passport which sadly wynton churchill never used. >> so in other words, as much as churchill loved america, america loved churchill. >> absolutely. and that really is what this exhi business is all about. >> churchill was a great reader and writer of history. he engaged with history. and that's with american history just as much as european history. >> so the bromance between fbr and winston is one of people's favorite stories in the second world war. and here it is, a present from roosevelt to churchill in his 70th birthday. what exactly is it. >> these are lines by abraham lincoln that roosevelt will sent churchill for his 70th birthday and a wonderful inscription where he has written at the bottom for winston on his birthday, i would go even to-- to within him again. >> and church sill someone who lived by his pen. his whole career is underpinned by writing. >> he actually rarely put pen to paper himself. so what is the significance of this typewriter you have in the exhi business. >> are you absolutely write. churchill favorite method of working was by dictation. and this is what was t

and churchill from -- floury churchill's voice. and churchill's memoirs -- they are just full of this. 1941, 1942. so, i started doing that. and bill phillips said, forget the metaphors. we want to write a 21st century book in a voice that is different from william manchester's. so, churchill uses the metaphor with quotation marks, that is one thing. but we are not trying to imitate either one of them. that worked wonderfully. and bill also on the fact that -- he told me in the editing for readability. if you tell me the bismarck sank on this date in this ocean, i am going to take your word for it, paul. that was a learning experience for me. my editors, if i wrote a feature story about the bismarck, they would say, it sank on -- verify that it sank on this day in this ocean. readability was not their highest concern. >> do you and bill phillips of plans to meet? >> yes. i was going to meet him this very week. then i had some dental issues that resulted in canceling the boston to work. i would love to meet him. my dream is at some

and this was churchill. i would be quite daunted to sit down with winston churchill and folks as high as harry hopkins and general marshall and perhaps not anyone roosevelt, were as well. as one said once at dinner, winston pitches and everyone else bats. why if you were to ask him questions about his immediate family what would they be? guest: later in life -- and had is so post modern american journalism -- i would ask him how he felt about his songs descent into alcoholism and his daughter's sarah's and daughter's diana's mental illness. it was a very sad family. and clementine, his wife, was in and out of hospitals for nervous breakdowns. and his own daughter, mary, wrote that churchill didn't care about what was going on in people's heads, had no use for psychiatrists, was not very empathetic. host: mary solmes, his daughter, who i understand is still alive, was here and you interviewed her. guest: yes, i interviewed by temple and wrote her letters. she wrote long generous letters become. i had feature

it was churchill. with a cigar in violation of all of the rules, telling the guards to go to hell. >> what did he think of the french? >> he loved france. this i found interesting -- the u.s. versus british versus churchill's take on de gaulle and the french and france. he felt betrayed in 1940 when the french tried to lure the final british fighter planes over to their side to fight the final battle they were already losing. churchill wanted to keep the planes at home. he thought the french have lost their fortitude, their sole. five years later, de gaulle gave it back. he was very disappointed. he could not speak the language very well. he loved france and the french people. he loved the legacy, the cultural france. it had to be resurrected. >> you connect a bit in here with -- back in 1990's, we had someone in this country want none named pat o'hara -- pamela harriman. put all of that together. >> randolph is winston's son, and his own sister said he could pick a fight with a chair. pamela -- i am d

guest: churchill -- and churchill did this -- he made a defeat sound as if it was the ost heroic -- and he saeid evacuations, retreats are not victories, he was clear on this. but the way he said it made dunkirk sound like a heroic victory. and the british people came away saying, well, if we can do that, we can bloody well whip the hun. well, they had it backwards. they were running, swimming literally, home without their weapons, without their tanks and jeeps -- they didn't have generals then but trucks and rifles. they came back soaking wet with no weapons and church ill is telling the paoeeople that we'r now building up what will be the finest army in europe and we will go back. host: in 1940, mid 1940, he is prime minister of great britain. how big at that stage is the british empire? guest: well, it covered gee graphicically about a quarter of the left-hand mass and -- land mass and population. the population was about a quarter of the earth. india, subcontinent. commonwealth and dominion, canada, new zealand, ulster, northern ireland. host: hong kong, singapore? guest: oh, yes. h

