from then on colonial officials in berlin like. the german settlers and traders could conduct their business in africa without interference. his sons the german stole their ancestors cattle and then. they gave them a big. of money he says and a lot of liquor. the missionaries told their converts they must obey the german kaiser he was a lutheran like them they said and god had appointed him their ruler. you know one of the. german businessmen were eager to get their hands on the country's rich mineral resources gold and diamonds. mining companies divided up the territory among themselves. the kaiser sent a contingent of several hundred troops to german southwest africa. the purpose of this so-called protection force was to guarantee the safety of the german settlers traders and miners but also the missionaries. traces of the german presence are still visible all over now. thank. the germans built the railway for economic and military purposes. the landmark christers cash are now stands in the shadow of the grandiose national museum

colonial theology. because they are not political here they were we have many congregants and congregation members who are not. political but it though i theological level it's different where we think that even the bible itself has an. imperialistic. way to get an. imperialist dick and so on and we would that that's what we do it with. you first african. professor. are developing an assertive african theology. but there is also a white lutheran community and the maybe with a strong attachment to its german identity its landmark church is the christers kasher in downtown vinter. in the early eighty's a german merchant called out of its landed on the southwest shores of africa he traded with the nomadic people he encountered here and persuaded them to give him land the german kaiser eventually appropriated that land reclaiming it a so-called german protectorate. german missionaries had already ventured into the territory from south africa they established a mission station near present day even turk in e

afforded by colonialism. fur trappers were one segment of the indian workforce, and several people worked at all kinds of tasks, you name it, and an indian was doing it. adobe was pretty common throughout california and northern new mexico, the southwest, all built by indians. the entire place was a monument to the willingness of indians to engage in this economic activity. i don't want to overstate my case. there were some indians as there were in the mission system who were less willing, who many observers described as being enslaved. were they actual property are being worked as if they were slaves? it is not clear. certainly not all indians affiliated with any aspect of the colonial california economy were doing this completely voluntarily, but what strikes me is how many were. especially among cowboys and trappers. this is prestige work. attended to be something that required coercion to get indian men to participate in. the most important trade good and trading with indians were the same as almost every

area to change to make colonialism work in their favor. mind, i want to revisit california today. i want to consider the ways californian indian societies continued this practice and helped to build california's , attract settlers, and transform the territory into a vital american state during the gold rush. hinged onformation the work of indian people. as you remember, catholic missionaries where the vanguard of spanish colonial settlement in california. franciscan missionaries envision the northern frontier in which indians would be converted into spanish subjects and willing to defend spain's claim to north america. in their approach, this meant economic conversion. on one hand, doing the lords work meant getting the indians to do spanish work, farming, traits, domestic service. the lords work required money, which was scarce, but sometimes that money could be made in ways that aligned with the spiritual goals of the mission. the backbone of california's economy before the gold rush, indian cowboys to the herd with the most important se

when the british controlled the colonies, they heavily taxed the colonies. citizens had to pay a tax on goods they brought in to the colonies. the colonies had no say so on the imposition of those taxes. that's another issue. the king issued writs of assistance, what that was was a piece of paper allowing the british military to go into businesses and homes unreasonably to just search to see if the colonies were paying a tax on imported goods. example, john hancock was a merchant. they would search his business to see if he had the tax stamp on the rum he brought in to the colonies. example, john hancock the right of privacy and the right to say something about your taxes were two reasons for the american revolution that came about. the right of privacy is a natural right as thomas jefferson said. one of the rights given to us by our creator. so our ancestors wrote the fourth amendment unique to the united states. here's what it says. the right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, paper, and effects against unreasonable soichts and seizures s

that israel is a settler colony. the only distinction between israel and the united states or canada and australia, which are also settler colonies, is that our demographic balance means that we are still controversial. we are still an active frontier of elimination. unlike this settler colony where the frontier of elimination has been accomp wlshed but settler colonialism continues, but it's no longer controversial. in palestine, it's not settled. as benny morris said, we just didn't kill enough palestinians when we had the opportunity. it's not a settled frontier, and that's why this remains controversial. the worst thing we can do, the worst thing we can do, is to already capitulate that israel is a normalized state and is a legitimate state. when in fact, it is a settler colony. if jews want to remain there, they remain there. but not as masters. not as colonial masters. not as a privileged supremacist class by virtue of law. they remain there as humans. we find a way to create a better world. we have the opportu

