winston churchill is the reason why churchill's announce the onset of the cold war which would continue for 43 years. as he did in the 1930s 1940s churchill saw things early and said things clearly. i haven't amiable long distance disagreement as a child of central illinois i insist lincoln is the greatest figure in the history of world politics. and everyone insists it is churchill. this much is indisputable. the only remaining argument he did something that great hoarders can do cap the imagination, anxiety, puzzlement, a phrase that riveted attention, is into two syllable words the high stakes of the politics, it was of course iron curtain. the word iron suggested the danger of permanence as did the beginning of august of 1961 the concrete of the berlin wall. but part of churchill's realism which is my subject today is the knowledge that nothing necessarily lasts. nothing. the only political things that last work tirelessly to make permanent or to get rid of. the second phrase iron curtain, the phrase which itself has lasted is the word curtain. curtains are put up to prevent people

churchill knew this. he knew the tragic dimension of history, which is that intense human desires will always exist and will always conflict. four months after the u.s. invasion of iraq in july, 2003, a british prime minister, tony blair, told a joint session of the u.s. congress that it is a myth that quote our attachment to freedom is a product of our culture. blair added, ours are not western values, they are the universal value of the human spirit and anywhere, anytime that ordinary people are given a chance to choose, the choice is the same. freedom not tyranny. democracy not dictatorship. well, churchill himself, a historian of distinction and a keen student of history knew better. he knew that not everyone everywhere shares our attachment to freedom or even our definition of freedom. some people prefer piety. or they prefer social solidarity, or they prefer order. there are lots of competing values. freedom is but one. churchill knew our attachment to freedom and the institutions indispensable for

he doesn't trust churchill. with at 4 o'clock this morning, hitler attacked and invaded russia suddenly with our declaration of war without even algae, megan, the german bomb rain down from the guy a been the russian. that is, russian danger is therefore our danger and the danger of the united state school. 2 days later us, president roosevelt also gives a speech supporting the ussr.

for churchill. he had no trust of the british. and fact saw the british has penetrating much of the united states state department intelligence agencies, academic institutions, all to more or less influence the united states and government and academia, to being much more in line with the british. atlanta assist agenda ah, ah, the united states war is wal put businesses business in return for help. and in exchange, buffalo global one destroy is the u. s. demands the right to use. 8 british military base is in the atlantic. ah, we didn't receive anything from the u. s. that we didn't painful in 1940 alone written pays the united states for and a half $1000000.00 in cash. a huge amount of money at the time. when roosevelt danced the u. k, his ability to pay, he sends it, cruised at the cape town where 50000000 pounds of british gold reserves stored. in desperation, chance you'll rise to roosevelt. in the midst of war, great britain is close to bankruptcy. roosevelt seized no benefits in britain's defe

he doesn't trust churchill.

, and victor, john churchill, his father was a descendant to the duke of mowbray. his mother was the daughter of a prominent american financier, churchill, graduated from the royal military college, but never received a higher education. he was a bit of a trouble maker. he did not go to university. he did not want to. i think he cause some trouble at school, but it was a very good school harrow, a former british diplomat also william melanson is well acquainted with winston churchill, his biography, or the greatest britain ever. according to a b. b. c poll, he started a military career actually in cuba. he was actually fighting for spain against the rebels in cuba. and then he was in india. he then went of saddam was even at the battle of om doorman and he saw serious military action. he was in the boer war fighting, and he was actually imprisoned and escaped. more than that, he also enlisted during the great war, what we call a 1st world war, churchill. i was also a romantic figure. he wanted to be a great war leader, large shoes or largess, are famous forebear. t

