joining us is colonial williamsburg president mitchell reiss. thank you for being here this morning, i appreciate it. mitchell: my pleasure. >> for someone who has never visited colonial williamsburg, how do you describe it? mitchell: well, i think it is important for people to know it is more than the sum of its parts. you have 88 buildings that have you have 88 buildings that have been immaculately preserved. you have world-class interpreters who are impersonating some of our nation's founding fathers. you have a remarkable campus with retail stores, world-class hotels, golf, tennis, baseball, and wonderful restaurants. it really is something for everybody but what it is more than that is a very special place, because it is really where our country began. it was here in williamsburg where the first discussions and debates took place over whether we should be independent, how we should become americans, and in fact that debate led to a decision to become independent, to declare that and to fight for it and when it ultimately. all of those stori

the other colonies? startedso virginia was really as a commercial , which is in some ways much different from the impulses that started the colonies that plymouth and massachusetts, they were looking for religious freedom or freedom from religious persecution. virginia was really established as a business venture. they were seeking gold. they did not really find it. they were seeking timber, which they found an awful lot of. they were looking to turn this into a commercial venture, to extend the new and emerging british empire. in some ways, that makes virginia as early days -- virginia's early days different from some of the other colonies. some are formed on the principle of religious freedom or freedom from religious persecution, and others are founded more on a commercial basis. i think virginia is the first of these that starts out really in the essence of trade. greta: what challenges did virginia present that these other states did not, to the british? years orn the early just as a colony in gener

this is what truly to colonial me tomsburg -- through colonial williamsburg. to be able to connect research with the realities of everyday life in the 18th century with the public that largely has not gotten it at the k-12 level or in college or beyond. if we can bring those relationships to life in the fight tradespeople can speak of the relationships that they have with a master,e and any of the characters that one might encounter on the street or in our many sites, we all try to speak of these relationships and to pick them visually and in the language that we use. host: we will hear from linda and washington, d.c. caller: i think you answered my question about employment. just to clarify, do you look for academic backgrounds for these interpreters or is a passion for history and knowledge of the time enough? secondly, how would you compare the visitor experience in williamsburg with that of jamestown? guest: thank you for your question. part of our vigorous training capacitys to develop to master material and convey the material to guest. we have people wh

the other colonies? startedso virginia was really as a commercial , which is in some ways much different from the impulses that started the colonies that plymouth and massachusetts, they were looking for religious freedom or freedom from religious persecution. virginia was really established as a business venture. they were seeking gold. they did not really find it. they were seeking timber, which they found an awful lot of. they were looking to turn this into a commercial venture, to extend the new and emerging british empire. in some ways, that makes virginia as early days -- virginia's early days different from some of the other colonies. some are formed on the principle of religious freedom or freedom from religious persecution, and others are founded more on a commercial basis. i think virginia is the first of these that starts out really in the essence of trade. greta: what challenges did virginia present that these other states did not, to the british? years orn the early just as a colony in gener

so again, the core story, the core values started here in colonial williamsburg. and that's why this is so very important for all americans to connect with. >> with that, mr. reiss, we want to say thank you to you and colonial williamsburg for welcoming american history tv and the c-span bus this morning and throughout the day to williamsburg. thank you, sir, for your time as well. >> my pleasure. please come back any time. >> like i said, we'll continue throughout the day here. we'll be taking your phone calls and your text messages after we show you this short little bit from colonial williamsburg. as we said, this scene depicts may 26th, 1774. we'll be back in about 15 minutes, and then we'll be

our bus is there at colonial williams burg. about what's happening and how it works at colonial williams burg. so let me just begin to set this conversation up with what's the economy like at this time in colonial williams burg. >> a stress vl time. for those of us in 2015, we like to think that we've invented both complexity and stress. but those who are living in williams burg, during a revolution, the beginning, especially how the revolution unfolded. certainly by the time the capital moves to richmond, later, 1780, we're looking at a place of scarce sill. skargsty. we have an urban space. this is where they connect. they're finding a way here to the market house. one of the buildings we've just reconstructed here is the marketplace. in this marketplace, for what i have encountered, all of the products and the penal that braugts the economy to life. we have rural people who've made the trek in for market day. we have local people in town who have bringing their wares. this is a town, though landlocked, has two ports. it's a