loot -- colonial new england. is it possible to reframe the conversation to include the fact that we are talking primarily about white women of a certain class and ability? and what would it look like if we were to include the stories of women of color in particular, black women and brown women who were owned by other people, who also birth, pregnancy, and children with disabilities being born? you.ank i don't think we have to reframe it. most of the records are the journals of the well educated wealthy man. we have very few records of women of any color. things when iny wrote my book about and hutchison, people have heard of her. poet?said isn't that the and there was another puritan woman in the 17th century and her name was ann bradstreet. there really is only room for one woman in this entire century. we don't think the women were important. we have portraits and journals of the very privileged men. theon't have portraits of women, even the richest ones. if you get down to the slaves there are no records. you

the struggle between different colonial clusters in the different takes on that family shaped the colonial times and many of the discussions in the revolutionary era. it was ugly back to the constitutional convention. to the debate and struggles that the colonies were having when they were actually fighting great britain. a constitutional monarchy in great britain but this was a conscious experiment to try to create one from scratch from a blank slate as it were. and how you would do that how would you ensure that fear --dash mac theoretically mike theoretically all individuals can maximize their freedom and autonomy it was a profound debate. did different debates. and in some traditions and regionally -based traditions as well. it was seen about being about individual liberty. the sovereignty and personal freedom of individuals being maximized. freedom not to be taken to pathological extent. with the tidewater and chesapeake region. that property ownership should reign supreme and if you've gained these things you should be free to exploit all the way down to the absurd level that was hel

to me mother rosie and many others the colonialization has not yet happened in south africa.you know i give to her and i think she just means means exactly that come to me as you are don't come to me as i think you are . and as opposed to the world with a us centric sort of like notion of how the functionality is then you have to be violent in that kind of situation. violence that tomorrow see expresses in his music. can do to a marketing uses music as a part of traditional african healing rituals it's a lengthy process as south africa continues to battle the burden of a brutal past and the challenges of today. there is an illusion that a plague man is free but we're still very much far away from the from the freedom that was sick for and there's a need for humanity and that's what's want to project in our music today. a new generation of jazz musicians it's rediscovering african traditions making itself heard beyond the borders of south africa. that's all for march twenty one for now next week we'll focus on martin luther the monk revolutionary and a reformer five hundred ye

a return to colonial times about the artists and. expression of.communicating and speaking in this. anybody could have. world and we got to get over. this used to be a storage site for grain. provides ample space for. hundred exhibition rooms sculptures photos paintings and installations. finally on display in africa. it's very important that we have a museum like this of scale so that we have a map of voices that could be heard that we could have two multiple exhibitions running at the same time from many different countries across africa with the dyes for them so that we can demonstrate the richness this richness has not gone unnoticed by the international art same. as commanding top prizes at international auctions has dragon like installation now hovers in the atrium of the site's museum of contemporary art africa. but there is also room for new discoveries divider is an installation by longest into rope and beer bottles everyday objects that can also do harm. longest walk in woodstock cape town's arts district the what if the world gallery her

a ferry through the straits of magellan to magdalen island today the island is a penguin colony sanctuary with access to tourists accompanied by foot nine percent penguin expert cloudy old boy we learned the penguin colonies in south america are under threat climate change is one reason it is well documented that changing rain patterns or spend was to abandon fly the nest warmer ocean temperatures have diminished the quantity and quality of fish for the penguins who were swim further and further away to feed their young overfishing and ocean contamination especially plastics are also killing penguins al-jazeera recounts the shocking story of the assassination of count folk abene dot. the first u.n. envoy trying to bring peace to the middle east how is negotiations with himmler helped save thousands of jews from nazi concentration camps and how these mediation skills put him at the vanguard in the quest for peace in the middle east. killing the count at this time on al-jazeera.

the colonial ancestor.erformance of that. break down the structure of what we are living in. i live in a world now where you had people going to war over the land. you have a report about the ku klux klan. and there in all of these different parts of the government. women alternative light talking. utilizing language and identity. checking people online. if a lot of protest. if a lot of people pushing for social and political reform. for my age now. there is this ironically the fight for these things. with the specific people in order to gain access i'm questioning the acceptability. then understand a lot of the things said there. i saw a venn diagram someone where people do want social change in reform they have no context of the history. they don't know if they are helping. they were already pushed out in the race. they have no had no access to the radical thought. to discuss the radical thoughts. and so they don't see. there does perform the performance performing the performance we have here. the relati

