and atly following churchill believes that churchill has managed to achieve this -- i would say finely balanced coalition across the piece. and actually, it's his generals who sometimes by squabbling or complaining about eisenhower's command actually potentially jeopardize it at points in time. that's the first level of appreciation. secondly, atly understands that with the key strategic maneuvers in the war, the politics of what churchill is doing. so therefore, he supports things that the generals regard as actually quite an surrendered, like the suggested campaign in sumatra, for example. these attention-grabbing eye -- agenda-setting political maneuvers that churchill wants to try at various points. and i think back to that quote under churchill britain had essentially one army engage and had three theatres simultaneously. atly appreciates and understands what churchill is trying to do there, which is to set the political agenda. and the big example, they failed over sumatra, the big example is britain leading the invasion of italy. and churchill turns to atly and says, they respec

and churchill did appreciate him. because who is criticizing attlee for being to churchill. now you can say he does so because he's a simplistic thinker or too -- that's what his party said. that's what the general said. i have to suggest that actually attlee had a broader appreciation of what he called higher strategy. which distinguished churchill from the generals in particular the chief general staff who had a more limited conception of strategy. and also attlee understood that churchill had a better appreciation and understanding of what he calls the precurious balance of coalition warfare. in particular the key generals. he feels attlee they didn't appreciate the difficulty of getting the americans into the war. and the necessity of steering them towards key strategy theaters that britain values. and this goes to the point i heard roberts make. which is that act of american statesman ship the decision to fight first in europe is the most selfless act of statesman ship in the 20th century. it is not an inevident blt. and attlee following churchill believes that churchil

up next from the 34th annual winston churchill conference historian kevin ruane discusses , winston churchill and the development and use of nuclear weapons. he is the author of "churchill and the bomb in war and cold war." this event from new york city is about 45 minutes. >> all right, ladies and gentlemen. welcome back. and to introduce our next speaker, we have a very special lady. please welcome edwin a sands. edwina sands. [applause] edwina: good morning. can you hear me all right? clear as a bell, i hope. it is lovely to be here for another conference. each one i come to seems to be even better than the last. we have kevin, kevin ruane here, who has written this very, very good book, "churchill and the bomb." one of my grandfather's best quotations, and there are so many to choose from, is this one. "the farther backward we can look, the farther forward you are likely to see." we think, most of us, that history is past. done and dusted, over with, just a memory. but history has a way of coming back to bite us. as ronald reagan said, "here we go again." i remember when the cold war was

churchill the disciple of detente. at least churchill now looking for peaceful co-existence between the cold war blocs. no more did he talk of showdowns. his last campaign again as lady williams stressed so eloquently yesterday was a campaign of peace. it became his obsession. there must be a summit, because a summit was the first step to what he called chaining the nuclear monster. sadly, it was not to be. churchill never made it to the summit. president eisenhower, amongst other things, was not madly keen to rush to the summit table. stalin had died in 1953. stalin's successors began talking the talk of peace. eisenhower said i want deeds of peace, not just words before i run to the conference table. and no need to rush, winston, but that's really not what an 80-year-old winston needed to hear, who knew the clock was running down. and the clock does run down. in april 1955, he finally stands down, steps down as prime minister in favor of antoni eden here. the cold war continued and so therefore did the danger of hot

"churchill and the bomb." so one of my grandfather's best quotations, and there are so many to choose from, is this one. the further backward we can look, the further forward you are likely to see. we think most of us, that history is past. done and dusted. over with. just a memory. but history has a way of coming back to bite us. as ronald reagan said, here we go again. i remember when the cold war was over. but then it wasn't. i remember further back when people were scared of the a-bomb and then worse of the h-bomb. and now today, the specter of nuclear war has once again reared its ugly head. kevin ruane is professor of modern history at canterbury, christchurch university in the united kingdom. he has written quite a few books, one on vietnam and one is coming out very shortly on anthony eden. and that will be a very interesting one because he had such a long history with grand papa. he is working on now something that i'm really, really longing to get my hands on, but it's not physical form yet. it's a b

