correspondent on your part of her looks at why nonviolence was such an important tactic in the civil rights movement. rutherglen rest has always played an important role in the struggle for civil rights peaceful tactics are vital to the movement as well in one thousand forty two a man named james farmer began a sit in at the jack sprat coffee shop and mobile alabama in protest of unequal treatment of black customers who were made to wait and charge higher prices for their donuts and coffee farmer and his friends sat in the shop demanding to be served as local police told the owner there was nothing they could do and they actually one core or the congress of racial equality was formed these same peaceful tactics would help fuel the civil rights movement just a few years later in december one thousand fifty five dr martin luther king jr organized the monk omri bus boycott after rosa parks refused to give up her seat to a white man twelve months later the bus system was desegregated across the country from birmingham to washington to chicago king brought peaceful demonstrators. sions to demand an end t

correspondent on your part in power looks at why nonviolence was such an important tactic in the civil rights movement. well civil unrest has always played an important role in the struggle for civil rights peaceful tactics are vital to the movement as well in one hundred forty two a man named james farmer began a sit in at the jack sprat coffee shop and mobile alabama in protest of unequal treatment of black customers who were made to wait and charge higher prices for their donuts and coffee farmer and his friend sat in the shop demanding to be served as local police told the owner there was nothing they could do and they actually one core or the congress of racial equality was formed these same peaceful tactics would help fuel the civil rights movement just a few years later in december one hundred fifty five dr martin luther king jr organized among the many bus boycott after rosa parks refused to give up her seat to a white man twelve months later the bus system was desegregated across the country from birmingham to washington to chicago can brought peaceful demonstrations to demand an end to racis

suggest but instead in the way the civil rights movement. it worked i mean i was there i was involved the civil rights movement the ku klux klan was much stronger then than it is now in the deep south the ku klux klan virtually ran the south with the ways of the council and states like illinois exactly exactly and the swordswoman kept the eye on the prize rather than keeping the eye on the k.k.k. and kept pushing pushing pushing campaign after campaign after campaign they stayed on the offensive and that's the that's the secret although at the end there was a disintegration of the southern christian leadership with the rise of the black power movement and even a demonization i saw in those movement oh that's right and as soon as they lost that sense of going on the offense of choosing campaign after campaign and winning those campaigns that's when that's when what you describe happened they lost their momentum the important thing about what happened in norway and sweden was they kept their momentum the campaign's continued to grow grow in num

month bombly -- montgomery was the center of the civil rights movement off and on. t do you recall from the famous bus boycott there? i know you were only 3 years old at the time, but it reverberated throughout the years. >> that's right. i was 3 years old when they had the montgomery bus boycott. the main thing i remember was a man named olivia love worked for my family, and i remember my father, who had a very bad temper, got mad at libby because he was going to have to pick her up every morning. and as far as i know, most black people in montgomery who worked for white families, they would say i'm afraid to ride the bus. and my father i remember yelling at libby, you're scared of some old abernathy, ralph abernathy was in montgomery at the time, and i thought it was something like a werewolf or something like that. so that's the main thing i remember about the bus boycott. after the boycott was over, the bus stopped right in front of our house, so i'd ride the bus downtown with my grandmother usually, and the buses at that time had one seat in the very back of the

freedom's daughter which we have not talked about, the unsung heroines of the civil rights movement came out in 2001. a question of honor came out in 2003. troublesome young men, rebels who brought churchill to power and help save england, citizens of london, "citizens of london: the americans who stood with britain in its darkest, finest hour" came out in 2010. "those angry days: roosevelt, lindbergh, and america's fight over world war ii, 1939-1941" came out in 2013. her most recent book "last hope island: britain, occupied europe, and the brotherhood that helped turn the tide of war". we are going to be taking your calls and social media