, many people in the 13 colonies are not privy too. the folks on this property, the randolphs, they heard everything. and so they, they had a good idea of what was going on. and if you're talking about the proclamation when lord dunmore eventually issues that probl proclamation, everybody has heard about it. it was huge, it was offering freedom to the enslaved. it was big. it was no way that they could keep freedom quiet. no way. >>> and we are back live here on american history tv on c-span 3 today. and on your screen is the c-span bus at colonial williamsburg, and we have been talking to curators, historians, interpreters here all day on american history tv about what life was like back in the 1770s in williamsburg, virginia. you just heard from one of the african-american interpreters there that we recently spoke to in williamsburg, by the way, active interpretation of slavery began in 1979. here to talk more about that with us is steven seals. he is the senior manage irfor african-american programming. mr. seals, tell us a little b

from the bridgepoint of you, attacks on the colonies -- tax on the colonies made a lot of sense. the british had just ousted the butch from this continent they had borrowed heavily to do this and they were very deeply in debt. it seemed only right that the colonists should pay their fair share for this. the stamp act ignited a firestorm of opposition. it swept through the colonies with unprecedented force. none of the colonists ever paid a stamp tax. it sparked more than riots and mobs. precipitated the greatest constitutional debates in western history. all of the fundamental issues of politics and government. power and liberty. popular consents. differences between statutes and fundamental law. the issue of sovereignty. stageslated in several until climaxed in the declaration of independence. the argument was exhilarating. it forced the british and the colonists to clarify their different experiences over the. of the last century. been hidden from view over a century and a half. by the time the imperial debate was over, americans not only to clarify their understanding but they

next, we toured the governors palace in colonial williamsburg. colonial williamsburg. a historical interpreter brings us through the house and gives us the story of the governor and his family who fled on the eve of the american revolution. hello. i am one of the curators here at colonial williamsburg foundation. not only are these

the experience is 150-175 years and the colonial experience --

because virginia is another colony. that has this colonial product tobacco and the price keeps falling on it. virginia planters are constantly looking for ways to maximize the profits on these tobacco lands. so virginia planters start coordinating with her betas planters and virginia imports the gang system and the plantation model. new investors from england come to virginia in the late 1600s after the sugar boom to re-create in virginia what the barbadians already created. they start training back and forth what the laws of slavery should be and there is a great close correspondence between the two colonies. so, all of these big developments, and i will talk about these in more detail over the next week or two, all of these are fueled by the presence of these large tobacco plantations down in the caribbean. so, i think this is a good stopping point for today. but we have time for some questions. hopefully, we have a few. we can move quickly through a lot of material. this is a chance to kind of process and relax. ques

because the colonies represented religion on of that was near the surface of colonial of especially in times crisis with a almost complete interweaving of social and concerns. political in 1755 virginians kwaeuld in their homes because of the of the seven years war in the colonies the french and indians war. july of that year the british braddock ed by edward and virginia militia led by much destroyedon near present day pittsburgh by native americans allied with britain's bit ter enemy. frontier the colonial spetzed to french troops and allies. so at the same time revival perform were deepening attachment to scripture military conflict turned the bible into a servant of empire. as one historian has written french opening of the and indian war with to the paris in 1763 in sermon after sermon new england lifted the british liberty tkpwaepagainst roman ca france. of a ch noted sermons virginia clergy indicates this ontrasting of liberty and tyranny extended far beyond new england. davies delaware born and a presbyterian academy in pennsylvania plays he key role in winning civil rights for