so churchill knew what was going on.ommerville kept telling him, i have deadlines, i have deadlines community tell me what you're going to do. gensoul kept stalling. at 6:00, the british open fire. and they sank a number of french ships, including a very large battleship, killed about 1300 french sailors. so it was a great tragedy. churchill understood it was a great tragedy. and it's not discussed very much when the battle of britain is discussed because the battle of britain, people think of the mesha schmitz and the spit fire, and the british don't we like to talk about it or the french like to talk about it. but it actually had a very important impact. the americans were solicited time and again to send arms to the british. churchill was very emphatic about this. he wanted the destroyers. he won all kinds of guns to make up for the guns of the british army had left in france. and the americans were skeptical. first, there were neutrality laws but there were also very strong isolationist sentiment in america. and even

churchill's american christmas, next. try running four.ning a restaurant is hard, fortunately we've got ink. it gives us 5x the rewards on our internet, phone charges and cable, plus at office supply stores. rewards we put right back into our business. this is the only thing we've ever wanted to do and ink helps us do it. make your mark with ink from chase. >>> welcome back to our hannity holiday is special. 71 years ago the christmas season was thrown in a chaos after the attack pearl harbor had drawn the united states into world war ii. it was a time when america's special relationship with the british was forged. winston churchill made a surprise visit to washington, d.c. and the sea spirit of the holiday season amidst all of the chaos was not lost on him. >> we may cast aside for this night at least the dangers which beset us and make all of children an evening of happiness in a world of storm. >> sean: churchill would stay with president roosevelt for three weeks addressing a joint session of congress and going to ch

winston churchill made a surprise visit to washington, d.c. of the holiday season amidst all of the chaos was not lost on him. >> we may cast aside for this night at least the dangers which beset us and make all of children an evening of happiness in a world of storm. >> sean: churchill would stay with president roosevelt for three weeks addressing a joint session of congress and going to church with the president. the remarkable period just a small part of a best sell ising book the last lion. it is the third volume of the churchill biography started by william manchester and completed by paul reid who joins me now. a remarkable man, churchill. one of the remarkable figures in history. before we get to this moment, how long was he an outcast and viewed as an extremist in great britain? >> pretty much h his whole political life. >> sean: before and after his time as prime minister? >> absolutely. early in the century he had switched from the conservative party to the liberal party and as he said later i ratted which is their way i saying they

why not point it as i said earlier at churchill in greece in athens in 1944?let's be a little bit more -- host go egalitarian. we will jump forward after this. >> host: okay, i would like to jump forward to the 18 60's, the late great 18 60's and talk about john f. kennedy still perhaps the most beloved president in american history at least the memory of people alive during those times. clearly one of the most germanic and various defense of this presidency was the cuban missile crisis in october 62 which all of us lived here as teenagers. talk a little bit if you would about how you think that crisis came to be and why it didn't result in a nuclear holocaust? >> guest: khrushchev actually made a big blunder in the cuban missile crisis and that was not just putting the missiles with nuclear warheads into cuba, it was not announcing that he had done so. he undermines his own deterrence. what he was trying to deter was the u.s. invasion of cuba. the united states have been planning an invasion and in fact we had a mock invasion planned for october of 62 called

but the british -- churchill has a different motive. once the british islands are saved by the -- in the battle of britain, is goal seems to be to regain the empire. he said i did not become prime minister to dismember the british empire, and the whole consent of going into north africa, sending troops to the belly of the nazi empire, regaining greece, which is a tremendous story -- everyone talks about eastern europe. what bet the british when they went back into greece in 1944 and started dive-bombing the streets of athen and killing'm residents who fought against the nazis and that's never pointed out. look at what stalin did in poland. he broke this and that. i don't believe he broke yalta. look what the british did. no one ever points to that. and then what we did in greece in 19 -- in the cold war period, the early cold war period in the truman doctrine, we had american advisers in early vietnam, were already over in grease. >> -- over in greece. >> i'm jumping ahead. the british go back the mediterranean get iran back, a conflict