the first of a 3 volume biography of martin luther king but it is really a history of the civil rights movement in the 1950-60s, brilliant, brilliant book. i was reading it and kept running across names of women who played a role in the civil rights movement, taylor wrote really well about them but in my opinion didn't include enough. i wanted to know more about them. many more women who i had never even heard of so i went looking for a book about them and couldn't find one, couldn't find a book about women in the civil rights movement so decided to write it myself so turned out to be "freedom's daughters: the unsung heroines of the civil rights movement from 1830 to 1970". >> we have some video of one of the women. >> gathering like the day is not enough. you have to go back and reach out to your neighbors who don't speak to you and reach out to your friends who they say i'm making it good, get them to understand that they as well as you and i cannot be free in america or anywhere else where there is capitalism and imperialism. until -- until -- until we can get people to recognize that they t

got home boys, all the reason the latinos get right is because what black folks did in the civil rights movement the man's fault? >> no. let me let you know something, ladies, about men. they have a don't give a damn chip installed right here. it's activated as soon as you open up your mouth, okay? you know, as women we hold on to stuff too long. i went out with this guy for three years. great guy, great relationship. he cheated on me. i forgave him. you know we don't forget about that. every time we got into an argument, i brought it right back up. he couldn't get away with nothing. you know we out of cookies? what? did that bitch eat them cookies? [ cheers and applause ] [ laughter ] you only eat cookies with me. i'm the only cookie eater here in the house. >> you talking about a good marriage? i heard you was thinking about getting marriage. >> marriage is really nothing more than two people who just agree on a bunch of stuff. that's all any relationship is. you go to church? yeah, i go to church too. okay. well, do you watch movies? yeah, i like movies do. let's have sex. okay. can i really

you know, the civil rights movement didn't start with brown v. board of ed.t started seven years earlier when jackie robinson crossed the color line, muhammad ali and the vietnam war -- you could go on and on. so i think this is in the tradition of civil disobedience in america. and, finally, i will say that, we wouldn't be talking about this were it not for president trump's comments. and the conservative pundit john podhoretz had a great tweet, which is, "trump's pavlovian, and we're all dogs," that by pointing fingers and arguing about this, we're taking his bait. this is divide-and-conquer politics. he wanted to distract us from healthcare failing again and so forth. >> sam. >> i was gonna say exactly that. i think donald trump has demonstrated the most unpatriotic performance among all of us by dividing us. that's not what the president of the united states is intended to be. that's not what george washington had in mind when, for example, he resisted calls to enter the -- a war between france and england. that's not what he had in mind when he stood up

about 1960, relatively few angelo protestants were strongly involved in the african-american civil rights movement. relative few angelo protestants. the angelo protestants that were involved as allies of martin luther king were overwhelmingly missionary background. the more that the liberal protestants got alive with the civil rights movement the more evangelicals say oh you are meddling with politics. studentsic with the gospel. -- stick with the gospel. we need to change people's hearts first. billie graham used to say that. the liberals say that's not enough. we have to change the laws, change institutions. that was an example of where american politics was affected by liberal protestants. >> you have talked more about also heareas of american life, foreign service for example, but we will have to come back to those in just a minute or so here on mosaic. we'll be back. >>> welcome back to mosaic. we are with dr. david hollinger. one of the books he's written is after cloven tongues of fire about modern liberal protestantism in american history. we are talking specifically now about the missiona

civil rights activist. and last night i watched the freedom riders documentary. and there were so many white people involved in the civil rights movement, and i don't know if we always recognize that. it was a civil rights movement of all types of people that knew that this, you know, injustice is wrong, period. it doesn't matter who it's inflicted upon. it's wrong. and so yes, definitely a lot of the students were a product of their environment. if your church is telling you that integration is an abomination against god, why would we think the students would behave otherwise. does anybody else have any questions? >> were there any white churches that spoke out? >> there were quite a few white ministers, and i don't know the names of the churches. but on the first day, some white ministers joined some black ministers, and other community members to walk the students to school. grace lohrch who i talked about, worked at a historically black college, and they were heavily involved in the naacp. >> did you attend central high school? >> oh, i'm a different story. i grew up in canada. i was born and raised in canada. so i missed it. but n

