens the battle of was january 17, 1781. also january 17 happens to be father's birthday, he'll be -- i won't tell the age. he's over 90. but the battle, january 17, 1781, depicted in the movie "the patriot" involved american general daniel morgan having a line of maliciousa fire into wall wall general corn lists doctor goons, regulars, highlanders, and loyalists. when the americans hisily retreated, british colonel known as the butcher, gave in to the temptation to pursue only to be surprised by american connintals waiting just over the hill. -- continentals, waiting just over the hill, firing at point-blank range, in the confusion the americans killed 110 british, captured 830. the battle is widely considered the tactical masterpiece and turning point of the war. talking about the revolutionary wa