. >> if horse racing is the sport of kings, then churchill downs is buckingham palace. >> although horse racing was a common sport in kentucky as early as 1789, it didn't reach its apex until nearly 100 years later, when it was provided with this majestic venue in 1875. >> the kentucky derby was one of the inaugural races and has been run every year since, making it one of the longest-tenured sporting events in world history. >> not only that, but during the derby, the infield fills with over 90,000 people, making churchill downs the third-largest city in kentucky. >> wow. nice silks. >> hey, aren't you a little big to be a jockey? >> yeah, that's what everybody says, but i feel that my superior motivational technique will more than offset any excessive girth situation. >> i pray for your mount. >> thanks. i'm gonna go check to see what kind of horses they have. hopefully they have one in black. >> or maybe one with a racing stripe. >> [ gasps ] >> located at gate 1 of churchill downs is the kentucky derby museum. >> the derby museum offers two whole floors of exhibits and memorabilia, c

." >> why do you open with a quote from churchill? >> heat.ression -- he coined the expression iron curtain. it was such an evocative description of what happened when he gave the speech that i thought it was important to put that the beginning of the book. >> did you ever think of what he called that the iron curtain? >> there is a long story. it is a theatrical term. there was an iron curtain theaters used to use to prevent fires. churchill used it first in private. >> you know why? >> it was a favor for truman. that is where truman was from. >> let's get a slice of that speech. >> an iron curtain has descended across the continent. behind that line, like all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern europe -- baltimore, berlin, prague, vienna, budapest, belgrade, bucharest. all of these famous cities and the population around them lying in rubble -- lie under the soviet sphere. >> why did you want to talk about this? >> i was inspired in my first spoke -- book, and while this is in no way a sequel it represents thoughts i ha

but the british churchill has a fascinating overlay on this because he has a different motive it seems. once the british islands are saved in the battle of britain his goal seems to be truly to regain the empire. he said i do not mean to dismember the british empire. and the whole -- the whole concept of going to north africa, sending troops into the southern belly of the nazi empire, italy and the balkans, regaining greece which is a tremendous story. everyone talks about eastern europe. as an outsider i see what about the british when they went back into greece in 1944 and started bombing the streets of athens and killing the people, the communist resistors that fought against the nazis. the british were ruthless. that is another point. people say look at what stalin did in poland. he broke the altar. i don't believe they did. i will tell you more about that. look what the british did. but we did increase in the cold war period, the early cold war period we and the truman doctrine of 47 to 49, we had american advisers and early vietnam there were already over increase read the the br

churchill the not like to be touched. he said, thompson, do not do that. thompson said, sir, you should not be out here, it is dangerous. churchill said, i am only doing this because i know you love to. >> and extended 90 minute "q&a" with paul reid. he is completing a three volume biography of winston churchill, "the last line." -- >> a focus t

churchill didn't like to be touched, and he said, thompson, don't do that. and he said, sir, you shouldn't be out here, this is dangerous. and churchill said i'm only doing this because i know you love to. >> 1u7d, an extended 90-minute q&a by paul reid, chosen to complete the final volume of manchester's biography of winston churchill, "the last lion," sunday night at 8 on c-span's "q&a." >> i don't want to spoil the book for you, so let me just say that the year began with the american republic in grave danger. the union armies were struggling to grow virtually overnight from a few thousand men scattered across the continue innocent to more than -- continent to more than half a million. the inexperienced officers thrust into command of these raw volunteers were stymied by the sheer size of the breakaway confederate states of america which covered a space larger than the entire european territory conquered by napoleon. lincoln's closest adviser was secretary of state william henry seward. seward said that even smart people failed to see the difficulty of th

churchill used it first in private. >> you know why? >> it was a favor for truman. that is where truman was from. >> let's get a slice of that speech. >> an iron curtain has descended across the continent. behind that line, like all the capitals of the ancient states of central and eastern europe -- berlin, prague, vienna, budapest, belgrade, bucharest. all of these famous cities and the population around them lying lie under the soviet sphere. >> why did you want to talk about this? >> i was inspired in my first book, and while this is in no way a sequel it represents thoughts i had. one thing i got interested in is the question why no people went along with it. what is the mentality? what are institutional pressures? why do camp guard do what they are told to do? i decided to write about this period right after world war ii, because it was a time the soviet union had reached a height, there was an apotheosis of stalinism. it was reinforced by the experience of the war. by 1945, it was a fully developed system with an economic theory and a clear ideology, and it wa

