give online, mail in, call in, but above all, give. >> larry: colin powell. we're going to new york. susan sarandon, ashley judd, and russell simmons are next. keep the calls and tweets coming. ahhh. time to get the latte budget under control. mm-hmm. [ female announcer ] trying to be smart with the family budget? here goes the good old steam. [ pfffft! ] whooa!!!! [ female announcer ] let bounty help... because it cleans the mess with less than the bargain brands. it's thick and absorbent. and really durable. in lab tests bounty absorbs twice as much as the bargain brand. [ steam hisses ] why use more when you can use less? bring it. with bounty. the thick quicker picker-upper. and try bounty napkins. now with new prints. for strong bones, i take calcium. but my doctor told me that most calcium supplements... aren't absorbed properly unless taken with food. he recommended citracal. it's different -- it's calcium citrate, so it can be absorbed with or without food. citracal. >> larry: welcome back to "haiti: how you can help." you're helping and keep on helpi

. >> host: colin powell who declined to run in 1996 was someone who pulled really well. was someone who could have been elected president of this country? >> guest: i think that colin powell would have had a tough time getting the party nomination and he knew that, too because colin powell is a republican who is much more in a moderate gain of a kind of republicanism that is now a while start and i'm thinking of people like nelson rockefeller. there is a republican party of rockefeller, the rockefeller wing of the republican party which were moderates compared to republicans so i think colin powell is somebody who republicans love to look at and uphold and say this is such a great figure he was secretary of state, chairman of joint chiefs of staff. he is a role model but i think that he would have had a tough time getting his own party's nomination. >> host: after barack obama was elected president, there was a sense of that all things were possible. a lot of people felt there was great euphoria. they said a lot about the country and what it had come and how it had chang

. >> colin powell who declined in 1996 pulled well and someone who could be elected president of thery? >> he would have had tough time getting the party's nomination and he knew that because he was a republican who is a much more moderate pain of the republican his own that is now a lost art. thinking of nelson rockefeller, there is a republican party of the rockefeller wing of the republican party which were moderates compared to contemporary republican so colin powell is somebody republicans love to look at it and pulled and say this is such a great figure he was secretary of state and chairman of joints chief of staff and a role model but had a tough time to get his own party's nomination. >> after barack obama elected president there was a sense that all things were possible and felt there was great euphoria and said a lot about the country and how it had changed and evolved. one year into the presidency would you see has happened in the country and has the country changed? >> is a mixed response that the euphoria after november 4th has certainly reseeded in light of the enormou

it is my privilege to welcome general colin powell, who honors us today with his presence. [applause] >> thank you for your kind words, and i wish you the best, and especially for those in haiti is suffering today. it is a great pleasure to be with you today, and i am especially pleased to be here to celebrate the 81st birthday of dr. martin luther king, jr., as we fittingly refresh our nation with 81 new citizens, not only citizens of the united states, but citizens of the state i happen to live in now -- the state of virginia. i know we all have in our minds the tragedy that occurred in haiti, and our hearts and prayers go out to those who have suffered ser -- terrible losses. i am proud of the response the american government and international community has suspended to the people of haiti, but much more needs to be done. it will take a long time to restore stability and get haiti back upon its feet. all of us have an opportunity to help in this regard, by donating money to the many relief efforts at work. all of these efforts are working so hard to help the asian people

. >> colin powell spoke at a ceremony in washington.nd then a look at how al qaeda recruits people into their organization. after that, fighter pilots talk about their mission in afghanistan. >> did you know that one of the top three apps is c-span radio? now you can get access to free streaming audio channels. there is also a tab with links to all of our podcasts, including "q&a" and "after words." >> on this martin luther king holiday, colin powell spoke at a ceremony in washington. following his remarks, 81 people took the senate this -- citizenship oath, also known as the oath of allegiance. this is 15 minutes. >> good afternoon. my name is alejandro mayorkas, and i represent the men and women who are here today and around the world who have worked so hard to help make this day possible. in a minute and a unique individual will stand before you to share his thoughts about this special day in your lives and in the lives of our country. he was our nation's 65th secretary of state, the 12th chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, the na