the kings were able to defend their independence from the colonial powers for centuries here. the station was opened as far back as eight hundred sixty seven. the blue water lily sri lanka's national flower is sold here it's often used as a sacrificial gift that buddhist temples. one of the most significant in the whole of sri lanka is sri dollar dhamaal igawa the temple of the sacred tooth. the most important buddhist relic in sri lanka is kept here the buddha's upper left coast bid a significant symbol of national pride. people come from all around the world to attend the daily services they donate and they pray. the ninety minute puja starts at half past nine the word means something like worship and is an important ritual in every day buddha's life. according to legend the sacred tooth is said to store the buddhist spiritual strength this belief also turned this religious relic into a political instrument of power for the single use tools. by danny how that sri lanka was ruled by king. with me. in death there were seven royal ruling period was thing going to go and landed

we cross the colony. one of sri lanka's largest rivers and leave colombo behind. the entire trip costs between one euro fifty and third class and eight euros in first class. sri lankans a very proud of the railway. so. i shouldn't say it was you know not that i tell you this morning. at that time you know no one it's quite safe. i've taken the train ever since i was little it feels good you can breathe fresh air and see many things out the window such as mountains rivers and lakes i like that. the train is better than the best you feel for. here. and the bus cost around twice as much there's even a television in first class. those who don't like that can travel in third class for less money and with a little bit of luck experience some live music. venues. the musician the shanta is actually a teacher but it's often the case in sri lanka that young well educated people don't find a suitable job. these help me please. make us our own brute force but as a country where. you. extend beyond i extend. that. i mean. i think that to do. that at the meeting of the full. st

the current problem in somalia is a legacy both of the colonial era and the cold war but the during the early sixty's the late fifty's and certainly the early sixty's for the first decade of independence from one thousand nine hundred sixty nine hundred seventy some odd had the name of being the first democrats by having a number of elections those who are free and fair and changing of government without any violence the next one in africa will take place in almost twenty five years later in zambia one kind of counter was replaced by a. record so somalis know how to practice democracy when they get an opportunity when they get the kind of leadership that can trust the constitution and be accountable to its people so regardless of what has happened over the last twenty five years and i was in with the shop owner about five weeks ago you can see in the eyes of the spirit of the people that these are folks who can go a long way in practicing democracy in practicing peace if they get the kind of support from the canal community and certainly if they can the kind of a sort of respectable hon

he was con veins the colony was under assault. he relished that attack which proved the colony's special status. the epidemic seemed like a badge of honor, further proof that new englanders were the chosen people. american exceptionalism begins here. the civics authorities regularly appeal ted the nears guidance, owned the most extensive collection of printed matter in massachusetts. they had devariedly bears on witchcraft. he wrote more about salem than anyone else. a decade afterward he was still puzzling over the epidemic. he concluded it what's fault of the native americans. one additional that that may have contributeed to any salem obsession, after writing about ben franklin's time in france, i wrote a life of cleopatra nor there is no shred of documentation whatsoever. so here with salem, blessedly, was an archive, it included diaries and sermons and church record books and best of recall near lay thousand transcripts tf depositions, arrest warrants. this is a page, the best of 17th century penmanship from the sermon become

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program.magine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85, you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial penn program were answered. it couldn't have been any easier and we both got the coverage we should have had for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (laughing) (colonial penn jingle) . >>> the fight against breast cancer turning the region pink. double tree by hilton philadelphia ce

of america that's the key phrase or colony in america has a colony it's called puerto rico and they overcharge them for stuff and now that there's a disaster there live them to rot and it's a failure of capitalism it's a failure of politics in washington it's a failure that we saw coming for decades and it's a failure coming to the shores of america you know puerto rico the colony is getting treated the same way as the american and middle american countries have been treated as colonies for that is loaded with debt and then a little american social rustbelt is middle america social marriage. but trump suspended the jones act despite there was a lot of there's been so much lobbying and corporate pressure not to suspend the jones act but this is something they live under now we've also talked about the fact that they have to pay much higher rates of medicaid reimbursement than other u.s. states they are u.s. citizens there but again there's thirty billion dollars in damage on top of how much was harvey in houston was that something like one hundred billion so these are huge costs bein

but the winds of freedom blowing across africa and france was to lose all its colonies. the independence of algeria west particularly painful in part because of its strategic oil reserves after eight years of bloody fighting the french were forced to withdraw. both of you because of course a save your your legendary so widespread who or what i fought for the goal of. your a ghetto is a bit taller faces are you know how to create at the top of your border. but the euphoria of independence was short lived and masked i knew reality france retained troops faces and political influence over its former colonies the policy. was. that there was a cemetery good for their economy. by pistol. bought a shop at a falls and also most of them have all this on a path to more eighty percent of all applause security is it percent good fellowship it are poor ironic or car sales up and up going to be a false it is all down that afaik today for they don't see don't notice it as your own. but france's absolute dominance did not last in the sixties the discovery of huge oil reserves in the gul