turning that civil-rights movement and driven by youth. one of the most important movements in the civil rights movement. soda to say a word about the young people growing up in the south was a good idea? martin luther king did not think it was a good idea. but the young people went ahead they were 13 and 14 and 16 when they see the picture that time referred to and great many of them a great many of them marked the day point in their footsteps toward joining this movement to transform the nation. in this and the horrifying strategy but you can never forget that. they broke his fever which is the strongest bone in the body. they had to jump up and down on it to do that. there in the equipment shed and clipped his year off. and shattered his goal into many pieces. and popped his eye out with a metal instrument. all of this driven by i white supremacy. this country's birthplace not constituconstitu tion hall in in philadelphia where thomas jefferson wrote the declaration of independence by a person of the death of voter ship but the mother of

now the important issues in the mid 1960s, most important issues were the civil rights movement and the anti-war movement. and so as children, myself and my brothers and sisters, there were six of us altogether, were involved in civil rights demonstrations, anti-war demonstrations and so on. it was a very rich childhood in a lot of ways. not monetarily but in experiences. so in 1965 the war had really started -- the war in vietnam had really started to heat up. there was a bombing campaign called rolling thunder where they flew the big bombers, the big b-52 bombers and bombed in north vietnam. a lot of people that i was associated with thought that was a horrible thing and they decided to have a protest in washington, d.c. and so i asked my parents if i could go to that protest with the two charter buses that went from iowa, and i was given permission to go on that bus trip and be part of that big national demonstration. on the bus ride back the people on the bus discussed what they might do to continue to protest the war, and it was decided that we would wear arm bands, black arm bands

also involved in the civil rights movement they found the majority of people for those that were involved in the civil-rights so there is a basis that they would stop the civil rights movement. but a piece of the documentary limited to that quite a bit. >> diane a published author in to capture the essence in to express feelings i in in the process the of illustrating the book so when you start to ask questions y that you ever considered the authorized biography?. >> when i started to work on the books they found that i was doing this they have divided be willing. and exchange to give me access to the family and he died in take after the money. that was the the issue but it was the type of poker went to write. with the author your subject to the up partner in their wishes. they may not want certain things and he was clear he was not as neat and talked about it a lot later in life. it is the angeles keeping track of the good things the of the bad things if there were more good things he would go to heaven. but he did a lot of bad things that needed to make up for that. in which that act of

correspondent on your part in power looks at why nonviolence was such an important tactic in the civil rights movement. rutherglen rest has always played an important role in the struggle for civil rights peaceful tactics are vital to the movement as well in one thousand forty two a man named james farmer began a sit in at the jack sprat coffee shop and mobile alabama in protest of unequal treatment of black customers who were made to wait and charge higher prices for their donuts and coffee farmer and his friends sat in the shop demanding to be served as local police told the owner there was nothing they could do and they actually one core or the congress of racial equality was formed these same peaceful tactics would help fuel the civil rights movement just a few years later in december one thousand fifty five dr martin luther king jr organized among.

>> i can make one comment i'm a vietnam veteran and at the time, i was also involved in a civil rights movement. and i did find that the majority of the people drafted were those of us who were involved in the civil rights movement in black. my unit was mostly black so there's a basis for his belief that the government was out to stop that civil rights movement at time. >> that's interesting certainly no question that black americans were serving and dying in disproportionate numbers if you can see the documentary they went into that quite a bit. >> morning jonathon i'm a published author as well and when you spoke about really capture essence and so forth and be sure that you were -- getting -- getting expressing things the way that they actually were and debunking myths and so forth, i'm in the process right now of ghost writing a book, and so i've got that same obligation but even a little more of finding their voice. what i'm wondering is before when you started asking questions they were asking how much money before that did you pfer consider an authorized if i or o want to be totally free

this new generation of black women demanded to be an interval part of thegral civil rights movement. baker said the movement of the 1950's and 1960's was carried largely by women. i'm going to pause in the early 1960's. reproductive rights. the birth-control movement had bed advancing during the same. in 1920.ffrage there was less fanfare to avoid itscontroversy over founder, margaret sanger. 1910 was arrested and fled the country and avoided trial. arrested fors disturbing birth-control pamphlets and was the first in jail in 1916 before the women's party members. sanger founded planned parenthood in 1942. sanger was viewed as an embarrassment by the younger generation until the introduction of the pill in 1961. ine again.ecame a hero 1920, 1960 works on both the pink and blue lines. kennedytion of john followed by his assassination, dr. king's march on washington and the bombing of the birmingham church in 1963 all fall on the blue timer. and passage of the equal pay act are markers on the timeline. the lines come together in 1964 when the fight for the civil derailedt was almost by

