as a new kind in a way of colonialism yes it's a new multi-national colonialism heinies. these trade agreements reveal to the mechanisms to be true of this on the one hand colonized by multinational companies and financial institutions and on the other hand colonizing itself. however these very same forces are behind a more traditional style of colonization which is not through trade agreements but for bombs and wars. the u.s. british and french air strikes against president at the half in libya in two thousand and eleven swept away a regime that was controlling migrant fulls from africa into least huge amounts of weapons into an already unstable region. the females suggest the real reasons for francis involvement are less than humanitarian. gadhafi had accumulated more than one hundred forty three tons of gold and was planning to use this to introduce. an african dyna as an alternative currency to the franc in francophone africa so this was a threat to french colonial worst. desires within the francophone countries. this reveals precisely how the refugees are linked to e

each colony was a self-sustain little country. richard henry lee brought theming to for the first time. in 1775, at the first continental congress. he stood with patrick henry, demanding war with britain if necessary to obtain redress of american grievances against parliament's governing ministry. in april of that year, british troops fired the shots heard around the world at lexington and concord. and the year after that, lee invited his own execution on the british gallows for the trainous treasonous resolve before the congress that the these uunited colonies -- his word -- are and of right ought to be free and independent. his writing, his document, illustrated in this back. if those words sound familiar, they should, because they are the key words in the declaration of innocence and richard henry lee, not jefferson, who first wrote, and then spoke those words in congress, urging independence. three weeks later, on july 2nd , congress approved these -- lees resolution, declaring independence from britain. newspaper sent the new

the british colony is destroyed by a multi-tribal indian army. it is not french troops, the forts they built in the west. forts are only viable if the indians who live around them defend them. the key to defeating the french in ohio country is not so much to engage them in battle. it is to win indians away from french alliances, to neutralize them. washington is involved in the next expedition, which succeeds in capturing the force in the ohio. this is assisted by the scottish expedition of john forbes. washington wants to get the job done. he is a young man. he says, we are not moving fast enough. the general is incompetent. he is using a new road. washington is pushing his interests. he is advancing slowly. off washington's radar, he is conducting complicated indian diplomacy, which results in the treaty of pennsylvania, in which 500 indian people from 13 different tribes show up. the british promise them that once the french are defeated, lands will be safe, which had been refused previously, because indian people are not positive the front or

it will escape the fate of written's american colonies. -- britain's american colonies. colonies belong to the mother country. and grew up and matured, left home. that's ok, but what happens if wisconsin tries to pull that off? we are now populist, we can look after our own affairs, we don't need to be governed by philadelphia or washington. you have got to stop that. the way this does it is by making territorial status, unlike colonial status, temporary. they start out as a territory. when the population grows to a certain extent, you become a state. you petition to become a union, a state on the same level as everybody else. intos how most states come the union. again, the problem is the northwest territory is occupied by indian people, and the northwest ordinance, having laid out this plan, this blueprint of national expansion, also pledges that the united states will deal fairly and honorably with indian exert theirwill not lands except in lawful wars by congress. there is a phrase. this is part of what washington wrestles with as president. as first president, he is

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program. imagine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. add to that credit card balances and final medical bills, and you've got plenty of reasons to call for free information about this valuable coverage. it's easy and affordable to help cover your final expenses through the colonial penn program. as long as you're 50 to 85 you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time, money you can borrow against. so don't wait, call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the coloni

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program.fe insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85, you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial penn program were answered. it couldn't have been any easier and we both got the coverage we should have had for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (laughing) (colonial penn jingle) >>> all right. it is time now for the mix. we're going to start things off with the drunk guy getting a bailout. so kenny, after bei

might not be colonies for that much longer. --are really lucky at period a collection of schoolgirl needlework. i would like to say that these samplers are the work of our youngest artist. they are being worked by young girls were 7, 8, 9, 10 years old -- 10-years-old. the one of the smallest ones in our collection is also the most he who is "blessed is considerate of the poor." it is the only surviving needlework stitched by a cherokee girl at the school in cherokee county, north carolina, a school created by the baptist and actually1 stitched by this young girl for a woman in baltimore, a woman amed eliza baynard who was philanthropist and donor to the school. what is really cool though is in addition to this work by this young cherokee girl, we also have in our collection a second sample or from the same school -- sampler from the same school, works not by one of the native americans at the school, but by a 12-year-old girl named catherine cleaver in 1823. the cleaver family were some of the missionaries who actually left th