we were aware of this, colin powell in particular of alerting us to the particular attitude of the turks toward the british being in turkey. i would specifically to determine that, to decide whether or not we would get those transit rights. turkey never actually said no. they never actually say we could not go through turkey, but i came back partly because of the newspaper there, i gave an interview with the turkish equivalent of "news night," were all they were talking about what would it was what happened in the 1920's. that britain could not entirely trusted. i warned that the view when i came home that we would never get the transit through turkey. that was the point that we took the decision to ban go into the south -- to then go into the south and reorganize our effort. the united states did not take that view for quite a long time. the fourth division stayed in the eastern mediterranean until after the initial invasion, because the americans assumed that at some stage that turkey would agree. >> i think we would want to check the timing on that. however you look at this, it is qui

we are aware that jack stahl had a different relationship with colin powell where it they talked about things on a regular basis, far more detail and they were friends in a way that meant their relationship could be different from mine. >> you were in the course of putting your biggest military tips on to donald rumsfeld's table. did you feel this was possible for you to exercise some influence over the way he was approaching the iraq conflict? >> this was a two way process. there were a number of occasions where i said the mission of the united kingdom and government and we had some lively exchanges on occasion. >> in favor of the big contribution, this would give influence with the americans. can you point to areas in which you recall it gave influence in which we were able to change things in the way we wanted them changed? >> it didn't happen in this end. i am confident we persuaded them about the option of going through turkey. i am fairly confident in a number of areas of detailed planning, were extremely influential in the shaping and nature of the campaign, we were very clear a

the comeback of realism is led by people like colin powell, then scowcroft was the wise men of our time and a lot of people who i think were cautious about some of our overseas adventurism, but understand that both our interests and our values have to be woven together. the fight to pick somebody and would say okay, what should we be doing on a big issue is, like a realist like colin powell would be doing in the first seven months. let me get to this gentleman and not repeat his question because he can't make it. >> you didn't mention in your career, impressive career of writing, do you also were chair of elite of the commission looking into the stewards of vietnam, mainly asian art. >> is asking about the agent orange commission. i was too young to be drafted or a fight in vietnam, but obviously it's going very generation. and when the ford foundation and susan barrus and that many people said, vietnam is now one of our most natural allies, but there is one big stopping it. it's the fact that we left agent orange and we sprayed it all over and we haven't cleaned it up yet and we had fo

colin powell is in this book. thank you very much. >> thank you. >> thank you. >> deborah nelson, i was margaret carlson's producer at cnn and i enjoyed your green jobs conference last week. i was there, of course. >> it is deborah, isn't it? >> yes, deborah. >> i wasn't able to make it at the dinner at your home. we are in the same business. i am looking forward to meeting him. >> it is quite long. >> thank you for the call. >> thank you very much. you look great. are you taller than i am? yeah, he is. this man used to be a journalist. [laughter] >> i know him, for god sakes. >> you are so great. i am really honored that you are here. >> could god. [laughter] >> what are you, signing? >> yeah. >> ralph, how are you? >> thank you. >> thank you. tina is here. latino was looking for you. >> this is to ralph. >> do you want the three of us? >> the party is a success. all three of us are here. >> survivors. >> this is for you ralph. i put what i truly believe. >> it got a good review. >> it did fine. also in "the chic

it is my privilege to welcome general colin powell, who offers us today with his presence.plause] >> thank you very much for your very kind words, and i wish you all the best as you continue with the important work that you will be doing for those trying to reach our shores, and especially for those in haiti who are suffering today. it's a great pleasure to be with you all today, and especially pleased to be here to celebrate the 81st birthday of dr. martin luther king jr., as we fittingly refresh our nation with 81 new citizens. not only citizens of the united states, that as a citizen of the state that i happen to live in now, and is my home, the state of virginia. i know that we all have on our minds this afternoon the tragedy that occurred in haiti last week, and our hearts and our prayers go out to those who have suffered terrible losses, and who are now in need of our help. i am proud of the response that the american government and international community has extended to the people of haiti. but much more needs to be done. it will take a long time to restore stabilit