needless to say, churchill was right. in the 13th century it was the tribes that made incursions into egypt, rather than the other way around. one can't imagine what the king could have been thinking of trying to make an untruthful historical point to winston churchill. i have a particular interest in king farouq, in that his last mistress once made a pass at me. [ laughter ] >> in the rest of the world, church compared napoleon and ochowicz churchill told stalin. he told the king in april 1943 that if india were finally separated from your majesty's dominions it would dim our fame to future generations. he told the royal college of physicians in february 1944 as we heard earlier the longer you look back, the further that you can look forward. and he noted when he reached one of the great rivers in italy, here has drubles defeat sealed the fate of carthage so i suggest we should go across too. i'll stop at the end of the war. there are many examples afterwards. on the evening of his stroke in 1953, he had earlier that sam

churchill, the nuclear statesman. it really began about five years ago when i was asked to do work by the churchill archive. that's to say, the online, digital repository of all -- virtually all of churchill's papers which you heard about from lawrence amongst others already in the conference. i am told close to a million individual images. so letters as a home-sick border to his mother all the way through world war i, world war ii, the cold war and so on. the archive is a joint venture between churchill college or the archiv archive center and bloomsbury publishes. it's a jewel in the crown of the digital age. though it is subscription only for universities and other what i call grown-up organizations, thanks to the spectacular generosity of lawrence geller it is, as has been pointed out already, at this conference, it's absolutely free to school kids in the usa, uk and other places around the world. lawrence deserves, i think, a round of applause for that, frankly. [ applause ] there are not many fantastic things ar

i can start talking about churchill and attlee, some true that churchill said, for example, attlee is a modest man with much to be modest about or a sheep in wolf clothing. the other one too crude to mention before the watershed but i must do it anyway, a story of them enter during second world war where apparently winston shuffled off to one corner and attlee said unusually modest for you, winston. applied any time you socialists see something big, you want to nationalize it. i'm not sure -- i won't tell you this is true. just to say lots of disparaging remarks attributed to churchill about att lee. the interesting thing he would never allow anyone else to disparage attlee in his country. he would reply and say, no, no, no he's a great patriot. don't criticizes in my company. one of my favorite stories really as winston got deafer and deafer, he would sit by his side and just be talked to by him. church hill couldn't hear anything back, talking about their relationship. the relationship actually has a number of interesting sort of punctuation points. it goes back, the first connectio

including really important ones, like randolph churchill's papers. winston churchill's son. also sarah churchill's papers are there now. there have been all sorts of fascinating series of documents and diaries and letters that were not available, either to martin or to roy. i am also the first person to be able to, through the generosity of her majesty the queen, to read the king's diary for the second world war. that was not open to, in its entirety, that was not open to martin. martin had to use the published biography. and that is completely fascinating. the relationship between those two men is going to be pretty much a mainstay of my book. i have basically concentrated on primary sources. roy never went to archive sources. he wasn't terribly interested in the military strategy. as you can imagine having written books on this, it's a subject i think is fascinating and absolutely central to understanding winston churchill and the importance of winston churchill in history. the other point about roy is that he always made out winston churchill to be a liberal all his life.

churchill the church of england. the episcopal church had split off from the church of england after the american revolution, but the liturgy and the hymns are very similar. so they had this very emotional service, uplifting service on the deck of the "prince of wales" that august. well, not only were all these bases falling, and not only was the carnage in the north atlantic continuing, but "hms prince of wales" itself had been sunk just three days after pearl harbor. it was the first time that air power alone had sunk a battleship on the ocean, and over 300 of the same men that roosevelt and churchill had worshipped with that august had died when that ship went down, so it was a time of tremendous stress but the faith that was exhibited that day was remarkable. and i'm sure it had a lot to do with the morale and unity that america and the british people had throughout the war. it's very interesting the way that the service was handled by the church itself. the secret service had asked that there not be publicity ab

churchill was write. in the 13th century the tribes made incursions into egypt rather than the other way around. one can't imagine what king farooque had been thinking of trying to make an untrue historical point to winston churchill, of all people. i have particular interest in king farooque in that his last mistress once made a pass at me. in the rest of the war churchill compared the exposed position to napoleon's at one time. he told stalin about the battles in blenheim. he contrasted cairo in 1942 to napoleon's defense of paris in 1814. told the king in 1943 if india were finally separated from your majesty's dough mminions and toe royal college of physicians in 1944 the longer you look back, the further you can look forward. he noted, when he reached one of the great rivers in italy, here the defeat sealed the fate of carthage. so i suggested we go across too. i'll stop at the end of the war. there were many occasions when he cited historical parallels to amplify his messages. on the evening of his