colonial catholics as well. colonial catholics as well. britain catholics knew then that the colonial alliance with france proved that this breakaway movement was morally bankrupt. in the coloniecolonies, it's a different because there were -- new england -- people that took part in the american invasion of canada under benedict arnold who actually came back from new france feeling a little bit better about what they encountered. they were devils. they ernt eating their children. they seemed to be semidecent folks. there's a nice book by a man named hanson who argue that that experience of the invaders actually cushioned some of the anti-catholicism that had been so prevalent rhetorically and ideologically in england leading to the first -- get the date exactly right -- the first recognized catholic congregation in boston, 1789, 1790. so the anti-catholic ideology was still there, but when real catholics showed up on the ground, things were a little less strident. on the anti-catholic element that the language a

we take a tour of the reconstructed colonial capital building. house ofearn about the burgesses and the role of the colonial governor. >> welcome to the capital building here. starting in jamestown in 1619. thenly moving to what was middle plantation. renamed for the king, king william. by 1704 the capital building had been built on this spot. it finally burned down in 1747. that foundingspot learned to be representative of the people. while this is a story of virginia and its history. it is a history of the entire united states. a part of our common heritage of citizens. this was the very first government building ever to be theyred to as a capital lost four statehouses to fire. it was the lower house of the assembly. just like the house of commons in london this is where all money bills had to originate. during the 18th century there would be to burgesses for every county, one burgess for the college of william and mary, and one for jamestown and williamsburg. this became the centerpiece, the birthplace of the american protest against the stamp

on your screen is the c-span bus at colonial williamsburg. we have been talking to curators , historians and interpreters all day on american history tv about what life was like back in the 1770's in williamsburg, virginia. you just heard from one of the african-american interpreters there. active interpretation of slavery began in 1979. care to talk more about that with us is stephen feels. he is the senior manager for african-american programming. tell us more about what life was like for the enslaved population. with williamsburg being more of an urban setting, you will find a lot more work happening within the home. closer to the slave master. what that tended to mean was that there was less of an opportunity to have time on your own. you are serving that master 24 hours a day, seven days a week. when they are not sleeping, you are tending to them. are sleeping, sometimes you are tending to the fires or making sure everything's going all right for them. you tended to have less time to yourself. ,ven having less of that time you still woul

colonial williamsburg is the only really surviving 18th century capital city of the colonial period. we were fortunate in a sense that the geographic location of williamsburg made it difficult to develop large-scale industry. we are not on the water or at the falls of a river, so williamsburg was never a port city. williamsburg was never a huge industrial center. the armoury was one of the larger industries found in the city. the importance of this city was that it was the seat of government. the other importance are the ideals defined here, the ideals that defined american liberty and american independence. the museum seeks to preserve that along with this environment. the museum offers not only political ideals but architectural splendor. you can see some of the best colonial architecture of the chesapeake preserved here. you have all of these variety of trades that bring the town to life. you have the original town plan, the city of williamsburg was laid out in 1699 and the streets are largely unchanged. it is a great place to visit the past, to touch the past, to understand how t

we're here in the chamber of the council of the colony of virginia. and this is where there would be meetings for various sorts of business. as a matter of fact, one of the things that we know happened repeatedly here is independent nations of indians such as cherokee would come here on diplomatic missions. hopefully they were here to present devices like this, is this a piece felt, that there would be a bright and shining friendship in between virginians and the cherokee. and belts like this were kept in this chamber to show that there would be peace between the cherokee and virginians. didn't always happen that way, but there was hope for peace. they would also meet to discuss other items, as well. the 12 counselors were the creme de la creme of society. they hold royal appointments and they served for life or good behavior. the governor would sit here in a chair much like this and then the other council members would sit to either side. and here is where they would pass legislation as the upper house of the assembly. as a matter of fact, we know th

when the mother country and the colonies were in argument. one historian has noted that the puritan patriarch john winthrop founded a community of the spirit and his grandchildren invested in connecticut real estate. this somehow sums up the complaint of the moment by 1740. material aspirations, he was a -- an advertisement for material aspirations. the idea of becoming successful. --was a philanthropic we philanthropicly inspired individual because his inventions like the franklin stove or his experiments and electricity, he did not try to capitalize on them. but instead of taking a patent, he gave them to society at large for the betterment of humanity. he did become a millionaire. he knew he was doing. across the colonies at this time, 1740-ish, some ministers noted that spiritual piety almost didn't exist anymore and that in awakening was necessary. and a leaking of spiritual awakening of spiritual energy and god had to come back into people's lives. so the great awakening was a more or less spontaneous movement counteracting the worship.