it is my privilege to welcome general colin powell who honors us today with his presence. [applause] >> thank you very much for your kind words. i wish you all the best as you continue with the important work you'll be doing for those trying to reach our shores and especially those in haiti suffering today. it's a great pleasure to be with you all today, i am especially pleased to be here to celebrate the 81st birthday of dr. martin luther king jr., as we fittingly reflect -- refreshed our nation with 81 new citizens, citizens of the state i happen to live in now, the state of my virginia, homy home. we all have in our minds the tragedy that occurred in haiti last week. our present hearts go out to gowho have suffered -- to those who have suffered terrible losses. i'm proud of the response of the american government and the international community. but much more needs to be done. it will take a long time to restore stability and to get haiti back on its feet. all of us have an opportunity to help in this regard. by donating money to the many relief efforts that are at work

. >> we have to get colin powell back on. i did the children's miracle network in orlando, florida. and i got this for you. billy. bill: right. >> you can wear it now if you want it. bill: some people say i wear it every night. when we come back. megyn kelly and lis weihl. bill: continuing with the most powerful moments in 2009. megyn and lis in the "is it legal?" segment. let's go down to tennessee where the aclu wants children to have access to gay web sites. is this correct, kelly? >> that's their point. bill: how old. >> teenagers. why are they being blocked to going on to gay information web sites? they don't want porn. they want information to be disseminate to the kids. bill: the kids are gay and they want gay information in the school? >> and they can't get it it's being blocked. bill: what if a kid is a got. do you know what a got is? >> yeah. i think so, yes, i do. >> is it appropriate for the kid let the school go to the goth web site on schooltime? is that appropriate? >> it depends on what the bans in place are. i don't see any problem with the aclu's request. bill: you

i had to do so with colin powell but it was a little bit easier. don't mean to criticize tony blair for trying to work out where this was coming from and get along side him and what i do say, too is we need to judge the results of this kind of approach with his purpose and he went there as i was talking to colin powell in the summer as well to try to persuade, to vote on the u.n. route and that is what was agreed in the end. >> that is a very important point when you say hello argued the other day which was the prime minister was making his commitment to support his strong commitment to

the last time that happened -- the last time that happened a fellow named colin powell was sitting in front of me. he said give me that phone. [laughter] anyhow, doc cooke said i will help you and within a week i had all schools with partners. he went to the army, navy, the coast guard and air force and they brought in people to help the principal partners. they had soldiers shot in some schools and a great boon to the student body, to the teachers. first lady hillary clinton had six trips to our schools. she brought her husband on two of them. senator kennedy and his staff or readers in our schools. industry chipped in, dynamics permitted their people to come over and become leaders in several of our schools and janet reno attorney general conducted monthly conflict resolution classes to help out. those positives notwithstanding in the spring of 9818 months after starting with pressure from my wife and several family members i resigned without monition from laws if you take another job like that we may not be together for our next anniversary. [laughter] that was 1998. as i sit on a

mick jagger, seal, colin powell, ringo star, will.i.am. ryan seacrest and tia leony are some of those who have teamed up to help haiti. estimates of those dead are pegged at 100,000 as of now according to haitian officials. secretary of state clinton arrive in haiti this afternoon. and the top two diplomats of the united neighs stationed in haiti were declared dead today. the scene for us in port-au-prince. quite a day for us. carl, set the scene for us. tell our viewers what happened? >> well, what i've been looking at too is the relief operation because, yes, you're right. the recovery operation is still going on. people are still looking for signs of life among the rubble. but, of course, there are thousands upon thousands of people who have lost their homes, who have lost everything as a result of this earthquake. and the effort now is to get aid to them both quickly and safely -- safely why? because the united nations who are handing out a lot of the aid and the united nations peacekeepers accompanying them are fearful there could be