churchill's granddaughter wrote a book about churchill's travels, and she said it would be hard to find a more evocative setting for this service because this was the home of george washington. it's a beautiful setting and a sacred space. and so they sat here in the washington family pew and the service was special at many levels. the church was packed. a lot of secret service were in the church. troops in steel helmets with bayonets rang the church. they sang for him one of the was the battle hymn of the republic. churchill had never heard this before, and the director reports as he sang it, tears were streaming down his face. unashamedly at the beauty of it. in fact, churchill picked that to be one of the hymns at his own funeral years later, which he said was in honor of his american mother. the service was not about nonviolence. it was about the war and winning the war. and above all, it was a service of humility and asking god to forgive america's sins. this was roosevelt's goal. he had in his proclamation for the national day of prayer, had described that goal for the day. and so

but how about churchill?ins us now to explain why this fairly unknown locale should be on your must-visit list.. ((2 shot)) churchill is an unknown to most americans. in fact, it's an unknown to many canadians. but that's okay.. don't let that dissuade you. it's just another reason to visit. ((vo tape 1)) cg1=churchill, canada in all likelihood, bay area travelers are going to fly to churchill via winnipeg, in the canadian province of manitoba. in the five-minute or so drive into town one of the first things you'll notice.. along with the lack of traffic.. is the colorful murals painted on assorted buildings. with a population of around 900, it's what you won't find in churchill that really ups its charm. no traffic lights. one gas station, one grocery store, four restaurants, and i think three bars. set along the shores of the hudson bay, it's picturesque.. and for all intents and purpose.. the easily accessible arctic. ((vo tape 2)) belugas cg2=hudson bay churchill, canada and it has a way of showing off. t

i also want to thank the churchill family who do so much to keep winston's flame alive. celia and randolph, yes. randolph, of course. we owe you so much for all the work that you do and make a joy of winston so -- so much fun. and we heard so many votes of thanks to day from michael bishop and lawrence galahoo, who thanks everybody. but one thing they haven't thanked is themselves. and we owe them a huge debt of thanks. michael and lawrence. having made our society and our love of winston not only so much fun but also so incredibly successful. and i cannot tell you how, you know, these things don't happen by accident. they happen through a great deal of work. and michael, lawrence, it's largely been your work. so thank you very much indeed for that. you were talking earlier about -- lawrence, about who is going to say no to a churchill and delighted to discover you haven't said no to a churchill, you and jenny are actually going to be a proper couple very soon. i can't tell you how delighted i am about that. [ applause ] yeah. well. but do you ever feel that you've arriv

and i was delighted to discover you haven't said no to a churchill. you and jenny are actually going to be a proper couple very soon. and i can't tell you how delighted i am about that. [ applause ] but, you know -- do you ever feel that you have arrived at the wrong party? i kind of feel like that. i am a writer of fiction. and i am surrounded by some of the finest historians of our age and the most eminent chi chians on the planet and i simply write works of fiction. of course, writing novels is not a proper job. it was all the thought of margaret thatcher. you may remember her. she was the woman who president mitterrand of france when he first met her went back to paris. he said, i've met this woman. she has the lips of marilyn monroe and the eyes of caligula. [ laughter ] . 30 years ago, i was her chief of staff. chief of staff of the conservative party. i'm sad to say we had a tremendous falling out. it happens. there is nothing auto neek about falling out with margaret. she rather insisted on it. laugh will i remember just a few weeks later afte

it was churchill who courted roosevelt. it was the president who swiftly dominated the relationship. but as a quote. it's very much at the center of this book. and there is much that we can learn from it. he said famously and it is better in that part of his nature in his strategy and his thinking is seldom remembered. his wise advice to pursue negotiations and diplomacy's so long as there's still hope remains true speaking to the school boys. never never never nothing great or small large or petty never give in except to convictions of honor and good sense never yielded to force. in the balance between these two wise statements the whole art of statesmanship in character. of governing which saved britain in 1940 when she was alone they would still have to market the leadership the month of may 1940. it was a huge turning point. the british army was rescued. winston churchill assumed power asserting his full authority. making it clear on june 18, 1940. that hitler would have to break in that island the island or lose the wa

