island always had for churchill. john: his father comes back and says, you are a socialist? he says, they are badly dressed, but they are completely royalists and they aren't bad at all. irish cromwell comparison. he fights the war with ferocity. this is where the cromwell comparison comes up in the second world war with military strategy. he compares them to the various war crime leaders, and says he is the most. . -- he is the most superior. cromwell is a better soldier because marlborough was a better strategist. but if you compare to the wartime leaders, william pitt in the napoleonic and french revolutionary wars didn't speak for england sufficiently. failed that he didn't have enough military knowledge to push against the generals when they were making mistakes. the difference is church help combined -- churchill combined the sufficient knowledge of strategy and fighting itself. i think that a war leader in a democratic edge must be a beacon for his country as well. he says later on, you offered us andl -- bloo

when i talk about ireland and churchill, churchill for all his life was engaged with ireland and fascinated by it. ireland has a colder and more ambiguous relationship with churchill. that is the unevenness between the two talks. i will try and deal with that. to return to the beginning, churchill's whole life is -- has the significant irish phases in it. his first public appearance is in dublin, his father is working e to the lordan aid . presented toit was the press, there was laughing about this child in the dublin press in 1878, not everybody thought it was the most beautiful child they had ever seen. from that moment on, he had dublin stories. more importantly, he said he remembered the present he received from thomas burke, a top civil servant. he was assassinated. he said i cannot remember what he looked like but i remember the gift he gave me. that links churchill to the most important assassination of the 19th century, in 1882 in the phoenix park. there is always this emotional connection. he has cousins in ireland. on the nationalists side. another is very much on the unionist sid

a brilliant essay, but also meant for churchill. -- also a lament for churchill. at the end of the 1930's, he is saying ireland is really important. for 40 years it's the parliament. from 1880-1920, it convulses. these difficult issues arose during the home rule crisis, i was in on that, i worked on that. actually, probably made quite a lot of mistakes in the timing of that. switched around from one position to another. then i dealt with the ira war, back to a reasonable compromise conclusion. this conference, he was widely expected for doing that. he describes it in 1938 as a small place, collection of agricultural parties gather together for no significant purpose. it's not just the kind of job of what it becomes, here are my -- here am i, winston churchill, this is big stuff. i was heavily involved in it. certainly in 1921, played a major role in switching off this war, which looked as if it was getting completely and utterly out of control. this is the interesting thing, we have talked about this. peacethese, equally valiant and -- in peace equally valiant and

here, who has ,ritten this very good book churchill and the fall. -- churchill and the bomb. grandfather's best quotations, and there are so many to choose from, is this one. the farther backward we can look, the farther forward you are likely to see. we think most of us that history is passed. done and dusted. over with. just a memory. but history has a way of coming back to bite us. as robert reich -- as ronald reagan said, here we go again. i remember when the cold war was over, but then it wasn't. whenember farther back people were scared of the a-bomb and then, worse, of the h-bomb. and now, today, the specter of nuclear war has once again reared its ugly head. kevin is professor of modern history at canterbury christ church university in the united kingdom. he has written quite a few books, one on vietnam, and one is coming out shortly, very , andly, on anthony eden that will be a very interesting one, because for me, he had such . long history with gran poppa he is working on now something that i am really, really going to get my hands on, but it's not in physical form

churchill never made it to the summit. amongstt eisenhower, other things, was not madly keen to rush to the table. stalin had died and his successors began talking the talk of peace. eisenhower said, i want deeds of peace, not just words. winston, butsh, that is not what an 80-year-old winston needed to hear. he knew the clock was winding down. and the clock does run down. in april 1955, he finally steps down as prime minister in favor den here.y e and sod war continued, did the danger of hot war and nuclear war. but the final great surprise of my work on this was to discover churchill the nuclear visionary. at the very end of his political life. it would be a good 10 years before this concept really got traction, the mid-1960's. mutually assured destruction. "dr. strangelove." we all know it. winston got there first. a good 10 years earlier. and i want to close by giving you two examples of what i call the mattis of winston churchill -- what i call the madness of winston churchill. is nearly 79 years of age. he talks in t