they shouldn't or not telling people who they've issued visas to was the result of then secretary colin powell early in the bush administration coming up to the congress, myself on the judiciary, saying don't give the authority to approve visas to department of homeland security. we want to keep it in -- >> that's a fair point. i should correct my errors, karl rove and me. but look, you know as well as i do, everybody knows at this point, that the obama administration has dismantled the bush-cheney apparatus. they dismantled it. if i were vice president cheney and i assume president bush will do this in his book, which is going to be out in september, you've got to say, look, this is wrong headed. we had the right policies. we kept america safe after 9-11. now they're dismantling it and putting everybody in danger. as karl rove said, that's the responsible thing to say, is it not? >> i don't think they're dismantling it. >> come on, come on. no customers interrogation, civilian trials for heinous criminals, closing guantanamo bay and you're saying they're not dismantling it? come on. >> those

mick jagger, seal, colin powell, ringo starr, will i am, ryan seacrest, taylor leoni are a few who will join to help him. first the news from haiti today. estimates of those dead are pegged at about 100,000 as of now. secretary of state clinton arrived in haiti this afternoon and the top two diplomats for the united nations stationed in haiti were officially declared dead today. carl penhall is on the scene. it has been quite a day. set the scene for us. tell our viewers what happened. >> reporter: well, certainly what i've been looking at today is the relief operation. you are right. the recovery operation is still going on. people are still looking for signs of life among the rubble but of course there are thousands upon thousands of people who have lost their homes, lost everything result of this earthquake. the effort is to get aid to them quickly and saflly. safely, why? because the united nations handing out a lot of this aid and peacekeepers are fearful there could be an explosion of violence as people become hungry and desperate and beyond that explosion of violence keeping orde

. >> larry: the election of barack obama has an effect on many people, for example colin powell criedmera. what did it mean for you? >> you know what, larry, i got to tell you. i was beginning to see the world as black and white. i opened the studio and we had -- the biggest thing that has happened in film a long time and had no coverage of it, there was very little -- cnn did something of course. i was surprised and i started to think, why is that? is it because of black? i began to see things as black and white. the night he won, i sat -- the night he won, i had fallen asleep, i heard screaming. i opened my eyes and it was a church, they were going to crazy on cnn. it was ebenezer. that moment for me meant its content of your character -- that's how he was judged. if you see the world in black and white that's what it will become. for me now, because he won, i realized we're all human beings. we're all people and our experiences are all similar. >> larry: that multimillion studio is in atlanta. >> yes, it is. >> larry: all of your work is done there? >> yes, we got five sound stages

blix gave a presentation, to give a report, which was not long after colin powell's very significant speech of the 5th of february, were you disappointed by the line he was taking there, which seemed to roll back somewhat from the position you had taken on the 27th of january. >> it wasn't that i was disappointed. i was getting confused as to what he was really trying to tell us. because, what he kept doing is saying, well, yes, there is a bit of cooperation here and then there is not cooperation there. and what particularly struck me about the 14th of february, blix report, and this, then had a huge significance in what i tried then to construct as a final way of avoiding the war is on page 26 of his briefing, he deals with the issue of interviews. and he says the -- because he's starting to move on interviews because he's beginning to press on it, they have made a commitment that they'll allow it, but then when he actually comes to the interviews themselves people are very reluctant to do it. >> that is an inherent problem with the regime for the reasons that you have given and we

and there was biden -- and there was condi rice and her aides and, of course, colin powell.t was a mess. there were policies being made by a president who had far too much confidence in his own gut. he would make a good decision. if you read over the accounts of how a decision was made to attack iraq, nothing could have had a more radical contrast with where you saw in the process in afghanistan. you do not see these colliding policies in this administration. i do not think biden conducts these meetings with constituents in the dark in the way that cheney does. although, i suppose if he did i would not know about it. but everyone there in that administration, they are acutely aware of how dysfunctional this process began in bush's first term and they're very determined not to have that happen amongst themselves. and so far, it has not happened. host: you do writing your article about questions raised about the senator biden's votes on foreign policy, etc. you write that his church and has scarcely been perfect in the past. -- his judgment has scarcely been her third in the p