all were welcome in this colony which we know is the state of pennsylvania. these are the acts and the laws and the land deed showing ownership. laws, we are showing they are using part of the bible to use as their legislation of how that colony would be founded. over here, as we move forward. maryland laws --cted and it is showing maryland was established as a catholic colony. you cannot see it but it is showing maryland being one of the first colonies to enact a religious toleration act. it is showing here that if you ,re blasphemous, the punishment it starts off with a mild beating and then it goes on to a more severe beating and then you would be thrown out of the colony should you continue with what you considered -- with what they considered blasphemy. area, wewe're in this might look at one of these specialty cases down the main aisle. this takes on those early tolerance,lack of slavery that involved enslaving ,ndians as a commercial trade and the stories are told through the spanish, the french, christopher columbus, and the african-american experienc

in those colonies built the modern industrial british economy so history is very complex and what i'm accusing britain of is failing to be interested in its complexity you know we talk about abolition but we don't talk about slavery we have a very much i have a victor's version of british history as a result of having one second what we're having like there are he were on the right side of history. i just i honestly don't i don't recognize this because every institution in britain it seems to me is full of a kind of ant straighten exploration of the fact that my goodness you know we're a museum maybe we represent colonialism what are we going to do about our empires history this renaming discussions going on discussions about statues and so on if anything i think we're over preoccupied about colonial past i don't mind a debate about history i feel as though however history is being plundered for the sufferings of people in the past very often ethnic minorities in the past almost as a way of talking about racism today which is a very different thing and i would suggest that whilst i wa

about the colonial penn program.e to tell you if you're age 50 to 85, and looking to buy life insurance on a fixed budget, remember the three p's. what are the three p's? the three p's of life insurance on a fixed budget are price, price, and price. a price you can afford, a price that can't increase, and a price that fits your budget. i'm 54. alex, what's my price? you can get coverage for $9.95 a month. i'm 65 and take medications. what's my price? also $9.95 a month. i just turned 80. what's my price? $9.95 a month for you too. if you're age 50 to 85, call now about the #1 most popular whole life insurance plan, available through the colonial penn program. it has an affordable rate starting at $9.95 a month. no medical exam, no health questions. your acceptance is guaranteed. and this plan has a guaranteed lifetime rate lock, so your rate can never go up for any reason. so call now for free information. and you'll also get this free beneficiary planner. and it's yours just for calling. so call now. >>> let's get r

not from outside of europe but within the colonies themselves. as we mentioned, they are from theefuge catholics, quakers, that just, or anything that opposed the ideas of the earlier settlers. kerry was mentioning, he wanted to tell the story of the good, the bad, and the ugly. they came over looking for refuge from religious persecution. those who came seeking the same, if they had a different idea, then they became the persecuted. it is kind of an interesting story if you look at it from an honest perspective. >> at this point in time, as we sort of end this section, the bible was a key document. people started drifting away, and some would say that america, as we knew it is that day, started falling asleep, and it became somewhat of a secondary document in people's lives. the second section of our toward deuce with the rebirth or awakening of the bible in america and has an amazing story unto

shift the model from a colonial to a settler colonial model. you do not end it by partition if the end by unlimited domination. treating palestine as a multinational state is on the basis of her race would only perpetuate a discourse. because the designed proposal. then if you recognize them then you are perpetuating apartheid. palestine wrongly divided by race. we unified mandate palestine. okay. there is a legal basis for doing this if we turn back to league of nation mandate. it was one country for everyone that lived there. it would not be a jewish state or anybody state. it would be a secular democratic state. the hard part of this is that reunification doesn't raise very serious questions of identity shift to reconstruct the idea of the nation. it would stop being a foggy mandate reference or dream in the future but it would be one state that belong to all who are idiots. it would not be the exclusive geographic heritage of any one part of the population. it would not require the exclusion of anybody which is tough for people who had lost