we have a place in the modern civil rights movement. 60 years later we returned to little rock to centralh as the citizens. the right to speak his name aloud. [applause] he was the one who would be -- with the in gauging sense of humor, and we miss him i and these days. only my mother and she is here remains. and she is here with my family, my husband, my two children and my grandchildren, four generations along with our siblings. [applause] thank you for that. we become as we were 60 years ago anxious and worried and concerned about what lies ahead. this weekend and in the years ahead, we know these things come as a human race we are a strong people and in the word of the s, we havespiritual's come too far to turn back now. just one more thing. just one more thing. we all like to say have a good day, but i say to you have a day that matters. [applause] >> dr. terrence roberts. [applause] dr. roberts: in the name of full disclosure, it's important that you know i come here not to celebrate, not that i don't want to celebrate, but this time has not yet come. [applause] you see, for me, the

so the civil rights movement today is very different. they're not fighting against a real racist, real enemy that will stump their lives with bigotry. they're fighting now basically for the rewards for all their manipulating white guilt. they're using the story of black to manipulate the story into entitlements so we have a generation this is not the silver rights movement of my parents. not the one i grew up in. >> what's your connection to stanford university? pgh so, fellow at the institution at stanford university. it's always been very happy about this great institution and great people there. great environment and probably it's meant everything to me in my work. and has facilitated that. i'm a fan. >> this is your tenth or 15th book? >> there some that were here and there. >> shelby has been our guest on book tv commissioning is polarizer country, one final question. i know you hear freedom fest. their specific reason your hair. >> i have a son shelby steele who is the young documentary filmmaker and he has a new film a called i am

this is not the civil rights movement of my parents. it's not the one i grew up in. it's very different. host: was your connection to stanford university and the hoover institution? guest: i am a senior fellow at the hoover institution at stanford university, which always there-- very happy about. great, great institution with great people there great environment, colleagues and it's meant everything to me and to my work and has facilitated that, so i am a fan. host: this is your 15th book? guest: not that many, but some were kind of here and there. but, it's probably the fifth of book i have written on racial matters. host: shelby steele has been our guest on book tv. "shame". doctor steele, one final question. i know you are here at freedom fest. is there a specific reason you're here? guest: yes, there is. i have a son, shelby eli steel, a young doctor-- documentary filmmaker and he has a film out he is showing here called "i am: how jack became black" and it's a look at identity politics. jack is his son and he tells the story of taking him to school the first da

we had a place in the modern civil rights movement.anted to us. that congressional gold medal prior to that. 2017, 60 years later, we return to little rock, to central high as senior citizens. one of us is missing now, our friend jefferson thomas, because his right to speak his name allowed. he was the one with the engaging sense of humor. and we miss him in these days. only my mother, juanita walls, remains. and she is here with my family, my husband, my two children, and my grandchildren, four generations, along with my siblings tina walls and lawana terry. [ applause ] thank you for that. and today we have number 45, who behind the scenes and through his twitter accounts, we become as we were 60 years ago, anxious and worried and concerned about what lies ahead. this weekend and in the year ahead, we know these things, though. as a human race, we are strong people. and in the words of the old negro spiritual, we have come too far to turn back now. [ applause ] >> well, that's okay. it's okay. there's one more thing. just one more th

think of this as a moment like the time my parents first met in the 1960's when they were at a civil rights movement. this is a moment when our country is witnessing and assaults on our deepest values and ideals where people do not trust our government, the institution, or leaders. hrc, iore that trust, believe we must speak truth. even when it makes people uncomfortable. .ven when others are silent lord reminds us, there are so many silences to be broken. fromt us speak truth charlotte to charlottesville, we have been reminded that racism in this country israel. sexism, anti-semitism, are real in this country. trans-phobia, they are real in this country. we must speak that truth so we can deal with it. let us speak truth. voting rights in this country are under attack. doubtede supreme court the voting rights act in 2013, 10 federal court decisions have found intentional discrimination against voters of color. one even said black voters were surgicalwith almost precision. let us speak truth. across the country, americans worry that our government will take away their health care and at this moment