he doesn't trust churchill. at 4 o'clock this morning, a hitler attacked and invaded russia. suddenly, without declaration, the war without even algae made him. the german bomb rain down from the guy a been the russian. that is, russian danger is therefore our danger and the danger of the united state school. 2 days later us, president roosevelt also gives a speech supporting you ssr a deborah, other political forces in the united states territory makes his speech in december of 41. and the senate is as if the russians are when he wishes to port the germans at. if the germans are, when we support the russians and that way, let them destroy each other. there was that kind of sentiment in the west at this time. dangerous destructive, roosevelt wound stall in of japan's intention to attack the soviet union. but soviet intelligence response stake the via tank is still in doubt. it's imperative that the u. s. makes it clear to japan that if they attack the soviet union will have support but the british and american a

ah, churchill, appears everywhere. a tall piles of rubble left by and strikes in factories and hospitals. it gave speeches works on military plans. for his age, judging only 60 sakes, he himself would have rushed into the battle. mm. but england cannot withstand germany alone. churchill asked roosevelt for help. roosevelt had no affection for churchill, he had no trust of the british. in fact, saw the british has penetrating much of the united states state department intelligence agencies, academic institutions, all to more or less influence the united states and government and academia, to being much more in line with the british. atlanta assist agenda ah, the united states, thieves. war is wal put businesses business in return for help and in exchange, buffalo will, will one destroy as the u. s. demands the right to use 8 british military bases in the atlantic. ah, we didn't receive anything from the u. s. that we didn't painful in $940.00 alone booking page, the united states, 4 and a half $1000000.00 in cash. a hug

it cemented churchill's legacy.hen you think about it, if that had failed and this was three weeks after the germans marched into france. if that had failed, if dunkirk had resulted in all of those pleasure crafts that came across to rescue men getting started on -- getting flooded on the beaches, it wouldn't just be the end of the prime minister, but the end of britain as a nation. there would have been no one left to defend it in the nazis could have watch them for what they had later done. >> june 4 was the successful conclusion and winston churchill made his address to the nation in june of 1940. [video clip] >> fighting in france, fight in the seas and oceans. fight with growing confidence and growing strength in the air. we shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches. we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields, and in the streets. we shall fight in the hills. we shall never surrender. and if -- which i do not for a moment's, this island, subjugated

for churchill. he had no trust of the british and fact saw the british has penetrating much of the united states. state department intelligence agencies, academic institutions, all to more or less influence the united states and government and academia to being much more in the line with the british. atlanta assist agenda ah, the united states things war is rule with businesses business in return for help. and in exchange, buffalo global one destroys the u. s. demands the right to use 8 british military bases in the atlantic. ah, we didn't receive anything from the u. s. that we didn't pay for in $940.00 alone. 15 pays the united states for and a half $1000000.00 in cash. a huge amount of money at the time. when roosevelt down the u. k is.

clementine churchill became the 1st financial donor. mm. the fund eventually raised a total of more than $9000000.00 pounds sterling. but to so much center was national nearby. kimberly miller, the number of conventions which is repeated you before by then you have got you could've been cute of talk manager. i'm bringing my to her plastic her to jack or a boucher that would have been you might be fewer still same. you ask you for use the she shared through the company. i knew what was moralist. you put a bus unit was coming here martha clementine, chill, chill undertook of 40 to day 2 of russian cities. ah, she brought medical equipment for red army soldiers. ah. she met chocolate factory workers and brought gifts to schools and children's homes. ah. and in this unique footage, she needs pioneers at the famous tank childrens cam. ah, she more miles come by beauty and the bill of b to stand in contorted doors look at the realization to form is katara bullock of my 1st contract lou, the soviet government, awarded clementine churchill, the ord

it was obvious for everyone, including churchill. later he said, cold between the great russian bear on one side of the american buffalo on the other there was, i know poor little english donkey ah, the key issue of the terror conference, the opening of a 2nd front froze. again. we have too many things to do at home to waste our time here says starling. he was going to leave the conference after that the allies promised to open the 2nd front. no later as an inmate 1944. a constructive dialogue began with aaron's future and europe's post will architecture . what disgust? mm. roosevelt proposed to divide germany into 5 small states. churchill agreed, but started and insisted on preserving germany's unity to get on the boat. b. huddle shows in my flesh, renews. you are still chris up. i'll try to roy, can you carbonella mustard? could you construct you in the cochran number of to get on you? ah, ah, with she and when, but it looks like so we're showing a little who has recently been diagnosed with center of chicago. lots of them will pi