churchill again proposed pitt. he said the art royal was the flagship of the defeat of the , refined as the glories of the elizabethan period and ultimately the ark royal was built. on the day the great war broke of august,fourth 1914, churchill exclaimed, my history. is living everything we are doing and saying is thrilling and will be read by a thousand generations. the first world war gave churchill many opportunities. he said in a speech in support of compulsory construction -- of compulsory conscription, if the germans are could be -- are to be beaten decisively, they will be beaten like napoleon was defeated. superior numbers along front so extensive they cannot maintain them. there he was right. year he probably leaned on history too much. and admiral had successfully forged the straight spy ships alone, losing only 10 men. precedent,a underwater mines did not exist in 1807. this is one of the times that instead of sustaining churchill, his knowledge of history led him astray. in the debates on the dardanell

are you tackling churchill now? differents there a slant you might have? yes, very good question. there are 1009 biographies of say, why on earth impose 1010? i'm not going to be the first person in over 100 years to write a biography of winston churchill that does not do well. it's a terrible thing to have to admit. reuschel book was very good, as you say. it was published in 2001. there have been no fewer than 52 sets of papers lodged at the churchill archives in cambridge, including really important ones by -- well, randolph churchill's papers, winston churchill's son randolph, and also sera churchill's papers are there now. all sorts ofen fascinating series of documents and diaries and letters that were not available either to or to roy.wo row -- i am also the first person to be generosityrough the of her majesty the queen, to read the king's diary for the second world war. that was not open in its entirety. that was not open to martin in its entirety. martin had to use the published biography by bennett. and th

in churchill and england.obvious he was siteing with him on a number of issues and the two of them making fun of churchill and it was painful he was doing this. he thought he was friends and close to roosevelt and when this started happening and roosevelt made it clear he was against the british empire and thought it should be dissolved. it was difficult for churchill to accept. he fled too much work but a lot of people including -- i share the belief that he basically had been soheart by what roosevelt did to him he didn't want to go. .... they both were added the spy novels so they came to believe that it was this all powerful organization. so that is the background. the reality was very different. it was underfunded, it did not to have the brightest in the universe and its ranks. it had really messed up a lot in the prewar years. then the blitzkrieg happened and they had nothing basically. so they had nothing when the war began.so thanks to the occupied countries who brought european countries that brought

churchill had been against appeasing hitler. he had been in favor of rearming britain and constantly pointed out the dangers of nazi germany and the fact of germy rearmament with few people, in and out of the government, believed or wanted to hear. his had been the only voice of alarm, crying out alone in the wilderness and now he had been too bright. everything he had foretold with such eloquence had come to pass. poor people, poor people, he remarked as he returned from buckingham palace after having accepted the shield of office from. they trusted me and i can give them nothing but disaster for quite a long time. he left the guard to stump up the steps of the admiral where he was still living in tears. in fact, he would give them only 24 days later the most astonishing of good news that the british force cut off and surrounded by the germans, by the rapid collapse of the netherlands, the sudden surrender of belgium and the retreat of the french army on its right had fought its way to dunkirk, the only channel remaining that t

churchill said, it is exhilarating to be shot at without result. >> rose: right. and although he had layers of phobias and problems beneath, but he had a fundamentally courageous outlook on life and on politics, without which nothing can be accomplished. >> rose: courageous and optimistic? >> courage gives you optimism. it's difficult to be optimistic if you're not courageous. but i think courage is the distinct churchill-ian quality, an absolute lack of fear. i think second to that, he was wise. he understood absolutely that the channel is wider than it looks and the germans would not have an easy time, if we could put together another army and arm it, making that 21-mile crossing to england. >> rose: we just had jen ette conant here whose father had a very significant letter einstein wrote to the president saying you have to develop an atomic apon because if you don't the germans will get it. >> rose: history depends on these moments. i think the moment in which -- first of all, the moment in which einstein wrote the letter is of extraordinary significance, but

churchill's long political career was marked by tremendous ups and downs. he was widely disgusted by his own party and the royal family. he was stubbornly wrong about a whole range of things including, but not limited to independence for india, finance, the gold standard, of the strength of the french army and king edward the eight. but from 1933 on he was right about the one and only thing that mattered. adolf hitler. churchill was against hitler in favor of rearming britain and constantly pointed out the dangers of nazi germany and the armament which that was more than people wanted to hear the only voice of alarm to cry out alone in the wilderness and now was proven right everything he foretold with such eloquence had come to pass. for people he remarked as he returned from buckingham palace after accepting the field of office from the king. i can give them nothing but disaster for quite a long time. he left the car to go up the steps where he was living in tears. in fact, he would give them only 24 days later the most astonishing of good news. that the