month bombly -- montgomery was the center of the civil rights movement off and on. t do you recall from the famous bus boycott there? i know you were only 3 years old at the time, but it reverberated throughout the years. >> that's right. i was 3 years old when they had the montgomery bus boycott. the main thing i remember was a man named olivia love worked for my family, and i remember my father, who had a very bad temper, got mad at libby because he was going to have to pick her up every morning. and as far as i know, most black people in montgomery who worked for white families, they would say i'm afraid to ride the bus. and my father i remember yelling at libby, you're scared of some old abernathy, ralph abernathy was in montgomery at the time, and i thought it was something like a werewolf or something like that. so that's the main thing i remember about the bus boycott. after the boycott was over, the bus stopped right in front of our house, so i'd ride the bus downtown with my grandmother usually, and the buses at that time had one seat in the very back of the

emmitt till murder which most civil rights experts c was the start of the civil rights movement. parks represented a story could tell schoolchildren and can't really tell the emmitt till school two-- story to schoolchildren. emmett till, his murder was one of the first times when national news reporters were coming into the south and seeing what life is really like and for them to be found innocent and month later to give an interview to a magazine saying yes, we did it was pretty horrific and you realize that it's not hyperbole to say that black life in the t south at that time was cheap life that you could be murdered, raped, attacked and no one would pay the price and everyone got to see that for themselves. >> as i was listening to you, made me think of another question. was there a difference i guess would be a good word and a feeling between when you would visit mississippi as opposed to when you were in san diego? was very different sense of belonging? >> i would say it felt different and i did not feel like i belong. in california, i was the only student of color in all o

it turned the civil rights movement into a mass movement rooted in nonviolent direct action and driven by youth. it is one of the most important moments in the civil rights movement, and i'm always proud of north carolina got out front. i want to say a word about the young people who organize that. one is they had grown up in the south, who thought that was a good idea. i exaggerate by two people. like martin luther king didn't think it was a good idea. but the young people went ahead, they had one thing in common, many of them called themselves the amit hill generation. they were 15, they were 14, they were 16 when they saw that picture that tom referred to and a great many of them, it marked that day as the day that pointed their footsteps toward joining this movement that would transform the nation. it is one of the most important things about, it's the most important thing about this story is not the horrifying tragedy of it, as horrifying as it is and we can belittle that, we can ever forget that, they broke his femur which is the strongest bone in your body but they would've had

of a three volume biography of martin luther king but what it really was is history of the civil rights movemente 1950s and 1960s in the country. it is a brilliant book. i was reading it and kept running across names of women who played a role in the civil rights movement. and taylor road really well about them but in my opinion is not include enough.i mean i want to know more about them. it was rosa parks obviously but many more women that i never heard of. so i went looking for a book about them. and i cannot find one. i could not find a book about women in the civil rights movement so i decided to write it myself. that turned out to be freedom's daughters. >> we have video of one of the women. we will play it and have you talk. [video] you have to go back out and picked up to your neighbors who do not speak to you and you have to reach out to your friends that think they are making it good and get them to understand that they, as well as you and i, cannot be free in america or anywhere else where there is capitalism and imperialism. [applause] until, until, until we can get people to recogniz

this is a moment like the time my parents first met in the 1960s when they were active in the civil rights movement. i believe this is a moment when our country is witnessing an assault on our deepest values and ideals, where people don't trust our government, its institutions or leaders. so to restore that trust hrc i believe must speak truth, even when it makes people uncomfortable. even when others are silent. and as the poet audrey lord reminds us, there are so many silences to be broken. let's speak truth. from charlotte to charlottesville we have been reminded racism in this country is real. sexism and anti-semitism are real in this country. and trans-phobia are real in this country and we must seek that true so we can deal with it. let's speak truth. voting rights in this country are under attack. since the supreme court -- the voting rights act 10 federal court systems have found intentional discrimination against voters of color. one even said black voters were targeted quote with almost surgical precision. let's speak truth. across this country americans worry that our government will tak