i want this to being settler colonialism, the settler who travels into the colony is traveling within their sovereignty with the intent to stay. that intent to stay within the colony and assert their sovereignty also places imperative through moves native. there are two processes at play. there is the removal of the native with the intent to replace them with the settler and establish a continuous, uninterrupted temporal and spacial presence. this is from patrick wolf, logic of elimination. so the removal of the settler, excuse plea of the palestinians isn't an event but becomes an on going as palestinians referred to it but also fits in the theoretical framework. if we begin with settler colonization as the framework, apar tied and occupation become two legal regulatory regimes that enable the and fulfill the settler colonial ambition of remom and replacement. so dr. tilley discussed one approach. apar tied. i will discuss occupation. i'm not sure how this works but here is the map that you may be familiar with. obviously israel never defined border, these are the 1949 armistice line

exploration of the fact that my goodness you know we're a museum maybe we represent colonialism what are we going to do about our empires history this renaming discussions going on discussions about statues and so on if anything i think we're over preoccupied about our colonial past i don't mind a debate about history i feel as though however history is being plundered for the sufferings of people in the past very often ethnic minorities in the past almost as a way of talking about racism today which is a very different thing and i would suggest that whilst i want an intelligent discussion about history that it's got nothing to do and the legacy of it has got nothing to do with the contemporary problems we face in relation. to have a reality i know i mean i like i write i don't know where to start. i don't know where to start with i have fundamentally disagree with you look at our political leaders good brown david cameron michael go they talk about history as a celebrates we subject classes that we learn too much my riddled with shame how many people in britain can name one of the a

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program. imagine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. add to that credit card balances and final medical bills, and you've got plenty of reasons to call for free information about this valuable coverage. it's easy and affordable to help cover your final expenses through the colonial penn program. as long as you're 50 to 85 you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time, money you can borrow against. so don't wait, call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the coloni

they were invading french colony. churchill decided not to tell him on the grounds that his headquarters leaked. he decided it was better to withhold. at the conference, they would try and orchestrate what they would call a shotgun wedding and they actually used those terms, between giraud and degaulle to put sort of a union fi indication unification of the resistance together and that did not go so well. this meeting would be -- would also be followed by an announcement that the allies were going to pursue unconditional surrender which is when people talk about the casablanca conference, that's usually what they latch upon, this idea that the allies were -- roosevelt announces during the press conference that the allies are going to pursue unconditional surrender. it wasn't planned. in fact, churchill was so shocked by it that he whips his head around like you said what? the idea, however, had been discussed during the conference that the allies should think about pursuing unconditional surrender and it was even sugg

, shift model from a colonial to a settler colonial model and that means that you do not and it by practicing or and you can't and separate colonialism and its power by petition. and it by eliminating settler domination. treating palestinian as a multinational state is on the basis of race would only saturate a settler discord because it is sign is him as that there are identities that if you recognize them and institutionalize them they are essentially perpetuating apartheid. to the whole country as one country in palestine wrongly divided by race and this is south africa formula. one country wrongly divided by race and reunifying mandate palestine. i'm out of time, aren't i smart how my doing? there is a legal basis for doing this if he turned back to the league of nations mandate. it's always propose that is one country for everyone that there and that it would not be a jewish state or anybody state but secular democratic state so there is a nice, fat, legal argument to explore there. the hard part of this is that reunification does raise very serious questions of identity shift and to rec

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the colonies had western land that often went all the way to the pacific. nobody really knew where it was. virginia gives it a huge swath of territory, into the ohio country, deep into indian country, so that organizations like the virginia company of ohio look at this as a way to bolster the tobacco industry, to make future investments, and that will be important in washington's life and in the way american history unfolds. that area is not as people would phrase it at the time, "vacant land." it was not land that was there for the taking. it was contested land. particularly in the middle of the 18th century, contested between britain and france. as this map shows. this map is pure fantasy. it shows britain and spanish claims to the continent, but ignores the hundreds of nations whose names it should be on the -- nations whose names should be on the map and control reality and determine the outcome of what will happen. when virginia looks west across the mountains to the ohio country, it is in competition with philadelphia. it is also in competition with f

the so-called super colony is thriving.he discovery was made by an international team, including researchers from oxford university. -- they detail the findings and said that the discoveries a total suse. victoria gill has more. victoria: a birds eyeiriew of a seabsuper colony. 1.5 million penguins are resting here just east of the antarctic peninsula. satellite images captured almost bur years ago indicated that a large colony mig here. but it was only when a team of british and u.s. scientists noted expedition to the remote rocky isle that they were able to see at penguins center. painstaking headcounts along with aerial photography reveals the scale of this haven. i joined the researchers in 2016 and captured just a snapshot of the t decade of monitoring frozen landscape. the penguins on the rest of the peninsula are declining, so this discovery hundreds of miles away provides a vital look at a site that could be a refuge for birds. ie might need more production from human activitlike fishing. one key to this island's va