he was perhaps the favorite monarch of colonial americans. they kept the portraits of various monarchs here. here we have king george the second. he was perhaps the favorite monarch of colonial americans because he left the americans alone. his long time on the throne would end up being benign neglect. opposite is his wife, queen caroline who caroline county was named for. she was popular because she never bothered virginia. it was not only the stamp act that caused problems here but later legislation would also. as a matter of fact during the towns and duty debates -- townsend duty debates, and during the debates about the boston pork bill, which happened as an answer to the boston tea party, that would lead to this assembly being dismissed by the royal governor. royal governors had that power at this time. it was determined they had to close the port of boston. they adopted something that seems mild to us, a day of resolution, fasting and prayer. the governor said only the king, the head of the church of england or his representative in the

next, we toured the governors palace in colonial williamsburg. colonial williamsburg. a historical interpreter brings us through the house and gives us the story of the governor and his family who fled on the eve of the american revolution. hello. i am one of the curators here at colonial williamsburg foundation. our textile these in needlework exhibition -- right now we are at the governor's palace. it would have been the symbol of power and authority for the british crown and it would have represented power to the columnists of virginia. royal the home of seven governors including alexander foxwood. also the home of our first state governors. and have a very orderly design. it was the third-largest building in town. it consisted not only of the butding we are standing in, there was a can now, a scullery, a laundry, kitchen. we know that one governor actually had 5000 models in his cellar. the house today is a reconstructed building on an ural site. \ it was open to the public in 1934. since then it has undergone refurbishing and interpretations. one governor arrived

that could happen to any one of these new colonies. we need to band together like the great sons of liberty in the north that we, we shall fight for our rights. >> people of williamsburg, subjects of his most gracious majesty king george iii, pay heed. i stand before you a vexed and troubled man. i stand before you a betrayed man, betrayed as you have been betrayed. good people, you have been betrayed by the very men that you yourselves elected to be your voice in government. on the 16th night of the december last, 1773, traitors disguised as indians did in the dead of night and in the port of boston board three ships of the east india company. once aboard, they cast 342 chests of tea worth some 10,000 pounds sterling into the sea. in order to prevent further such offensive attacks upon private property, parliament, with his majesty's blessing, will of necessity close boston harbor until the tea is paid for, to be effected on the first day of june, six days hence. but the crimes of these ill-named sons of liberty are of no bother to us

to meet midway between the northern colonies and the southern colonies, to meet in the largest city here in north america, philadelphia. >> well, we are talking to thomas jefferson this morning on american history tv portrayed by bill barker. it is now your opportunity to call in with your questions and comments for him. if you live on the east coast, 202-748-8900. west coast, 202-748-8901. also we're taking your texts this morning. so text us at 202-717-9684. you can also join the conversation on facebook if you go to american history tv. as well as twitter, @c-spanhistory. and thomas jefferson on the c-span bus with us this morning. so mr. jefferson, let's talk about then the reaction from britain. >> well, it was considered somewhat impolite, unjustified, that all of the colony wills ought come together with the united american representation. his majesties parliament decided to remain separate and that caused keeping us at bay. they worry that had if we came together, well but common accepts, three heads are better than two, that 12, 13 heads collectively would be of a greater influe

we to meet midway between the north colonies and the southern colonies, meet in the largest city in north america, philadelphia. we are talking to thomas jefferson on american history tv, but trade by bill paerker. coast,live on the east -- on the west coast out and had -- we are taking your text this morning. 71791864. you can also join the conversation on facebook, and witter, http://twitter.com/cspanwj. jefferson, let's talk about the reaction from britain. considereds impolite, unjustified, that all of the colonies should come together with the united american representation. us torliament desired remain separate. they worried that if we came together, and two heads is better than one, 12 or 13 heads collectively would be of a greater influence, a greater safety and defense amongst themselves. the reaction of the crown was to pursue as many of the petitions we put forth of our grievances. host: talk about the declaration of independence and how you came to this and the writing of it. say, that the greatest influence that brought me to be able to draft our i will promise of who we are