enough of churchill . and so that even though now he's revered is, is gray war. later, at the time, the british people were not quite as busy as think about as leadership. churchill negotiated in potsdam for 9 days. the conference was concluded by new british prime minister clement at lee law board. miss johnson, my stuff still had thrown one shorter comfortable mustard except from sher utah, w a. r. d of material models. roosevelt was convinced that the lasting piece was impossible, without the soviet union. roosevelt was the last us leader who pursued peace, not wall the last cable. the roosevelt wrote the churchill right before he died. he said the issues between us and the soviets come up every day. and they all worked out and they get resolved. we should continue to work together. rose that was convinced that he, that the americans in the soviets would remain friends and allies in the postwar period. mm. in potsdam truman got a message. it's a little boy about the atomic bomb when he told stone and ab

ah ah churchill goal was to preserve the british empire. the united states wanted an open world there, which american dollar could penetrate, which american trade would have access everywhere and to market and to labor had 2 resources around the globe. so they had very different kinds of conflict. the interest with john chill installing of an impending attack on the u. s. s. huh. in the face of great danger. he seeks an alliance with russia. stalin doesn't reply. he doesn't trust churchill at 4 o'clock this morning. hibler attacked and invaded russia suddenly with our declaration of war without even algae megan, the german bomb rein, doubting, from the guy a been the russian. that is russian danger is therefore our danger and the danger of the united states. 2 days later, u. s. president roosevelt also gives a speech supporting the ussr a deborah other political forces in the united states territory makes a speech in december of 41 and the senate is as if the russians are when they wish to report the germans at the germans. or when we suppo

at churchill request, roosevelt sends american ships loaded with grain to bengal by churchill to verse them to europe. and roosevelt is well aware of it. there was no doubt in anyone's mind that there was a great catastrophe unfolding and been gall. a church of the decision was so be it. ah, the 1st meeting, renting can change his roosevelt's attitude to style it. it's a pleasure working with him. there's nothing devious. the outlines the subject, he wants disgust, and he sticks to it. roosevelt warms up the stolid and he starts talking us dollar and making fun of the british making in front of churchill says winston got out of bed on the wrong side today. and by the end of that, he was to call him uncle joe. and in some ways, as the u. s. and the soviets were more on the same page in certain respects than the u. s. and the british were at the time, during the same period, the germans offered stalin a trade for his son, yackel, who was being held in a concentration camp and his change. but general field marshal feed, rick palace captured near stalingrad the kremlin mazda answered, i do

ah, churchill, had gone under the war seeking power. it was avenue the true, the prime minister shook. mm. yoseph is ariana village starlin. original named joe gut, feeling the son of a shoemaker and a peasant woman. he had ruled the country since 1922. if you look objectively at the achievements of the soviet he and geron stollins period, you would have to say that they were tremendous. social welfare benefits were provided to the soviet population of medical care education, living standards, new professor grove, a 3rd, ph. d, at montana state university in new jersey is well known for his work on soviet history and politics. he was a major political figure, certainly one of the most prominent political leaders of the 20th century. but at 1st the allies treat uncle joe as style and is referred to in the west with arrogance. the soviet leda was from a low social background and had been through prisons and exile. stalin rose from the lowest of the ranks. he in fact named himself, stalin, which means man of steel. scott bennett, the count