february and the pin minister made clear when he told parliament about a couple of days later colin powell was going to begin the presentation to the u.n. security council it wasn't a real issue at the time to read this was one of the -- this is one of the big issues at the moment. and the dossier doesn't describe facing a pretty hopeless task talking about i think 20,000 intelligence officers, 208 inspectors hiding documents surveillance of hotels and offices -- etc. so was the point of it and given what you said about this being something that was because the prime minister didn't put it in the house of commons -- speed the reason i said that is we gave it to the journalist. it got some very limited attention and i think some of the newspapers. i can't remember but i don't think it was picked up by the broadcasters but the fact that the prime minister had been away and was going to make a statement on his return to the house of commons and therefore as it was a document we put in the public debate it was put in the library and the house. >> the comments on february and he said we should

and there was biden -- and there was condi rice and her aides and, of course, colin powell.t was a mess. there were policies being made by a president who had far too much confidence in his own gut. he would make a good decision. if you read over the accounts of how a decision was made to attack iraq, nothing could have had a more radical contrast with where you saw in the process in afghanistan. you do not see these colliding policies in this administration. i do not think biden conducts these meetings with constituents in the dark in the way that cheney does. although, i suppose if he did i would not know about it. but everyone there in that administration, they are acutely aware of how dysfunctional this process began in bush's first term and they're very determined not to have that happen amongst themselves. and so far, it has not happened. host: you do writing your article about questions raised about the senator biden's votes on foreign policy, etc. you write that his church and has scarcely been perfect in the past. -- his judgment has scarcely been her third in the p

after the last election, colin powell, who served under republicans and so forth, gave some guys to theblican party and said that their base and mindset is becoming too narrow, if you will, and the world war is going in the other direction. that is to say the diversity of our country, in terms of that are ethnic heritage, our political diversity of thought is where the world is going and where americans are going. what we are talking about is a couple of things. we have this 24-7 news cycle where people and politicians feel the need to instantly respond. so much of what we hear on radio these days, talk shows that are probably motivated by provocation and that is the matra, the name of the game, so to speak. it feeds a certain element which reinforces the base of many of the politicians. it gets reflected into the discourse of the bali -- body politic. there's probably too much money in the system as well. we have to change that stuff. at the end of the day, it is about the good faith and goodwill of our elected officials who are attentive to the people they represent and to bring the g

american -- who are african-american, you think, i just stop and think not only of barack obama, but colin powell and condi rice and ed brooks, the first african-american senator in the modern era, and again, you're thinking overwhelmingly light-skinned african-americans, so again, it allows us to have a conversation or a teachable moment. do you think this has consequences? do you think this really matters or is it something we shouldn't be discussing publicly? but it allows us to engage. it allows the dialogue to get started. that's why i think it is a teachability moment. host: this section of "washington journal" coming from george washington university, five, six blocks from the white house, gathered in the auditorium, representatives of 50 colleges and universities all part of the washington center here for two weeks to learn about government, politics an journalism. we will get to your questions. go ahead, please. >> my question is whether or not you think republicans can win the senate race in massachusetts, and has the national priority kind of missed the ball by only getting involved in

and there was biden -- and there was condi rice and her aides and, of course colin powell.e policies being made by a president who had far too much confidence in his own gut. he would make a good decision. if you read over the accounts of how a decision was made to attack iraq, nothing could have had a more radical contrast with where you saw in the process in afghanistan. you do not see these colliding policies in this administration. i do not think biden conducts these meetings with constituents in the dark in the way that cheney does. although, i suppose if he did i would not know about it. but everyone there in that administration they are acutely aware of how dysfunctional this process began in bush's first term and they're very determined not to have that happen amongst themselves. and so far, it has not happened. host: you do writing your article about questions raised about the senator biden's votes on foreign policy, etc. you write that his church and has scarcely been perfect in the past. -- his judgment has scarcely been her third in the past. "when was the last

american -- who are african-american, you think, i just stop and think not only of barack obama, but colin powell and condi rice and ed brooks, the first african-american senator in the modern era, and again, you're thinking overwhelmingly light-skinned african-americans, so again, it allows us to have a conversation or a teachable moment. do you think this has consequences? do you think this really matters or is it something we shouldn't be discussing publicly? but it allows us to engage. it allows the dialogue to get started. that's why i think it is a teachability moment. host: this section of "washington journal" coming from george washington university, five, six blocks from the white house, gathered in the auditorium, representatives of 50 colleges and universities all part of the washington center here for two weeks to learn about government, politics an journalism. we will get to your questions. go ahead, please. >> my question is whether or not you think republicans can win the senate race in massachusetts, and has the national priority kind of missed the ball by only getting involved in