one key to this island's vast stable colony, researchers say, is its sea ice. island difficult for fisheries and shipping. there's already proposal to make the weddell sea around the danger islands a marine protected area. views like this showjust what that could preserve. victoria gill, bbc news. a positive note to end the programme on. we are on social media and there is lots more online. goodbye. after another day after disruption, the big question is, what does the weekend have in store? slowly, things are going to turn less cold. still some wintry showers around, a mixture of rain, sleet and snow. for tonight, a band of snow will become increasingly light and patchy drifting across the midlands and northern england and wales and northern ireland so mostly rain showers for the south west model that could give icy conditions and snow showers towards the north—east. into saturday, we continue to bring this band of cloud and patchy snow northwards and northern england, northern ireland and southern scotla nd northern ireland and southern scotland seeing some o

in the wild giant rats live in small underground colonies. they're quite independent within the colony they live in their own burrows and tend not to share food with neighbors. females can choose their own mating partners but the colonies are not matter. they are ruled by a group that works a little like a parliament with both male and female members. it's a big day for isaac. is about to move on to high school. just like every graduate to be he gets his own personal transport. now i can start his field training. you. giant power grabs are nocturnal they sleep by day but have.

the descendants of the africans who escaped the colonial docks plantations were known as maroons after they established that independent communities in the rainforest they maintained many of their african traditions. the women of surinam have played a vital role in preserving their culture and passing on the faith from one generation to the next. ever. asked when in a has finished the housework she reads from the bible to her daughter and granddaughter. and thinking god has appointed his son the heir of all things through whom he also created the world glory for god he is the radiance of god's glory and the exact imprint of his nature and he upholds the universe by his powerful words. man. when you're. not good i want you die now don't you think. so raven brethren helped the local community become self-sufficient the former slaves and i descendants build boats and simple houses for their families the women also took up handicrafts including traditional wood carving. patterns decorating the bowls and calabashes are handed down within families from one generation to the next. no minority

the moon and mars are the most for colonies in the space system. mercury and venus are too hard solidher planets have no surface. very smallf mars are and have no advantage over mars itself. some of the moons of jupiter and thern might be possible, moon of saturn is larger and more massive than our moon and has a denser atmosphere. a probe has landed and sent back pictures of the surface. however, it is very cold. being so far from the sun, i living there.y the solar beyond system? our observations indicate a significant amount of planets them.tars around so far, we can detect only planets like jupiter and saturn but it is expected to be reasonable to assume they would be surrounded by smaller, earth-like planets. , the distance from the stars are within the reich -- in the right range to exist on the surface. there are around 1000 stars earth.light-years of if 1% of these have earth-sized planets in the zone we have candidates for new worlds. we cannot envision visiting them with current technology but we should make interstellar travel a long-ter

. -- that maryland was established as a catholic colony. that if youg here are blasphemous, basic punishments -- it starts off with a bite -- with a mild beating and a flogging. and then actually you would be thrown out of the economy -- out of the colony, should you continue with what they considered blasphemous behavior at the time period. this we look -- wobbler in area we look at the special cases down the main aisle. this takes on those early tolerance, ofk of slavery involved in enslaving indians. these are told through the spanish, through the french expirations, christopher columbus, and the african-american experience. we will pick up some of these same stories as we keep walking through this area. are some of the oldest of the stories. many of them date back to the foundations of america. some of the stories related to the spanish stories of america. >> he rented a large portion of land in cuba. basically the land and slave trade. he became a monk. it was considered barbaric. at least in his eyes and according to scripture, as he

a bird's eye view of a super colony.uins are nesting here on the aptly named danger islands just east of the antarctic peninsula. it was only when a team of british and us scientists mounted an expedition to the wrote, rocky islands that they we re the wrote, rocky islands that they were able to carry out a detailed penguin centres. painstaking headcounts with aerial photography revealed the scale of this wildlife haven. ijoined the team of researchers in antarctica in 2016 and captured a snapshot of their decade of wildlife monitoring in this frozen landscape. worked like this frozen landscape. worked like this on the ground in the antarctic has revealed that adelie penguins in the rest of the peninsular are in decline service discoveryjust 100 decline service discoveryjust100 miles away provides a vital clue about a site that can be a refuge for the birds. and it might need more protection from human activities like fishing. 0ne more protection from human activities like fishing. one key to this island's fast stable co