, many people in the 13 colonies are not privy too. the folks on this property, the randolphs, they heard everything. and so they, they had a good idea of what was going on. and if you're talking about the proclamation when lord dunmore eventually issues that probl proclamati

colonial williamsburg has a gunsmith shop that makes civilian firearms. feriers where horseshoers, cutlers in the town that worked on sharp-edged tools. we combine a lot of those activities on our site today. the last job we know that james anderson undertook according to surviving accounts was he repaired an umbrella for somebody here in the community. so even those sorts of activities were going on. i think our site in the historic trade sites here in williamsburg august together have some important things to offer a modern audience. one of the most important things is the fact that we're preserving these hand skills. this sort of hand work is something that is rarely experienced in modern life. at one point, simple hand tool use was something that was taught to almost every school kid. the thought being that if you knew how to use a hammer, a saw, a chisel, a file, a screwdriver, you could do maintenance on your own automobile or house or lawnmower.

>> next on american artifacts, we'd tour colonial williamsburg. a historical interpreter brings us through the house and gives us the story of the governor and his family who fled on the eve of the american revolution. >> i one of the curators of textiles and historic interiors here at colonial williamsburg foundation. i work with not only our textile and quilts and needlework exhibition. right now we are at the governor's palace. it would have been the symbol of power and authority for the british crown and it would have represented power to the columnists of virginia. -- the colonists of virginia. the building was the home of seven royal governors including alexander foxwood. the first royal governor who took office in 1710. it was all it was also the home of our first state governors. patrick henry and thomas jefferson. and have a very orderly design. it was the third-largest building in town. it consisted not only of the building we are standing in, but there was a can now, a scullery, a laundry, kitchen. we know that one governor actually had

the costume design center at colonial williamsburg. we alter items for the 900 people that we have in costume. actually about 600 and about 1,400 different positions. we build maintain and alter the 60,000 items that we have in stock in circulation. this is the operation room, this is the largest section of our facility. in here we have one supervisor, two pattern and makers. and the rest of the people you see working diligently are tailors. we build and maintain all the garments for the historic area of products. so maintaining includes laundering and dry cleaning. this rack right here is often issued to people and then it's going to -- they can come in and pick it up and take it out for their use. generally when you come to work here, you'll get an allotment. that's based on what it is you do and how you do it. it's about 60 to 65 articles of clothing. we -- we clothe from the head to toe and skin out. the average allotment is worth about $4,000 so quite an investment for the foundation. here we have the two outfits that were manufac

yes, after the colony. she has just turned six months old. imagine that trip last night with a six-month-old. actually this room here used to , be the governor's office. it's a nice, big, private room for an office. well, his desk is now in the dining room downstairs. so, we will see that dining room on our way to the ballroom. exquisite, isn't it? our last governor paid out of his own pocket to update these rooms in the latest style. he was a bachelor, you know. he loved to throw balls. warminghad these machines put into the room back here, very ornate. coal burning, you know. not many about here burning coal, except for lord dunmore. but lord dunmore owns his own coal mines. that does help. but you see, it is expected of our governors here that they hold large celebrations these , balls, in honor that there ir majesties, king george iii and queen charlotte. our last ball was in january for the queen's birth night. i doubt we will be having a ball in the king's on her anytime soon. you know what i mean. it is just that everyone is so angry a

