. >>> we're now joined by christopher rixer and automotive analyst at securities japan. thank you for joining us. >> you're welcome. >> now, evs are positioned to become the mainstream car transportation, but they are still significantly more expensive than the gasoline vehicles. what challenges do you see ahead for the ev company is and the hurdle auto mikors make in this space? >> first, there's two types of electric vehicles. the battery ev, or bev with a nother variation is the plug-in hybrid with a smaller battery and an engine. bevs are still too expensive. for example, one battery ev tesla the mod's 3 costs $50,000. while a lot of progress has been made in lowering battery costs, they're still high and that's a problem if you mandate them. and we worry about the price of raw materials like cobalt and nickel if you go mass markets. the auto industry is a con tich kniss consumer of materials and needs to be possible. this might be a possible solution. charging structure is also limited, and the government will probably help to -- need to provide the infrastructure.