bloodat was the flesh and side of winston churchill. that is one reason i think he adopted a policy of "just get on with it." kbo. kbo. buggering on. as we heard from that wonderful film [i will get on with a minute, has continuing elements. joe, you make this wonderful film, and it was a real privilege to be able to see an early sighting of it. look, to come and present that film in front of this audience, man, that took courage. [laughter] lord dobbs: but it also brought up huge personal enjoyment because not only did i love the film as a work of art, it reminded me that you were a historical consultant who was my old professor at the fletcher years ago. it reminded me of elizabeth leighton. i knew her. what a wonderfula woman she was. and it got me thinking about how very long it took to make one stop on the london underground in those days. [laughter] lord dobbs: but this is an era today of kbo. just like it was then. so, how did winston respond? we saw that in your thumb, joe. -- we saw that in your film, joe. we saw him making wha

as churchill?nt to the newsreel. i saw a man who was dynamic, youthful, full of energy. i believe we are to meet regularly... darkest hour doesn‘t reach uk cinemas until next january. but gary oldman is already odds—on favourite to win the academy award for best actor. if i was going to get an oscar, i can‘t think of a better part to get it for, let‘s put it that way. we shall fight on the beaches! a portrayal of the past that many expect to make history in the film world, too. we shall never surrender! lizo mzimba, bbc news. the ashes series is under way and in just over an hour‘s time england will resume batting against australia in the first test in brisbane. england won the toss and chose to bat first, ending the day on 196 for a. live to the gabba stadium and our correspondent andy swiss. yes, welcome to brisbane. how many times have we seen england blown away here on day one of an ashes series? well, it didn‘t happen this time. yes, australia‘s bowlers did battle back, but england‘s batsman w

we are more than experts on the family life of winston churchill. it was very exciting yesterday to hear celia and lady williams talking about what it was like to be a secretary. part of the project we are

that you have never said no to a churchill. you and jenny are going to be a proper couple very soon, and i can't tell you how delighted i am about that. [applause] lord dobbs: wow. do you ever feel you have arrived at the wrong party? i kind of feel like that. i'm a writer of fiction. i'm here to be surrounded by some of the finest historians of our age, and the most imminent on the planet. i simply write works of fiction. and of course, writing novels is not a proper job. it was of course, all the fault of margaret thatcher. you may remember her. a man said, i met this woman and she has the lips of marilyn monroe, and the eyes of caligula. [laughter] lord dobbs: well, 30 years ago, i was her chief of staff for the conservative party. it was fair to say we had a tremendous falling out. it happens. there is nothing unique about falling out with margaret. she rather insisted on it. [laughter] lord dobbs: i remember a few weeks later after the election in 1987 when i was sitting beside the swimming pool on holiday, thinking that p

we are more than experts on the family life of winston churchill. it was very exciting yesterday

churchill is dubious, against it.s not at that moment able to squash it and he goes down to a meeting of the larger cabinet of 30 people and in a room behind the house of commons, small room, he stands up on a desk and speaks to them and at ourend of it, he says if long island story is to end, let it end when each of us lies on the floor choking on his own blood. applauds,tire cabinet claps him on the back, cheers him and as he is returning to 10 downing street from the house of commons after this, a naval officer comes up to him to say, 17,000 men have been removed from the beach at dunkirk on that day. with these two pieces of news in goes back torchill the war cabinet and says to halifax that he must take off any negotiations with the italian ambassador. that we are never going to send her, that to start or inquire about german terms is to enter on a slippery slope. which thehe moment at decision is taken that whatever happens we shall fight on. charlie: we will fight on the beaches, and everywhere else. anyoneht h

here's gary oldman as winston churchill in "darkest hour." the best conditions possible. hitler will not insist on outrageous terms. he will know his own weaknesses. he will be reasonable. >> when will the lesson be learned? when will the lesson be learned? how many more dictators must be wooed? appeased? good god, giving him [ indiscernible ] before we learn? you cannot reason with a tiger when your head is in its mouth! >> jimmy: yes! [ cheers and applause ] that's how you do it! head is in his mouth! yes! gary oldman, everybody. [ cheers and applause ] go see "darkest hour" in select theaters november 22nd. we'll be right back with gigi hadid. stick around, everybody. [ cheers and applause ] ♪ all smartphones are more or less the same, right? but this is the moto z. hello moto. can your phone turn into a projector? because a 70 inch projection beats any phone screen. and they might be bragging about portrait mode. but can your phone go beyond and transform into a real 360 camera? it's time to reinvent your smartphone. it's time to move on.