yes, after the colony. she's just turned six months old. oh, imagine that trip last night with a six-month-old. actually, this room here used to be the governor's office. nice, big, private room for an office. but then the counties joined him and his desk is now in the dining room downstairs. so, we will see thatdining room on the way to the ballroom. exquisite, isn't it. the last governor, he paid out of his own pocket to upgrade these rooms in the latest style. he's a bachelor, you know. he even had these warming machines put into the rooms back here. very ornate. . except for lord dunmore. but he owns his own coal mines. but it is expected of our governor's here. they pulled these large celebrations, these balls, in honor of their majesties. king george, iii, and queen charlotte. our last ball was in january for the queen's birth night. i doubt she'll be having a ball in the king's honor any time soon. you know what i mean. it is just everyone so angry at the governor these days. it happened back in april. a group of -- well, everyone he

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next, we visit colonial williamsburg in virginia that employs a variety of trades people. we talk with ken

the experience is 150-175 years and the colonial experience -- that is why colonial history is important. it seems like nostalgia and it is not. it is important and it is much neglected, i must confess. [applause] host: thank you. thank all of you for coming. i want to remind you that the book is a great holiday gift. [laughter] we will see you again. thank you all for coming. we love having you with us and we love doing this program. good night. >> you're watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter. and to keep up with the latest history news. all weekend long, american history tv is joining our comcast cable partners to showcase the history of monterey, california. to learn more, visit /citiestour.rg we continue with our look at the history of monterey. >> welcome to monterey, situated on california's central coast. it's significant to historians and should be to all californians because it is the first place the government of mexico and ultimately the governor of california did business. the first time in ame

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the city has had problems with colonies of cats spreading throughout ... and the shelter's could help. nats: interview start sot " it's very inexpensive ... everybody can make it.? yeah i probably took me seveminutes tops. vo: the construction? a simple cat shelter to provide warmth and safety for stray cats during the winter. u-s-d student allaina howard has made it her mission to help the so called "verm cats" of vermillion, south dakota. all through a simple picture. sot: "i was looking on pintrest just cat related things and i saw this cat shelter picture and i thought it was interesting, so i clicked on it and it had a link for alley cat allies it's a failed cat advocacy group." alley cat allies provides information for people who want to help, ininuding the inststctions on how to built a ahelter. there e a large amount of options and room f creativity. what howard hopes though is that her sheltering efforts lead to a larger engagement with vermillion's feral cat population and eventually a better solution. sot: "i hope that this leads to a trap neute

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>> i started graduate school in colonial america. that was on. but then i was in wyoming looking at the 19th century. i found these detective papers sitting around in car -- archives. they were completely fascinating. i didn't know they were there. at that point, i decided to switch to detective and wyoming and the mountain west. >> what did you find out about these detectives that really intrigued you? >> will, detectives seem to be everywhere in the 19th century west. the first one i saw was if a saloon and buying everybody drinks. some are sales men and some are travelers. they were posing as prospectors. one case one was posing as a doctor. >> why would contestants be in the west? who haired them? >> usually the railroad and the mines, ranchos these are enormous corporations. ly. -- millions of dollars here. they had a bunch of workers and a bunch of world population spread out across about a million square miles in the northwest. they don't know who these people were and people going ton strike and demanding wages. for them to know who they

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happen alllosings over the colony. it's not that wister is the first it monitors the most spectacular. they have actually there for a long 4600. the large number and it's very piece. that gauge is going to end true but at the last minute he doesn't. powerful of this is a test it's an entirely peaceful one. placef this action takes around the courthouse design means trade which runs north-south. there are a number of caverns on main street and it's the meeting house which is also the congregational church. much of the built environment today doesn't exist. the courthouse does it's a private home that was moved several times from its original of nation that is now in a residential section and is a private home. it looks like a federal style building. this is the single most important piece of evidence that we have about the revolution in 1774. this is the diary of france's parkman was a longtime administrator in westborough massachusetts. yet the diary for decades. in this intrigue he describes the number of militiamen w