there was this moment where he meets with churchill.ill was defeated and the war is over and he's defeat and he comes to the united states for a vacation. they meet and winston churchill said to joe kennedy i am desperately sorry your son was killed in the war. joe jr. was killed in a bomber and crashed. joe kennedy looks at him and said what was it all for? all we got now is the soviets dominating europe instead of the germans. we fought a war for this? >> did joe's outspokenness against world war ii make kennedy more of a hawk and jfk ending up being more of a hawk in response to his father? >> that's a great question. i don't know. i think part of what jfk does is follows his father. his father was an isolationist, but he was also in favor of huge military budgets to build up missile systems and every conceivable type of defense. first against the germans so they could never invade the united states and against the soviets. jack kennedy inherits this notion that we have to be strong and have a strong defense. >> interesting. >> yeah,

churchill, the odds of britain winning was zero.he kept the british people excited and enthusiastic and faithful that in the end god and his country would come through. and in the end he got fdr excited. american people excited. we joined the war and won. we defeated one of the greatist tyrants. one of the most horrible tyrants. killed 6 million of my relatives. this was hilt leer. it was because churchill was excitable. had high energy. believed in himself. by failure after failure in the own personal life and overcame and learned lessons. everyone has to do that. you can't reward the people who fail. that's where the republicans went wrong. it started with bush. you don't reward the failing companies on wall street. i tell people that when you're -- that makes $26 million a year you have no right to be mad. he doesn't cost taxpayers a dime. you have a right to be mad at government employees for $100,000 pensions for not working for the rest of the life. that comes from you. when it comes to bail out from the company and pay the wa

churchill didn't like to be touched, and he said, "thompson, don't do that." and thompson said, "sir, you shouldn't be out here, this is dangerous." and churchill said, "i'm only doing this because i know you love to." >> sunday, a "q&a" with paul reid. he was chosen by the late william manchester to complete the final volume of manchester's three-volume biography of winston church milli"the last lion," sunday on c-span's "q&a." >> republican senator jim demint of south carolina is retiring in january. on monday south carolina gopher niki haley announced she would appoint -- governor nikki haley announced she would appoint scott, who will be the first african-american republican to serve in the senate since the 19 0's and the first black senator in the south since reconstruction. he was first elected to the u.s. house in 2010. this is about 35 minutes. >> good morning and it is a great day in south carolina. it's a historic day in south carolina, because, you know, first of all, we all were saddened and surprised when senator demint told us that he was not goi

winston churchill, a small talking man deployed to great britain during the second world war to talk at the british people. the little talking person was. i could put in front of microphones or in the middle of parliament after which you would be placed in storage until another dramatic event happened and he was needed for more talking. the successful deployment is now seen as having been crucial in great britain defeating nazi germany and its own little talking man. i'm also picking of the entry for kitchen. if another room contains more knives did his room kid how that happens >> george w. bush. >> he's in the buck. let me find that esteemed gentleman. is he? >> he is. >> there he is. forty-third president of the added states who received the presidency as a gift for his 504th birthday from his parents, george and barbara. >> and the state of florida. >> using his connection to the supreme court has fire was able to pull a few strings to give his son the extravagant presents witchy accepted despite his disappointment over not receiving a ford mustang that he had repeatedly requeste

churchill said, i am only doing this because i know you love to. -- be out here. churchill said, i am only doing this because i know you love to. "the last lion," and added a clock on c-span -- tonight at 8:00 on c-span. >> what is the most important issue obama should consider and 2013? >> make a short video gr. >> the deadline is generate 18th. for more information, go to -- january 18th. for more information, go to studentcam.org. >> senator leahy is now the longest serving democrat in the senate and moves to third place in line of presidential succession behind biden and boehner. >> mr. president, today is the first day since hawaii became a state. i looked at my dear friends, and i cannot tell you how much it pains me. roleaps the best of all model. a story of great passion for his people, commitment to his calling of public service, and dedication of finding a better way forward for all americans. a true patriot. a soldier in world war ii, a veteran of our armed forces, he fought for the freedom of the nation he so loved and believed in. the