up next from the 34th annual winston churchill conference, father and son historians paul bew and john bew gives separate talks on within churchill's relationship with ireland,'s influence on clement attlee, who served as british prime minister from 1945-1951. this event is about 45 minutes. good morning, everybody. it's such a pleasure to be here in a room with fellow

i felt in the beginning -- i mean, so many films have been made about churchill.ided it, for a number of reasons. one of them being, i don't like playing people who really existed. >> seth: uh-huh. >> because either you get it wrong, or you get it right. this -- it's tricky. and then i met joe. and i've always been a huge admirer of joe's films. i think they're amazing. he has such a -- he's such a clever mixture of sort of beauty and really good -- sort of communication between people. i mean, he's very clever. so i wanted to work with joe and i read the script. the script was brilliant. and -- but it was a bit spare -- a bit sparse. i -- needed more. >> seth: for your role? for clementine? >> yeah, yeah, yeah, so they made it a bit bigger. and i accepted. [ laughter ] [ applause ] >> seth: that's good. that's great. you've got to stand your ground. [ applause ] but that is -- i'm glad you did that. because she was -- she played a huge role in winston's life. >> yes. >> seth: there's no winston churchill without her. >> i think so, yeah. i mean, she was very, ver

he takes on the role of winston churchill. >> it's only one man.he opposition will accept. >> he stands for one thing and one thing only: himself. >> why have i been forced? >> his record is a catastrophe. >> this is a trick question. who do you play in this movie? >> the transformation is really unbelievable and just manageable. >> magic--the magic of cinema. it was fantastic. i enjoyed the slowly getting into him as each piece was applied. it was actually quite a joy. you can get confused at times. >> i'm confused. am i actually talking with winston churchill. >> to vote gary oldman, who had been my hero since i was about, you know, 14. >> oh? >> so the opportunity to actually work with him and bear witness to this extraordinary transformation was a gift and an honor. >> we're facing certain defeat on land. the annihilation of our army. we must negotiation peace talks. >> talk to me about winston churchill and george the king. >> george is not a fan of winston, but he comes to understand that what winston is doing is crucial and that ally is what

eastern on q&a on c-span. >> coming up next, from the 34th annual winston churchill conference.torian and journalist andrew roberts talks about the former prime minister's career as a historian. his six volume book, the second world war, earned him a nobel prize in literature in 1953. this is about 50 minutes. >> we ended last year's conference with a presentation by andrew roberts and we know a

and this of course was a subplan proposed by roosevelt to churchill and roosevelt and roosevelt to churchill combined plan. interestingly enough, just to question, theour general marshal is commely -- completely opposed to the north african invasion. he believes we should harbor our resources and put everything together and land on the mainland. and indeed, the french, the french, through our consular, through the vichy, the french are telling them, if you will land in france, we'll fight with you. there's no doubt about that. but if you land in north africa, we don't stand a chance, because the germans will take all of france. and with the arms and troops may have in already in the desert, in libya, they can quickly come back. and we will have a disaster in the course. you know, ladies and gentleman, -- gentlemen, in the end of 18 months before the germans and the italians, that it was a terrible, terrible, bloody battle. but, and this is where marshall was wrong, this is where we produced an army and where we formed the men that are capable of invading sisly, italy and -- sicily italy, and

and daniel is a hearing there in your a poor the people of churchill feeling the practical effects of the changing climate it's affecting their jobs it's affecting their livelihoods what sort of steps they want to see that locally does that government taking to combat this well across the northern reaches of canada the united states and elsewhere i think people would like to see as we heard from the mayor of churchill in that report more investment to help them cope with the change to deal with the fact that permafrost me underline undermine infrastructure and other things but also take advantage of what may be opportunities this port behind me here is canada's only northern port and it's going to be ice free longer as the temperature warm so a comprehensive approach starting with a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions but also looking at local needs that's what you're hearing as i travel across the north all right daniel thank you very much danielle black joining us that from churchill manitoba but francis has chastised worship as you take photos gerry and his mass is saying that th