first of a three volume biography of martin luther king what it really was was history of the civil rights movement this country and19 it's a brilliant book but i was reading it and i kept running across names of women who played a role in the civil rights movement and taylor wrote really well about them but he didn't, in my opinion, didn't include enough. i wantedd to know more about them. many more women who i've never even heard of and i went looking for a book about them and i couldn't find a book about women in the civil rights movement so i decided to write it myself and that turned inth to be freedom slaughter. >> host: we have some video of one of the women and we will play itt in heavy talk about it. >> on the night gathering like the days is not enough. you have to go back and reach out to your neighbors don't speak to you and you have to reach out to your friends think it good and get them to understand that they as well as you and i cannot be free in america or in anywhere else where there is capitalism and imperialism. [cheering and applause] until, until, until we can get people to re

. >> you haven't said anything about the civil rights movement in the 60s and its effect in the south. >> that's quite right. i should have mentioned it at the start of all of the irritations that created the christian right movement because even though people didn't mention it at the time there had been a huge segregationist has had many in the southern baptist convention, but race was not mentioned any longer. it was all about morality. underneath it was certainly about the civil rights movement. : ahead of the first baptist church. he had been a major segregationist and changed his tune. he began to talk about integrationist as left wingers and people who had to worry about called them cause i communist. >> always good to tie it to communism. >> yeah, and to see them as a part of the disruption of the 60s. it was as if they were like the kids on the campus were riding in the streets and these parallels were made in people understood them very well without having ever to say it. >> there was one specific public policy fight where this got crystallized and that was segregationist sch

he talks about the future of other civil rights movements.ch the interview tomorrow at 10:00 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. eastern here on c-span. "q&a" --eek on -- theywere shoveling were shopping and jostling. i was behind him. it looked like he would fall to the ground. he was a 74-year-old man. i did what any decent human being would do if you see a 74 euro man on the verge of falling down. i grabbed him by the arm. it was large, and i was fearful of being separated and being left behind. i took his arm, and when i did, that is when it all turned on me. >> middlebury college professor nger discusses a violent protest on campus last

and i looked at it and i said, "unsolved civil rights cold cases of the civil rights movement? my god. rabbit in theer briar patch. that was right up my alley. i said yes, i want it. it took 14 years to get it passed. i did not know at the time that representative hardaway had carried it for six years. he never told me. he just gave it to move. -- he just gave it to me. and i was so happy to get it because it was just like it was made for me. it had my name all over it. then it took me from 2010-2017 to get it passed. first of all, i personalized it. i could have been an unsolved cold case of the civil rights era. i told my story. i told the story during the 1960's after the movement had subsided. they said the buses per were integrated. i was a student at a college on scholarship. i did not have it at my home. to get my work i had to stay at the library. i did not have a computer. i had the last bus. i had to catch the number for 4, which serviced the black community. they sat wherever they wanted on that bus. then i transferred to the number nine, we moved a lot. we had moved

. >>> a halloween costume out of style since the civil rights movement makes a controversial comeback at an east bay staples store. one customer says he was speechless after seeing an employee dress in black face. loni rivera >> i saw a white woman in a black face. >> reporter: this employee was offended by this costume at the staples store. >> the lady over there, i pointed to her and said, as in black face. as a black man, i'm offended. she said, it was a sharpie costume. and i said, sharpie or no sharpie, as a black man to see a white person in black face is very offensive. >> black face is a form of the theatrical movement during the civil rights movement. >> i felt like it was making fun of african-americans. >> reporter: harold left staples frustrated and came out here to sit in his car for a few minutes but couldn't leave. >> i met with the manager and said, what made you think that was okay? >> the public staff says the employee works for a third-party company called market source who contracts for hp at some retail stores. staples issued this statement, quote, staples apologi

you were able to get a piece of legislation passed that opened up cold cases from the civil rights movement. can you talk about how you were able to navigate that path to get that legislation passed but also just share some of the best practices and why it's important to reopen cases from the civil rights movement that have now become cold. >> well, first of all i want to thank you fsix for giving me th tuchblt it is one of my favorite conferences because i know i'll be with others who think as i do. this morning's u.s.a. title says white nationalist saves models for rallies across u.s.a. i am here as a black representative to present a motd l for counter acting hate rallies across the u.s.a. [ applause ] because what it all boils down to -- and senator gave that example when the governor said he did not know it says you shall know the truth and truth shall set you free. >> preach. >> pass the collection plate in a minute. [ laughter ] >> and i'm delighted to be here. i'm conditioned. she didn't tell you, but every dr. king lead, i was there. the night he gave his famous -- i fmt. when he g