churchill did not like to be touched and said don't do that. thompson said you should not be at year. churchill's of them only doing this because i know you love to. >> u.s. selected to write -- complete the biography of winston churchill. >> next, we will look at debate and negotiations surrounding the so-called fiscal cliff. first, the date from the house floor on the proposed plan be followed by a press release after his -- after his plan was pulled from the floor and then president obama's remarks on the ongoing negotiations. now, some house debate concerning the fiscal cliff and john boehner's alternative that would have raised taxes on annual incomes of more than $1 million. this is about one hour. >> i'm not doing a sesame street skit here. this is what we're talking about. i think about planning a which is what the majority in the house of representatives has been trying to implement. it is very simply a plan designed to put into place that democrats and republicans say they support. that is meaningful, strong, bold plans for a simple,

you know, when winston churchill was writing his great biography of his ancestors someone asked him how -- he said i am working on the fifth of a projected four volumes. i am not comparing myself to winston churchill but regard to the lyndon johnson biography we are in the same boat. i have been writing about lyndon johnson so long that people ask me don't you get bored? the answer is the very opposite is true. the one reason i don't think of these books as being about lyndon johnson just as i didn't think of the power brokers being about robert moses, i never had the slightest interest in writing the book just to tell the wife of a famous man. from the moment i first thought of doing books i thought of biographies, i thought of biographies as a way of examining the great forces that shape the times that they live-and particularly political power. why is political power so important? we live in a democracy so ultimately we have the power and the votes we carry to the ballot boxes and the more that we know about how political power really works, not as it is taught in textbooks and colle

richly developed that character and wondered what your sources were. >> if you want to write about churchill, the amount of material is enormous. there is loads of stuff. one of them--one of the most famous people in history. if there is any difficulty it is not finding material but shifting the week from the chaff. he wrote a great deal himself and i think you get the most vivid sense of the character from his own riding, the kind -- the majestic prose, the clever words, the way he will switch, he will start a rather ponderous sentence and end with a very nifty line. all that kind of thing gives you his strength and weakness. his strength was his eloquence and his weakness was he tended to think that was enough. he drove his political colleagues matched that way. they sometimes said when he had made a good speech he thinks he's solved the problem. sources very near -- i am glad you enjoyed the portrait and he has appeared in many of my books and is one of the most interesting real life characters you could possibly imagine. >> we have time for one more. >> very quickly. what are your favori

the course of the 60 years she will get along with every -- her 12th prime ministers from winston churchill who was born in the 19th century and served in her great great-grandmother's army to david cameron who was born after her youngest child prince edward. she has opinions which she will express and private, but extremely careful to not make political statements in public. i was told about one that was amusing that robert title one of the american ambassador's during george of the bush came for the presentation of his credentials and then there was the congestion tax that was a political hot potato and being imposed to keep them from driving into london the american embassy maintained there were not liable to pay because they said it was a charge but they call it the tax. robert tuttle arrived for his credentials they went through the formalities then the informal discussion and she said, and stand you think the congestion charge is the tax? she said it is and she said of course, it is. the diplomatic corps turned white at the prospect but that is very unusual. with her relationship with

her first was winston churchill.id cameron brief term majesty on the historic facts and opinions seemed divided on who the last monarch was to attend the cabinet. >> during the war for independence. >> then it was down to business. among the things discussed, new changes to the royal exception rule, allowing the a girl to become head of state, even a sheet has a younger brother. as head of state, the queen must remain neutral in politics. her visit may have been shocked. they have seen politicians come and go for 60 years. >> for some towns in the u.k., christmas is turning into a season of taking rather than giving. several police forces are reporting a rise in shoplifting. they might have been the kinds of things that could be given as gifts, but now it is groceries. chris has been to the north of england, an area that was hit hard by the economic downturn. >> with christmas days away, the streets are filled with shoppers. watch closely, you will see this woman with a bike and a basket. he leaves without going into