this is of course a plan andosed to churchill roosevelt. interestingly enough, to digress for a moment. marshall is opposed to the invasion of africa. he believes we should harbor our resources at this time. french troops who are there, they say if you land in france we will fight with you. there is no doubt about that. if you land in north africa we don't stand a chance because the germans will take all of france. troops they have already in the desert can quickly come back and we will have a disaster. we fought the germans and the italians in tunisia essentially. it was a terrible bloody battle. this is where marshall was wrong. this is where we produced a army where we formed the men that were capable of invading sicily, italy and of eventually the beaches of north africa. >> how did the french view their role in world war ii? i know that is a complicated question. >> that is a very complicated and complex issue. let me approach it this way. there is a wonderful author who youou are interested in must read him. he wrote a book about the

churchill come in, not puffing his cigar, something big was cooking.a, discussions the purpose to design the shape of victory in africa and beyond. meeting was arranged between generals charles de assassinated a month earlier, out of the meeting grow the union of the who never lost ope and the french for whom hope had been reborn. the tunisia campaign was created. predominantlywere british, but by common generali eisenhower on sea and iniral the air. under them, british, american men rench officers and serving side by side, the whole in me command, unique military campaigns. third, we fixed the terms which fighting.the unconditional surrender. f all these decisions, russian and chinese allies were kept fully informed. ended, mr. nce churchill greet victorious explain vital part in forthcoming events. was at hand.hour drawn. lines were in the north stood british first army. shirro's nter, general french's and in the south, the americans. of her south, small group fighting french had completed historic 1500-mile march and position on the left flank to th

when lieutenant sylvester churchill built the battery atop what is now battery park, he was looking overansive bay, with very little land below him. as commerce grew in burlington as to the waterfront, phil was brought in from inland to create more and more lakefront for gopping companies to get car for pioneer shops, essentially incubator spaces for small businesses is the access here to the lake was access to the outside world. this was the place to be if you were someone who was looking to develop any kind of new industry. in burlington waterfront industrial site blossomed throughout the 1800s. one of them biggest generators and -- of economic growth was longer. the third largest timber corp. in the united states and much of that temper was floated down the british canada -- timber was floated down from british canada. it was made into everything from blinds to boxes. we would be remiss to be standing here and not talk about the steamships of lake champlain. it was built just south of where we're standing now. the steamer vermont was launched in 1849 and was the first vote to maintain

churchil come in, we knew something big was cooking.o design the shape of victory in africa and beyond. first, a meeting was arranged between generals de gaulle. out of the meeting was to grow the men of the fighting french to never lost hope and for french for whom hope had been reborn. second, the campaign was created. the alliance in the area were predominantly british, but general eisenhower continued in supreme command as his deputy commanders freed british officers. them, british, american and french artisan men sitting side-by-side. the scheme of command with a unique and military campaign. third, we fix the terms that would end the fighting. surrender.al of all these decisions, our russian and chinese allies were carefully informed. them, british, american and french artisanthe conferenc. mr. churchill went to tripoli to greet the victorious army and exchanged forthcoming events. for the decisive hour was at hand. >> battle lines were drawn. in the north stood the british first army. in the south, the french troops. in the south

you referenced churchill earlier.ark closet and the first thing president trump did was to bring this bust out? that is actually disputed. thank you very much. we do want to work together with the uk. thank you both for your time. this week's movements in brexit can be summed up in two words — "money" and "ireland". the cash, it seems, for now is sorted — with britain's negotiators reportedly agreeing at least the outline of a divorce bill with brussels. the future for the irish question is less clear. newsnight reported from dublin yesterday about the tricky questions which persist over customs and border arrangements between northern ireland and the republic, once britain leaves the eu. today there were reports of a potential breakthrough, but not, it seems, on terms which might meet the approval of the dup. they are partners of mrs may's conservatives in government, remember, and they responded by hinting that if they didn't like what they heard then they might pull the plug on the deal. nick watt is here. our poli

your churchill manitoba. now flying taxis could be carrying passengers within six years according to the right hailing from. they've struck a deal with the u.s. space agency nasa and five aerospace manufacturers to develop at nasa will develop the software to provide an aerial version of the popular taxi service says the flying taxis will travel at more than three hundred kilometers per hour and eventually cost no more than a call right i think the big benefits are going to be that you're going to be able to move around much much more fat emerge much more quickly and get time back so the thing i dread the most about transportation in cities is just you know it for all people is just the kind of waiting just sitting in traffic and congestion and wasting your life and so ride sharing helps that because you could be in the back seat of your laptop or something but it's better to be where you actually want to be on the increase our web site as well al-jazeera telecom. a quick look at stories making headlines this