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program. imagine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85, you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial penn program were answered. it couldn't have been any easier and we both got the coverage we should have had for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (laughing) (colonial penn jingle) >> finally tonight you don't have to be a "star wars" fan even though i am to cot a hall owe weep

he says there are things that can be done to help this penguin colony recover but we can ensure that there are no krill fisheries. that overlap with the areas that the penguins go to to feed and indeed on monday next week there's a major international meeting happening in hobart in australia it's called camelot that's the commission for the conservation of antarctic marine living resources and camera considering a proposal that's been put down by a stray leo and the european union for a new marine protected area which would protect some of the amazing wildlife in this area including a deli and emperor penguins the good news is that those same birds will return to the same colony next year and try all over again so whilst it was a catastrophic breeding attempt this year they will try again it only penguins are very hardy little birds. bringing this out still all the way to sport with any hint from the veteran manager a thing to revive by new nick season. me a. welcome back and he's in now at the sport. thank you so much marian more international cricket is set for a huge overhaul a ne

it illustrates how indians throughout north america continued well beyond the colonialism to make work as much as possible in their favor and with that in mind i want to revisit california today because and help tole] -- build the economy, attract settlers, and transform the territory into an economically viable state during the gold rush. this transformation hinged on catholicof -- missionaries were the vanguard of colonial settlements in california. -- northern frontier in california in which indians would be converted into spanish subjects loyal to the crown and willing to defend. this meant economic conversion as well as virtual conversion. on one hand doing the lords work trades,rming, skilled so on. on the other hand it required money which was scarce and california. sometimes money could be made in other ways. for example, the backbone of california economy before the gold rush. the most important segment of the workforce in the mission era. richard henry dana was an american sailor aboard the program. he observed mission santa clara and mission san jose did, in his words, a gre

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program. imagine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. add to that credit card balances and final medical bills, and you've got plenty of reasons to call for free information about this valuable coverage. it's easy and affordable to help cover your final expenses through the colonial penn program. as long as you're 50 to 85 you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time, money you can borrow against. so don't wait, call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the coloni

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program. imagine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85, you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial penn program were answered. it couldn't have been any easier and we both got the coverage we should have had for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (laughing) (colonial penn jingle) 60% of women are wearing the wrong size pad and can experience leaks discover always my fit. find

written extensively about gauguin he says criticizing french culture and the colonial past is simply to hear the history of colonization is still very touchy issue in france much more than in the u.k. or the us for many people in the head you go guys nothing but a. drunkard who basically looted. pretty nation and the haitian culture and art to make a living how gauguin chose to live it is unlikely to matter to the millions of people who enjoys art but others may find it enriching to have a clearer picture of the man behind the paintings natasha butler al-jazeera paris well it's time for sports his chair and i think you might say the invitation list to russia twenty eighteen is filling up quite nicely it's filling up absolutely to hell yeah we now know twenty three of the teams that will compete at next year's people world cup in russia after a dramatic night of qualifying across the globe argentina dodged a bullet to make it through but the biggest surprise for the united states crash out after being beaten by trinidad and tobago the u.s. were already sitting in the automatic qualifi

power yup which is not the case in colonial power because spain is a democratic state we could have made this argument in the balkans for example of war talk about croatia because of obama's now to govern all these there was your was love yes a dictator colonial power if you want is called all the x. soviet union states this is not the case with spain because it's a democratic state that should be solve the problem undemocratic meets you know what the referendum is and there's nothing more democratic than a referendum in may and then forty two percent participated and that is very very pertinent and you need a certain horse fair to say people didn't participate when you put bullets on and police force in front of the voting polling station so. i think if you ask the cotton and they don't really feel that there's a fair play within spain and that's what it's all about so the legitimacy is rooting and that sends is dying to get in if. it looks like eighty percent of the catalans would like to have a legal referendum yeah that's totally ok and i also think that this should be somehow a