stalin made his guests dunce the dining room still as the gramophone presented to him by churchill and when stalin played the records of his favorite songs. he was taken there from the small dining room after the stroke. an improvised medical center was organized to hear what people were trying to figure out what to do with human dignity by the third of march it was clear that his brain had suffered irreversible damage more than insult. doctors came to stalin's bedside too late at least twelve hours had passed before the unconscious leader was found. when the guards reported that stalin was on his deathbed those closest to him were too afraid to go to his country home. minister was bizarre was this the minister of state security sim yawning and that was scared to enter when he arrived on the minister of state security someone that everyone in the country feared was too afraid to come in i would imagine he would see stallin sick in his own bed in open his eyes look at him and say why are you here. one of the most sinister figures of stone and in a circle turned out to be brave enough le

c-span: anne applebaum why do you open up with the quote from winston churchill? >> guest: i open up of the quote because churchill is defined an era where talking about probably without meaning to. he coined the expression the iron curtain and it was such a motive and such, and such an evocative description of what had happened between 1944 and 1946 when he gave his speech that the quote comes from and i thought it was important to put that at the beginning of the book. c-span: did you ever find out why he called at the iron iron iron curtain? guess so there's x. a long and complicated story. it's actually a theatrical term. there was an iron curtain at theaters that he could use. they would put down the iron curtain to prevent fires in the theater so the term was kicking around in victorian england as an iron curtain and it was viewed by other people but it was churchill who used it first in the private communications with his american counterparts and then later in that speech. c-span: do you know why he was was speaking in fold missouri? >> guest: he was doing

churchill did not like to be touched. and he said, thompson, don't do that. thompson said, sir, you shouldn't be out here. this is dangerous. churchill said i am only doing this because i know live -- you love to. >> sunday, extended 90 minute " q&a" by paul reed, chosen to complete the volume on volume of manchester's three-volume by ever fee of "winston churchill." sunday night at 8:00 on c-span's "q&a." >> "washington journal" continues. host: josh rogin from "foreign- policy" magazine. mid-level officials taking the fall in benghazi. your assessment? guest: tuesday and wednesday we finally got the report from the accountability review board, the state department's own internal report, on the september 11 attack on the u.s. mission in benghazi that killed ambassadors christie and and three other americans. what the report told us was there were gross security failures in benghazi, that the mission was inadequately staffed and inadequately secured. and unprepared for the attack that happened. it assign blame to two bureaus -- the bureau of diplomatic securi

that's one thing we've learned from terrorism over the years is that you don't appease them what churchill say is like trying to feed a crocodile hoping that it eats you last ok that's what the globe is all about now they're trying to just give jamie diamond extortion money give give carney the new guy so much torsion money given wall street in the city of london so much torsion money please don't eat me please just finally a man i mean stands up to me who glass jimmer fredette is standing up to these guys he should be on the show you have an open invitation come on the show we're going to fight these gangsters took over the summer so finally the devil in the detail of this story here why this is important why it brings it back to the top of the show where we talked about the austrian gold now missing in nobody knows where it is industry observers have become concerned about the potential cost of the scandal of these missile swaps and a cabinet minister is understood to have warned colleagues privately that the compensation bill has the potential to bring down a major british lender. yes b

if you do not believe that, imagine a world war ii with britain led by a 25-year-old winston churchill. right? you need wisdom. you need wisdom. society's need wisdom and knowledge. they value older people. but operationally, functionally, you know, we slow down. we're less precise. we remember less. we're less effective than we could or should be. we asked the question of how complicated with the training be, and what did these things are reimbursable -- reversible? i will tell you, everything is reversible. everything can be improved. every dimension of the physical, functional brain can be reversed in a positive direction. it is all reversible. we're constructed to be basically reversible. so, first of all, we look at the process of the brain as it relates to the alertness of the brain. look at recovery. we look at the process as it relates to the intentional control of the bravin. we look at the accuracy as to how the brain receives information. is schematically approved by training. we can speed up the brain almost always by two to three-fold in an old animal or human not so far a