you're churchill manitoba venezuela's constitutional assembly has passed a law clamping down on media freedom and allows prison sentences of up to twenty years for anyone who incites hate or violence through t.v. radio or social media president nicolas maduro and his allies frequently accuse the opposition of promoting hate under the new law the state can also order media outlets to broadcast messages it says promote peace large cruise ships are to be banned from passing by venice as iconic st mark's square in a bid to protect the lagoon ecosystem the italian government invitation to regional officials agreed to reroute the vessels to a nearby industrial port over the next three to five years they hope to balance the area's fragile environment with the city's economic need for tourists and maritime jobs. but francis is chastise worshippers who take pictures with their cell phones during mass saying they should be lifting up their hearts to god instead later the roman catholic church has previously urged the faithful to be more spiritual and his priests and bishops to be more humble af

i sort of -- i knew i had to develop exactly the right winston churchill.: yes. >> and i remembered marlon brando in "the godfather" and i thought, "well, i'll stick something in my jowls." i practiced this at home before i went to england to join them. with a melon baller i created these little apple balls and stuck them in -- [ laughter ] and i just stared at the mirror. "i have nothing to offer." you know i thought, "i've got it!" >> seth: wow! >> i actually took a melon baller with me to england. >> seth: wow. >> and arrived -- >> seth: and you got right through customs, they had no issue with it. [ laughter ] >> exactly. i was not stopped. and took an apple to rehearsal one day and i said, "i just want to experiment with this." and i dug out two apple balls and put them in my jowls. [ light laughter ] >> seth: sure. >> and spoke a scene with it. about 40 seconds in, my mouth -- it sounded great. it sound very churchilian but my mouth was full of apple juice. >> seth: yeah. [ laughter ] >> turns out that was churchilian, too. >> seth: yeah, exactly. win

problems in fact right now we're talking about a rail line the only connection between this town churchill and the rest of canada severed this year by catastrophic floods and catastrophic snowstorms blamed on climate change so i've been trying to find out just what the effects on this town were and we are still in good. dave daley loves his thirty six dogs they pull sleds during the winter and take tourists on a thrilling ride through the forest but without a train to deliver the dog food is paying five times more to feed them it's not a viable economic proposition most of the businesses and turtle are trying to figure out ways how not to lose too much money this year if the train doesn't get restored or the rail line doesn't get restored who are afraid that we're going to be losing some businesses here in toronto canada's most northerly rail line was built ninety years ago to get grain from its western prairie's to a port on hudson's bay thousand kilometers of track was cut through forests across rivers and along frozen stretches of sub-arctic tundra fierce storms and floods earlier this

right. >> and who would with ever go up and snatch a cigar out of churchill -- >> well, yeah. >> if he didn't make it on the image, he'd make it on the -- >> that's right. [laughter] >> couldn't imagine doing whatever could be -- [inaudible] >> right. >> i was over at the river center -- [inaudible conversations] >> i am, i am trying to make that happen. it just takes a while to get this stuff organized. >> i'd be glad to deliver a book to -- >> oh, sure. yeah, that's be -- that'd be great. >> [inaudible] >> oh, okay. >> and it was very timely. >> are you connected to them? [inaudible conversations] >> i wanted to tell you thanks for bringing up the early roosevelt years. >> oh, good. >> i thought -- [inaudible] >> oh, really? fireside chats. >> new technology. [inaudible conversations] >> that's right, yeah. [inaudible conversations] >> yeah, no, he did. yeah. >> it was really -- >> well, we have a picture of him being carried out of a car can, which is a very rare picture. because he didn't want anybody to know that he had the disability. >> no. didn't want anyone to know. [inaudible

and they went back the next morning, and there were pees passionate speeches including from steve churchill here in the audience about how -- this isn't who we are. we have had this history. we need to address it. and it completely changed. they added the discrimination clause certainly they dropped -- they dropped discrimination clause. and it was really a dramatic moment there was a huge applause so you can kind of see that there's been some change. >> thank you very much. >> built on last thing you gave in the book it seems like you exposed a lot of historic or racist actions by fraternity about national organization may not have known about. have been any response after your book kale out from the fraternity about what they wanted to in response to it? >> about in materials of the historical response? >> yeah. >> i've had conversations where -- i think there are -- there are leaders who would like, would like this to be addressed, i mean, one of the issues that i -- came across is that -- leadership school is named after this guy mosley who was a major figure and he was really adamant a