but the winds of freedom were blowing across africa and france was to lose all its colonies. the independence of algeria west particularly painful in part because of its strategic oil reserves after eight years of bloody fighting the french were forced to withdraw. both of you because of course the sieve of your your leisure very civil rights very well forcefully go afraid. you are a judge who is a bit taller faces are your party created the border. but the euphoria of independence was short lived and masks i knew reality france retained troops bases and political influence over its former colonies the policy. was. that there was a cemetery good for you they are good to me. if i piss your. carpet or to shut up fast and also most of them have all this on a path to marty to piss off so applause security is it percent good fellowship that are poor ironic or car songs up and up that if you don't ops get a fast it is all down that afaik today for they don't see don't notice it as your own. but france's absolute dominance did not last in the sixties the discovery of huge oil reserv

in world war ii he was one of the youngest colonials with the paratroopers and would become known as the father of air mobile and in 1962 he was learning how to fly. >> in world war ii you were one of the youngest battalion commanders at age 28 and at 48, 49 you are going to become one of the oldest pilots in the army. >> i thought it would be important for me to talk to the pilots in their own language. >> he got that chance in 1963 and given chance of the air assault division to test the air mobile concept. >> we did a lot of leaps across rivers and things using helicopters. >> john heron was an infantry commander. >> it was very intense. we trained hard. >> and flew low. >> at 30 bruce was already a seasoned chopper pilot when he took the man in the helicopter. >> we probably knocked more power lines down than any other source. >> in late '64 the assault division faced off against the highly respected airborne division from the largest military maneuverers in the united states since world war ii. called air assault two, it involved 35,000 men spread over 6,000 square miles of the

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program.gine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. add to that credit card balances and final medical bills, and you've got plenty of reasons to call for free information about this valuable coverage. it's easy and affordable to help cover your final expenses through the colonial penn program. as long as you're 50 to 85 you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time, money you can borrow against. so don't wait, call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial p

in the colonial era, there is a great deal of domestic violence. if you look at the court records, people are being battered and beaten. you will see a case of a wife abusing a husband, and you will see another case of mutual combat. but what is interesting is that it almost always stops before killing. when you see these tight partnerships, the shops and farms that we had, it is so much dependent on that partnership. if you were upset or angry with your spouse, you beat them to try to come around to what you want, or to express your anger, but you stop short of killing them. most of the fatal injuries that we see our manslaughters. -- are manslaughters. in other words, i meant to beat you, but i did not mean to kill you. when they suddenly realize you are not getting awake, they go for medical help. you are supposed to plow the field tomorrow, you are supposed to make breakfast tomorrow. i did not mean to kill you, i meant to brutalize you. and so you see this. what happens in the 1930's and -- in the 1830's and 1840's, is what i think happens in

that is what interested colony capital.a lot of people think he is the one had a good eye picking projection. >> that's true. melissa: if he is out of it, that is lot of value. quentin tarantino saying he knew enough, should have done more. that is brave admission, rather than saying i didn't know, anything else i say is hollow, i should have done something. >> i couldn't guarranty more. quentin tarantino is one few people are being honest. melissa: yeah. >> what harvey weinstein did is despicable and horrible beyond words but hollywood knew about this. melissa: right. >> this was on television. look what seth mcfarland did, announcing oscar nominees for best actress in 2013, and he said it. tina fey said it on "30 rock." melissa: right. >> courtney love said it in 2005 on television. melissa: everybody knew. >> it was all over the city. but everybody is kind of acting like, oh, my god i can't believe it. either they knew specifics because some people were talking, or they knew generally what was going on. you know, just th

what we've witnessed is a really catastrophic breeding failure at one large adelie penguin colony on patrol island in east antarctica so colony that we know very well we've been supporting research with the french antarctic program at this colony for the last seven years and so we know what that about eight hundred thousand pairs of adelie penguins attempted to breed at the colony and just two chicks survived the reason why this happened was that there was very extensive local sea ice this year at a really critical part of the breeding season it was just at the end of the season when the adult but birds go out to feed on krill and to bring krill which is a shrimp like crustacean back for the chicks to eat so the adults had to travel much further they were expending more energy and eventually they simply had to abandon the chicks. top stories this hour president donald trump is due to shore and they'll a new tough a strategy against iran but he's not expected to pull out of the nuclear deal when he will do is ask congress to find a way to punish iran for its ballistic missile program