and it's progress. >> last question back to churchill. one of the extraordinary and affecting pargts of t ining par. everybody read of the black dog, he had depression, and self-doubt. here we see it in technicolor. a lot of effort to portray this great hero also with all of his vulnerabilities. >> that was one of the reservations that i initially had, apart from my striking resemblance to winston churchill. >> 200 hours in the makeup seat. >> such an ol -- mythologized, can you get past the statue and reach the man? do you know, you talk to earlier, about the beginning about the, the ols cscar buzz, had a set visit, 17 of the churchills they have embraced this film and they loved, loved the movie. and, they, randolph just, loves the portrayal. that is to me -- and he feels, all, you captured my great grandpa pa. you know the humor, energy. and that's, that's my oscar. right there. >> gary oldman. thank you very much. >> thank you. >> gary oldman, skillfully bringing our interview full circle. a final thought tonight which perhaps puts th

here's gary oldman as winston churchill in "darkest hour."obtain the best conditions possible. hitler will not insist on outrageous terms. he will know his own weaknesses. he will be reasonable. >> when will the lesson be learned? when will the lesson be learned? how many more dictators must be wooed? appeased? good god, giving him [ indiscernible ] before we learn? you cannot reason with a tiger when your head is in its mouth! >> jimmy: yes! [ cheers and applause ] that's how you do it! head is in his mouth! yes! gary oldman, everybody. [ cheers and applause ] go see "darkest hour" in select theaters november 22nd. we'll be right back with gigi hadid. stick around, everybody. [ cheers and applause ] ♪ this is electricity. ♪ this is a power plant. this is tim barckholtz. that's me! this is something he is researching at exxonmobil: using fuel cells to capture carbon emissions at power plants. this is the potential. reducing co2 emissions by up to 90%... while also producing more power. this could be big. energy lives here. directv has been ra

churchill was a historian.he thought inevitably the united states would come in, especially if hitler invaded the soviet union, we would see a global war. i don't think you when you start a war, you start a war with the idea that i cannot hit my enemy's homeland, i cannot destroy its industry, i cannot stop its air force, and that's exactly what hitler did to britain. so -- [inaudible] >> so what, if you had to say the most important battle of world war ii, what was it? stalingrad? >> yeah, i think it is stalingrad. people say, well, the turning point was kimsing the next year or -- '43 or operation -- [inaudible] but if you look at the point where was the axis tied, not just stopped, but stopped in such dramatic fashion that it would not be able -- [inaudible] it was stalingrad. the sixth army was their premier army. they didn't need to -- [inaudible] sort of an optional attack on stalingrad partly because it was an iconic city, partly -- [audio difficulty] but it was sort of like the athenian expedition. it w

." >> churchill, there he is.ter ] >> sethi i know you just finished filming "mama mia 2." you were a huge fan of -- yeah, give it up for "mama mia"" [ cheers and applause ] >> seth: like them you were also a huge fan. how many times had you seen "mama mia?" >> well, somewhere between like eight and ten. >> seth: yeah. >> i was obsessed -- i'm an obsessive really which is -- >> seth: that's okay. >> that's okay. >> seth: i think it's good that you know. >> i used to every year for my birthday my parents would take me to see a show, and i went to "mama mia" several times, and i love abba, and so it was -- a lot of my friends have been in the west end show so there's kind of like a whole group of us that have been in like a little family. yeah. >> seth: and just the excitement of getting to be in this show that meant a lot to you, you play a young meryl streep, so that -- what is more stressful, playing a young meryl streep or playing winston churchill's personal secretary? because both seem to be very high stress r