is their mother colonialism. see it they add. all the lawsuits united course is that nobody got those see if they on us me get out of it though the lesson is that the sentence only that because he has no conscience while the. plan then you can assume it will be a little nickel. then you can ask him this so poorly but it. a water lesson in means that you know they're over. this every other yeah seeing when take what. nobody knows is that the report we have been really going to read is the real is in the book is pretty much clear is something that we. both will one sensor that in the end is not the most interesting bit about this if you must but we need to explain the coming of the i mean. i'm told there's a what. more have come into that in the law. i may go skate in the east and. this is your. last proposed s.k. just make it a punning instead he doesn't own system so much when this company. i'm going to all my totheroh hearing cochabamba there are the most of us right now in this thing we want to build we just. see this in networ

time we want to visit that is also a colony of about one hundred thousand. and then by radio the argentine base says the winds have become impossibly strong and it now has enough things to me. so mission is aborted and we have to wait another twenty four hours before making landfall on penguin island near the reasonably accessible tip of the antarctic peninsula a colony of chinstrap penguins territory with a large group of seals one making the most of the comfortable feathers of the molten juveniles of course the environment where these magnificent animals as wild life is living is incredibly fragile incredibly delicate there's all sorts of threats they're up against from climate change to cruel fishing and then of course there's this tourism and the tourists come here the audience close to king george in their masses some are prepared to pay top dollar to have the and all to experience there are some pressures that come from tourism in the background. two hundred person tours ship big the number of tourist coming down here say the beginning of the two thous

suppressed the role they played in this country's history all their attitude toward slavery and the colonial era i now they want to shapes are an arms future and be part of a modern society proud of its traditions. for many years this small country was the object of greed and plunder. forty landed at the mouth of the syrian army river where the capital parliamentary were was eventually belt is a reminder of the rivalry between the european powers and their insatiable greed for new territories there was a lot of war going on between the british and and the dark and the portuguese and the spaniards they all were fighting for their four different colonies and. now and then a ship from them would come in and then they would attack the ship from the fourth . this shipwreck in the port of panama some says a reminder it commemorates the armed conflicts and troubled history of a country that now bad english portuguese spanish and of course no one says the record commemorates the moravian missionaries who risked their lives in crossing the atlantic and who helped shape this proud society. i. i i i. s

two days later we arrive at hanna point on the southern edge of livingstone island here another colony of chinstrap penguins healthy and in good shape they overlook a group of gentoo penguins that is the distinctive beak of the southern giant but showing its young. or elephant seals all different species side by side on a grand scale but across the continent the pressure is building its crazy pace of change and at the moment colonies like this one seem to be doing ok but all it takes is one tide here and we saw in the east antarctic last year a penguin colony collapse to teach exploring. and and sort of the pace of change so quick we don't want to add additional threats things like fishing which is gradually expanding and is still in pretty good shape but it's apparent this unique landscape needs to be very carefully managed as multiple threats interludes on the horizon. al-jazeera and thought to be. tougher to take a look at the top stories here it out a bank has crashed in nepal killing at least fifty people the u.s. airlines flight from dhaka missed the runway at katmandu airport an

in the wild giant rats live in small underground colonies. they're quite independent within the colony they live in their own burrows and tend not to share food with neighbors. females can choose their own mating partners but the colonies are not matter. they're ruled by a group that works a little like a parliament with both male and female members. and. it's a big day for isaac. is about to move on to high school. just like every graduate to be he gets his own personal transport. now i can start his field training. giant nocturnal they sleep by day but have active night lives. try to adjust to the rats biorhythms they set out at five thirty in the morning so a field training session can start at six. bits for moments like this that isaac has been trained. by the sound of the edge of . fifteen years ago this month the united states in its so-called coalition of the willing to illegally invaded in occupied iraq and iraq continues to grapple with that fateful decision many call the invasion of iraq a blunder should we call it would it really i

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program.eople our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85, you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial penn program were answered. it couldn't have been any easier and we both got the coverage we should have had for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (laughing) (colonial penn jingle) >>> so this surveillance video of a woman refusing to give up her purse to a robber inside a convenience sto