roosevelt, dwight eisenhower, and even have special trip for my special excursion train for winston churchill in 1941 when he was visiting canada and the u.s. both20 was able to handle breaks and passenger service, which was not typical of alstyne all votives -- of steam locomotives, but that meant it happy hook up. that is why it was also used for special exclusions, for the s, again, theour presidents who used to come in -- who usedility it, it had the ca capability. our cities tour staff recently traveled to burlington, vermont to learn about its rich history. burlington another south on our tour at c-span.org/citiestour. you are watching american history tv on c-span3. >> he walked into the room, and he was where military camouflage with the blood drop in one right here and the initials kkk right here on his chest. beret onred across the his head was "knights of the ku klux klan. he had a semiautomatic handgun in a holster. followed right behind him, mr. kelly, the grand dragon. he entered the room and turned the corner and saw me, he just froze, and mr. kelly bumped into his back, the gu

in the darkest hour of world war ii, churchill committed that the british people would fight to protect their country. today our fight is located on the internet, at passport check points and in the hearts and minds of young people in europe and around the globe. european security institutions including nato must be addressed to internal and external threats. to address cyberattacks and to address unchecked migration. though we know these are the threats of the future, too many headlines have already declared these are the threats of today. new threats to the united states and europe are long-term, unpredictable in timing and localized in many different places. properly anticipating and combatting these threats require a greater european commitment to security because local responders are the most effective deterrent. while the united states will continue to maintain our guarantees against a catastrophic failure of security in the region and will continue to expand resources to maintain our protective umbrellas, the nations of europe must accept greater responsibility for their own secu

in anyway influenced by albert finney as churchill —— churchill has been played so many times by sooing to get an 0scar i can't think of a better part to get it for, let's put it that way. we shall fight on the beaches... way. we shall fight on the beaches. . . a way. we shall fight on the beaches... a portrayal of the past that many expect to make history in the film world too. we will never surrender! lizo mzimba, bbc news. you're watching breakfast. still to come: this is little miss inventor, we will speak to the author of the new book about challenging stereotypes and creating an engineer as a positive role model for girls and we're asking you what little miss or mr men you would be. which one would you be? i have no idea, haven't thought about it yet. i've thought about it. good! don't you want to know? i will tell you! time now to get the news, travel and weather where you are. good morning from bbc london news, i'm sonja jessup. the family of a teenage boy who was stabbed to death in wet london last weekend say they're living in a nightmare after his senseless murder. jason

obviously, he made mistakes, but he has been a force for the good just the way winston churchill's soni mean, winston churchill's daughter, mary sloan, his youngest daughter who i interviewed about the queen and prince charles, she was really, really fond of prince charles. she said i believe he has improved each shining hour in his wait for the throne, which was kind of a wonderfully churchillian thing to say. >> host: he's a politician though, isn't he? >> guest: well, he's not a politician. he has, he is a, he's a charitable entrepreneur. he has over the years been very outspoken. he has tried in some instances to influence public policy. certainly, writing letters and as he himself would put it to harass politicians to try and persuade them of his point of view particularly about climate change, the environment, the built environment, sustainability and those kinds of issues that are very dear to him. but he's done lots, for example, to help poor farmers. and he's tried to educate members of parliament on what kinds of things can be done to keep a lot of the small farmer, you know,

churchill and lloyd george. the sense i get is that hoover was always absolutely committed to his sense of where shipping should go. shipping in the belgian relief period, he needed transportation and he needed subsidies from the british government to do what he wanted to do. and the british and the french did end up coughing up most of the crb's money came from the allied governments, not from voluntary contributions. so it's not like he failed in his relationship with the british. he did get more or less what he wanted, but he came away from those encounters just not liking them. and i don't know whether they had the same view of him or not. obviously kanes didn't but kanes was a lower level person at the peace conference. >> after the armistice and during the time of the versailles conference, was there any thought or effort about providing relief to the german population? and i understand they actually continued the blockade after the armistice. i wondered if there was anything along that line that was even