it is notjust the man against black people, like it was at the height of the civil rights movement. thato the facts, have been justified. thank you very much forjoining us. i'm afraid we are out of time. 0h, 0k. the reputation of the former prime minister, sir edward heath, who died in 2005, has been tarnished by suspicions of child abuse since before an investigation was launched by wiltshire police two years ago. operation conifer — which was published on thursday and cost eli; million — came up with nothing concrete against edward heath. but officers said there remained seven allegations against him over which heath would have been interviewed under caution had he been alive. it has since emerged that the most serious allegation, that he raped an 11—year—old boy in 1961, is one the police investigated before and dropped. heath's supporters and friends say nothing has been resolved by the two—year report, and that suspicion still hangs in the air. i'm joined by lord robert armstrong, who knew edward heath for 30 years, and was his pps forfour of those years. he was also chairman of the

. >>> a halloween costume out of style since the civil rights movement makes a controversial comeback at an east bay staples store. one customer says he was speechless after seeing an employee dressed in blackface. abc 7 reporter lonnie rivera has the story. >> ma'am, where are the cash registers? she turned around and i saw this white lady in blackface. >> harriet laphal was offended by this employee's halloween costume at the pleasant hill staples store. >> that lady over there, i pointed to her, i said, is in blackface. and as a black man, i am very offended. >> reporter: and her reply? >> she said it was a sharpie costume. i said, sharpie or no sharpie, as a black man to see a white person in blackface is very offensive. >> reporter: blackface is a form of theatrical makeup used by white performers to portray black people in the 1800s up until the civil rights movement. >> the nervous giggle in the store, you know, i felt like it was making fun of african-americans. >> harold left staples frustrated. he said he sat in his car for a few minutes but he couldn't leave. >> i met with

and then you had the civil rights movement and the gains there and brown vs. board of education, and then you had klan rallies and massive resistance. and then we elected the first african-american president of the united states. and we made all kinds of progress for all communities of color. and then we got donald trump. this is a pattern. and if we don't recognize that pattern and understand our history and recognize the signs, it's going to happen again. [applause] >> told y'all. [laughter] told y'all. >> i mean, there was a whole lot in there. and i'm not going to pretend to be that good of a moderater to dissect everything that you just said. , so do i want to go to our next panelist. we'll come back to some of what you said. because there were a lot of solutions we'ved in throughout your piece -- weaved in throughout your piece. but oftentimes in the moment of a national crisis, people feel like, so, lisa, this is the first time i'm going off script, so just roll with me. [laughter] so oftentimes in a national risis, we almost want to reinvent fire again

some of the confederate memorials that have gone up, particularly as protests against the civil rights movements, seem to me to be easier calls. i think it is a much harder call, as i look at it anyway, for, you know, johnny reb memorial at the center of a town square in a small town in mississippi or alabama or another state. so, you know, it stunned me -- why now? why all of a sudden this urge to change the public landscape, and it is fascinating. we all have a say in what the public landscape of the country is going to be. but i hope that there is a thoughtful process as communities deal with this. and every community will be different. different fingerprints. one of the things it is clearly doing is scratching the surface and bringing some very unpleasant stuff to the surface. keith and susan and i were talking, anyone who thinks winners always write history never studied the civil war. one of my students said about this the other day, this is a conversation along time coming. and isn't it interesting that it is now? not when the civil rights workers were killed and buried in mississippi, no

correspondent on your part and paul looks at why nonviolence was such an important tactic in the civil rights movement. both the unrest has always played an important role in the struggle for civil rights peaceful tactics are vital to the movement as well in one thousand forty two a man named. james farmer began a sit in at the jack sprat coffee shop and mobile alabama in protest of unequal treatment of black customers who were made to wait and charge higher prices for their donuts and coffee farmer and his friends sat in the.