it would have happened eventually, and churchill precluded that.that was know noh way he would cut a deal and he had confidence we would come in and hitler would eventually fulfill the tenets of "mein kampf" and go east. by '43 he said their cert thing wes criticize now. going the islands was foolish there is no soft underbelly of europe. most people attack italy from the north, going through sicily up the spine never worked and never worked for us, never got into austria. that said, he had an idea that the soviet union was necessary, would cause problems two or three years ahead of americans, and he was adamant we do not land in normandie in '42, or '43 or early '44 and he did it because he was trying to tell us, you're doing enough. you're bombing. you're losing 80,000 airmen. you're fighting in italy now. you're fighting the japanese. don't buy that's from stalin we have to invade and destroy a whole army because we promised a second front. spiritually, if you look at his speeches in '43 and '44 nobody could articulate what the allies were fight

mayor stoney: we are going to churchill. ashley: so what makes churchill distinct? mayor stoney: it is part of the original layout of richmond. right here on the st. john's church. ashley: tell me for those who do not know what happened at st. john's church, tell me about that spot. mayor stoney: i know many people have their textbooks out right now. everybody has heard of a guy named patrick henry, we know his favorite speech "give , me liberty or give me death." ashley: you still preserved the church. when you go through richmond, you're kind of walking among history next to these modern restaurants and modern shops. how do you make sure that you keep that nod to history alive while still advancing the city? mayor stoney: well you know, this is about tourism, what attracts people to your city. i think one of the most attractive -- not only do we have great historic features and we also have, you know a great , river that runs through the city as well. the rapids, but history is what keeps people coming back and coming back and coming back. if history brings you he

churchill said that he called him a jackal. and on your knees begging to kill you at your throat. tuesday i will go to berlin. and settle sorts of things but with a history of wars with that it advertent but exclamatory that causes the war we will not go to work calling rocket man but we don't face sultry is in the defensive spier. -- south korea is in the defensive spier in rigo get involved in those wars. so i do think that is provocative but to reassure the aggressor we will not be unpredictable very predictable and what we try to do with north korea to say they are much stronger but there is a streak within us so we have a history did not want to encounter again. but that translates to the judicious people that can use that. i think this national security team are all seasoned people and they understand history you want to have a little bit of unpredictability. >> we have two minutes left so very quickly you describe that geopolitical vacuum is there any risk of any geopolitical of arriving?. >> i have more it looking at the chinese are telling our allies with the airspace bas

for not abiding by democratic principles in eastern europe, was never in churchill's gift to deliver. it was in a sense of harry truman's gift here. it was america's gift. >>> we're leaving our american history tv programming for a briefing with house republicans reacting to passage of tax reform legislation this afternoon. the vote on the bill was 227-203. it will now head to the senate for consideration this afternoon. >> chairman. here, here. >> good afternoon, everyone. when house republicans began this journey, we had two goals in mind. we believed the americans deserved a tax code built for growth. for the growth of their jobs, they paycheck and america's economy. we believed america could leap forward for that next new job and next new business. today we achieved those goals. and as we go forward, i want american taxpayers to think of three dates and keep them in mind. new year's day, america will have a new tax code for a new era of american prosperity. february 1st, look at your paychecks. because you'll see the tax relief we delivered today. on april 15th, you will for the

churchill so that we can give him some applause. my question is, what did they substitute in place of the banning of hazing and banning of -- because they do something. so now what do they do? and are there offcampus and secret meetings or whatever to substitute for that? >> well, what -- that's a good question. >> the pledging. >> with pledging, the way supposed to work is you pick the brothers you want based on interviewing them and talking to them and make them an immediate offer, and they become full members within 96 hours, which means there's not really a lot of time to do any kind of hazing. and there's not supposed to be any kind of force evidence servitude or forced drinking. a lot of members when this happened said this can't be enforced. they're going to do it anyway, just like you were saying. and there was some concern it would hurt -- there's the long tradition of this in the military, don't want people who be -- >> boys will be boys. >> definitely boys will be boys. and if i -- not to put steve on the spot. i'm sure h

this keynote address at the international churchill conference in new york city is 40 minutes. >> i would like to ask -- we have a guest speaker tonight, and i would like to ask the very beautiful, talented and brilliant lisa to come up tonight if you would. lisa is a fantastic journalist. seven years of fox news. publishes foreign desk. and she has the privilege of -- no, actually, that's wrong. lord dobbs has the privilege of being introduced by lisa. [ applause ]