started signing up, it is not then archive then you know that someone lied when they said they were colin powellon their web site in what are you going to do about that? i guess my blasÉ response at that time was you know that we just, we don't check their brains at the door when we look at these things, that we have to go into some amount of skepticism and the i think what paul's very good point is that we actually need more meta-data. when we did the september 11 archives we tried to provide researchers who look at our archive which is now the library of congress with as much meta-data as possible. this was the ip address, here's the g.i. location of that ip address. we tried to e-mail the person. the emile did not go through. here are all of the things we did but it the end of the day what we had was a wrought archive that we knew was problematic and we tried our best to reiterate toward something that was decent and usable but we left it to the historian in 50 or 100 years to analyze all that material and measure it against other sources as we do every day. so lets some point we are going to

how do you know that someone didn't like when they said they were colin powell on your website? what are you going to do about that? you know, i guess my sort of blasÉ response at the time was you know that we don't check our brains at the door when we look at these things. we have to go with some amount of skepticism and that we want is, and i think what paul very good point is that we actually need more metadata bit when we did the september 11 archive, we try to provide the researchers look at our archive which is now at the library of congress, with as much metadata as possible. we got the solution you. this is the ip address. here is the location of that ip address that we try to e-mail the person, the e-mail didn't go through that here's all the things we did. but at the end of the day what we had was a kind of raw archive that we knew was problematic. and we tried our best to sort of iterate towards something that was decent and usable, but we left it to the historian, the smart historian in 50 or 100 years to analyze all that material and to measure it against other sour

you know, you think i just stopped and model the of barack obama but he think about someone like colin powell, condoleezza rice, it broke, who was the first african-american senator in the modern era and again he think overwhelmingly of light skinned african-americans and so again, it allows us to have a conversation or teachable moment describing it as a consequence, do you think this really matters or is this something we shouldn't be doing publicly? but it allows us to engage, it allows the dialogue to get started and i think that is why it is a teachable moment. >> this session from the washington journal coming from the george washington university. we are five, six blocks from the white house in downtown washington, d.c. and gathered in the auditorium representatives of 60 colleges and universities all part of the washington center for two weeks to learn about government and politics and journalism we are going to get to their questions and your phone calls and one questions here up front. go ahead, please. >> negative end from suffolk university of boston. my question is whether or not

no one else with -- you know, his guys or condoleezza rice or colin powell -- nobody is supporting what he said. >> we're going to leave it there and keep the subject -- keep the discussion, rather, going on democratic leaders and their plans to bypass the gop on healthcare legislation reconciliation. next up is adobe in houston, texas on the line for independents. good morning. >> caller: good morning. thank you for your wonderful program. i don't think that this is the way our government should work. however, i feel like the democrats have been pushed to this point where this is the last resort for them. and at the same time, though, i worry about the fact that you don't have an opposing point of view on how this massive piece of social literature should be constructed. >> well, let me stop you for a second. how were the democrats pushed to this point? . >> caller: well, i feel like the republicans were -- had set their agenda to be obstructionists. i didn't feel like the republican's side offered any constructive strategies to counter what the proposals were from the democrats. for i