not go ahead. churchill flies to moscow. i the situation on the soviet frontline is dying. the nazis are advancing to the cuban a north caucuses under approaching stalingrad vista in sun senior lieutenant jago gush feeley is in captivity and announced a concentration camp. don skip him yet, but he a whole must court now which and to roland options, virginia, california here. but i live for to just get up shell, says churchill, and which in hall had met it. he of course, are pretty more venial. i'm gonna charge the vogtle system dumpster yesterday. would you charge ross dot ordination kirkwood start working till a door? if door door was so swine showing you pollution. mm. churchill wants to leave moscow. but stop and invite him to his criminal apartment. the banquet last more than 7 hours, and they begin to get along. if only i could dine with starlit once a week. it would be no trouble at all. so, november 1943 cheiron, the iranian capital. all 3 countries have embassies hair. it's the 1st big meeting of the big 3. stolen mu

he doesn't trust churchill. at 4 o'clock this morning, hibler attacked and invaded russia suddenly, with our declaration of war, without even an elgin made him the german bomb raining down from the sky above the russians in russian danger. if therefore, our danger and the danger of the united states 2 days later us president roosevelt awesome gives a speech supporting the ussr. but there are other political forces in the united states. territory makes his speech in december of 41 and the senate is as if the russians are winning wishing to port the germans at the germans. or when we support the russians and that way, let them destroy each other. there was that kind of sentiment in the west at this time. dangerous destructive, roosevelt wound stolen of japan's intention to attack the soviet union. but soviet intelligence reports thanked the via tank is still in doubt. it's imperative that the u. s. makes it clear to japan that if they attack the soviet union will have support but the british and american authoriti

to what extent did churchill distrust the soviet union, to what extent did winston churchill was afraidf the expansion of the influence of the soviet union and the fact that the eastern part of europe would be subordinated to the ussr and communist regimes would arise there, here are churchill's attitudes towards the ussr to the joint introduction of hostilities, even during but at the time when the anti-hitler coalition was fighting the third rake in 43 -44, a rather weighty rough visible was visible and it differed, say, from the position of us president franklin delan roosevelt, who even criticized churchill and said that winston churchill thinks too much about what will happen after the war, and now a priority. first of all, to defeat the germans. that's to keep the victory over hitler by his allies. and as you can see, well, it has just ended, the second world war has not yet begun, even the hostilities against japan in the rear east, and the british have already connected and began to develop, and operations against, uh, the armed forces of the red army and it is significant that

churchill put differently, he can't be trusted. one of the soviet sniper clocks working at a soviet embassy in canada defects to the west and defects with a huge bundle of explosive documents that reveal soviets have been spying on the american nuclear program, what is taking place with western allies developing a nuclear warhead. these two events are really important and the third thing, don't know how well known it is, george kennan, the famous diplomat in the american embassy in moscow writes his famous long telegram, in a similar tone to churchill set out the facts that the soviets cannot be trusted. in 1946 these three things happen, with haole continually banging on the drum, this is when truman begins to change his foreign-policy completely and you end up with the truman doctrine to protect countries threatened by the soviet union and followed by the marshall plan a dramatic turnaround in policy which is the idea to rebuild germany and rebuild germany in a democratic western form basically. everything begins to change and ha

what surprised me, the extent to which both roosevelt and churchill and then truman and churchill were prepared to trust stalin. they really believe that stalin was a man of his word. stalin clearly had no intention once so ever of living up to all the promises he made particular the promises he made at yalta. by the time the war comes to an end, the red army has swept into eastern europe. stalin has basically got everything he wants. truman and churchill are really, they've, they're in a bit of a backseat there. because a stalin has won everything he wants. yet they go on wanting to work with him. wanting to keep up this wartime alliance. and that's where the real tension comes in with colonel howley it on the ground in berlin. saying, hold on, this is ridiculous. this guy cannot be trusted. he wants to kick us out of berlin. it is his persistence, really, that begins to change policy. that i found fascinating. it's all happening on a very personal level. >> do you think that the other peoples, outside of howley, who is ready to be firm right away, do you think the other peoples resis