. >> we were aware of the difficulties, colin powell, with the attitude towards the british being in turkey. i went specifically to determine that, to decide whether or not we would get those transit rights. and turkey never actually said no. i mean they never actually said we could not go through turkey. but i came back partly because of the newspaper there, i did a tv interview with the turkish government or something like that. a long interview where all they were talking about was what happened in the 1920s. and that britain could not entirely be trusted. and i formed the view when i came home that we would never get an agreement from turkey. that was the point on which we took the decision to then go into the south. and we organizize our effort. i mean it's interesting that the united states didn't take that view for quite a long time in the fourth division, for infantry division. they stayed in the eastern mediterranean until after the initial invasion for that reason. because the americans assumed that some stage that turkey would agree and never did. >> i think what we would

september 2001, they were discussing colin powell was about to go to the region and they were discussingossible changes to fly zones. >> much earlier no-fly zones. that specific discussion was much earlier. thank you. >> the dossier air. >> why was a dossier air seemed to be necessary in necessary in 2002? >> the dossier was seemed to be necessary because the prime minister had been growing more and more concerned in part because of the intelligence that he was seeing over a period of time. i mentioned a moment ago what the jic call this step change. and i think, post--september the 11th he was growing more concerned. with even senior politicians he was having the argument, if you saw what i saw you wouldn't be asking me all these questions. of course what he saw was material that really only he and a number of other senior ministers able to see. i think, this partly relates i suppose to the discussion we had earlier about the way the media and political culture has changed. there was a time, when i was a journalist, if my predecessor on downing street said, is some story going around ab

february and the pin minister made clear when he told parliament about a couple of days later colin powellwas going to begin the presentation to the u.n. security council it wasn't a real issue at the time to read this was one of the -- this is one of the big issues at the moment. and the dossier doesn't describe facing a pretty hopeless task talking about i think 20,000 intelligence officers, 208 inspectors hiding documents surveillance of hotels and offices -- etc. so was the point of it and given what you said about this being something that was because the prime minister didn't put it in the house of commons -- speed the reason i said that is we gave it to the journalist. it got some very limited attention and i think some of the newspapers. i can't remember but i don't think it was picked up by the broadcasters but the fact that the prime minister had been away and was going to make a statement on his return to the house of commons and therefore as it was a document we put in the public debate it was put in the library and the house. >> the comments on february and he said we should f

and i had meetings with donald rumsfeld, but i also had meetings with armitage and i think colin powell dropped by in the american phrase, and the state department were completely focused on the need to get further resolution. and for the president to go the u.n. track, as they said, but they were not clear on the ninth as to whether or not he was going to do so. and i think his speech was the next day and the united nations on the 10th. so even the u.s. administration was not wholly clear, our parser, as to what was going to be the outcome. again, back to sir roderic's question this morning, perhaps the best example of all the prime minister influencing the president of the united states into a particular course of action. because i doubt that without his advocacy of that resolution, that the president would have agreed to a. it was clear real doubt inside the u.s. administration as to whether he would even the day before. >> we've asked this question of another witness, quite the light of this question, but it's an interesting one. as to whether you think the british government would

standing up and said it's not an archive, you know someone didn't buy when they said you were colin powell will you do about that. i guess my sorta was a response at that time was we don't check our brains at the door when we look at these things. that we have to go with some amount of skepticism and that's what we want is and i think what paul very good point is is we actually need more metadata. but we did in the september 11th archivist try to provide the researchers, but that the archive now the library of congress with as much metadata as possible. we got the submission here, this is the ip address, this is the location of that address, we tried to e-mail the person and it didn't go through -- years all the things we did. but at the end of the day we have is a rauf archive that we knew was problematic and we tried our best to reiterate to worth something that was decent and usable but we left it to the historian, the smart historian in 50 or 100 years to analyze all the material and to measure against other sources as we do every day. so at some point we're going to hit that wall i th

2001 just after he had come to power as president of the united states we dealt with iraq with colin powell but it was very much in the context of trying to get a different sanctioned framework in place. >> if i put it in a rather simple terms he hadn't at this point broken out of the box he had been put in although there were some holes in the box. would that be -- >> buckles were quite substantial. >> they needed attention. >> but the critical thing and if you forgive me for interrupting but it's absolutely essential to realize this. a september 11th hadn't happened our assessment of the risk of allowing saddam any possibility of him reconstituting his programs would not have been the same but after september 11th and if you'd like me to now i will explain what a difference that made to the thinking. after september 11th our view, the american view changed dramatically. >> that is precisely what i would like to come to because we have heard from many witnesses and i don't think anybody is in doubt about this question but 9/11 was a massive hushovd which changed the international environme