because of the destruction, the royal colony had to punish the colony. a series of acts called the intolerable act. you brought in the royal governor now a british officer. you have the closing of the port of boston. you also have the massachusetts government basically shut down. what that meant was any town in the colony, they were not allowed to meet. this was an affront to how people had been governing themselves for almost 150 -- at least 100 years. you have a series of response that take place, amongst those responses is the reactivation of the militia system. this was a community effort. men were required to come and shoot. and minute companies were formed, usually younger men better equipped who would be required to turn out at a moment's notice, hence the term, "minutemen" and you have companies forming up and preparing for something. general thomas gage, the british officer in charge was aware of the growing tension is in the colony. he was also aware of armaments starting to be collected around the colony as well. some armaments were stolen and

they had one governor pointed for the colonies. one assembly for the whole colonies. nothing comes of it. but just the fact that it could of, and that some of the colonial leaders would come and talk about it and think it's good idea, is something brand-new. long term ot these developments, growing population, growing political competence, growing economy, that while they don't make people want to be independent, independence if should unfortunately come, we probably can handle it. sense n you've got this that, hey, wait a minute. the backward r empire look n this agent the great metropolis across the seas. even just the equal but perhaps superior in some poor folks because here we're more religious, more here freedom is safer because we have a huge group of who need ss farmers nothing from anyone. now, with that as background, take a look at 1763. here you are in america, you've ust won this big war against and the indians, and you think that you won it. it kind of slips your mind that the british government sent 25,000 regular troops across the capture montreal and

-- colonies. this makes the revolution much harder to figure out, because the colonists are probably never happier and more glad to be british than at any time before or after 1776. they just won this great war. the french are gone. the indians temporarily are quelled. these people are celebrating. they are glad to be part of the most powerful and freest country in the western world. so what we have to explain, then, is not how a society gradually gets more and more interested in breaking away from the apron strings and being independent, but we have to figure out is, how did these proud and happy englishmen in 1763, how did so many of them turn out to be traitors and rebels 10 or 12 years later, against a government they would have said a few years before was the best and freest in the world? now, there are some long-term trends in colonial history that, if you think about it, make independence more possible as the years go by. it doesn't mean people want to be independent. but population, for in

the prosperity of the colonies grows. by the time of the revolution, a 1/3 of all the ships built in the british empire are built on the shores, about 1/5 of all the iron is produced in the american colonies. while you might have a city like london or a really fancy duke's mansion and estate inening lan, if you average people out, the white population of the colony is the most prosperous part of the whole empire. growing capitol hill competence and improving the economy, all these things mean if you had for some unforeseen reason to go off on your own, you really might be able to do it. but again it doesn't mean you want to be independent. these people are intensely proud of being british. and they're even trying -- people at the upper levels are trying to imitate how the british population of their class lives. so again, it becomes tough to figure why do many of these people a dozen years later take up arms against their own government. now, there are probably three fairly new developments in the colonies, that against d

these laws stayed on the books of the earliest colonies and were created in new colonies as they were founded. the second amendment ratified in 1791 enshrined these obligations as constitutional law. the continuing significance of that freedom to bear arms, specified in the bill of rights reveals the cultural roots of the united states that appeared even in the present as a sacred right. several of the colonies that declared independence in 1776, massachusetts new hampshire, new jersey, pennsylvania, vermont and virginia had already adopted individual and write measures into their state constitutions. they declared themselves independent estates at first. then they they created a federal system. they had already had this right to bear arms in the constitution. so, there was not even any discussion or argument about this being one of the amendments in the constitution. settler militias and armed households were institutionalized for the destruction and control of peoples, communities and nations. with plantation and plantation of agriculture, by the late 1600s, they were also used as s

for the most part, rhode island being an english colony, was trading in other english colonies and settlements. in the case of west africa, the gold and ginny coast of toady what we recognize as nigeria to ghana. from there, africans would be taken to the west indies to english settlements in what we recognize today as the bahamas, jamaica, and barbados. from there, africans along with other products and goods would be transported back to newport in rhode island, what we call the triangle trade as part of the transatlantic trade. in the case of newport, this trade was almost singularly tied to rum and molasses. in fact, between the beginning of the 18th century after the american revolution, newport was involved in 80% of what is called the guinea rum trade. newport ships would take rum that was distilled and produced in newport, and trade it for enslaved africans. those africans would be transported to english colonies in the west indies, mostly jamaica and barbados. there they would become the labor force that would work the sugar plantations that would produce sugar and molasses. newport sh

the colonial general assemblies took the place in the 13 sovereign colonies and they sought the lower houses of the assembly. the house of burgesses, and virginia's case, as taking the place of the house of commons. government,nt spending bills, revenue bills have to start and the lower house. in washington or was that, in virginia it was a house of burgesses. just a note on the map, this follows the proclamation line of 1763. basically an obituary line. we will see how it got -- basically and arbitrary line. we will see how it got started. who has heard of lord dunmore before? not to be confused. how many have seen the portrait of him? what is it? what is he wearing besides i kilt? how many times have you seen a captain in the scottish regiment of foot guards or something like that? it is not that. this is his political campaign poster, for lack of a better word. it was done after he was out of the army and reflects his status as a representative of scotland and the house of lords. so he is a member of the house of lords in this. people say, no he is in the army. british officers do

newport was built in 1763, which makes it the oldest synagogue of the only one surviving through colonial times. join us on american history television as we learn more about this historic building. >> this synagogue is the oldest existing synagogue building in the united states of america. and it has a wonderful story. first of all, it is most important for you to understand that above all, the touro synagogue is a place of worship. we have this happening all year round, a full-time rabbi, a congregation. there are about 120 members, and it is orthodox in its service. that is what we are doing today. the story starts in 1492 in spain. king ferdinand and queen isabella issued the alhambra decree. what they wanted at that particular time was to have a purely catholic country. they gave jewish people two choices. the first one was to convert to catholicism, the second was to leave. those who converted were called conversos. some, however, chose to remain jews in secret. they had all of their ritual objects. if they were to be found out, they would have been tortured and put to death. to giv

he had come to the colonies from england seeking religious freedom. ofyears after the founding rhode island, those people in barbados said this is where they wanted to come. not only did the jews come here, quakers were also here. been persecuted or they would be because of their religious beliefs. 1677 the jews needed a place to vary their loved ones, so they bought a plot of land it up the street. if you see that small little cemetery, you will see that it has the names on the gravestones touro. these are all portuguese and sephardic names. the cemetery was important thesee it documented jewish people. 1758, things were changing dramatically for newport. it had been transformed from a sleepy little town to one of the in colonials america, right up there with new york and charleston. our waterfront was filled with hundreds of sailing ships that traded all over the world. there was wealth coming in to newport. merchants also got some of the wealth because of what was happening. they had some decisions to make regarding the jewish community. the jewish

for the most part, rhode island being an english colony was trading with other english colonies and settlements in africa. today, it was nigerian to ghana to ginny. africans would be taken to the west indies, to english settlements, what we recognize as the bahamas, jamaica, and barbados. from there, africans would be transported back to newport. what we call the triangle of trade. in the case of newport, this trade was tied to roman molasses. of the the beginning 18th century to the end of the 18th century, after the end of the american revolution, newport was involved in about 80% of the ginny rum trade. take rumrips would from newport and trade for enslaved africans from the coast to most would be trade -- sent to english colonies. become the would labor force in the sugar plantations. newport ships would take the raw materials and transported back to newport. it would be distilled into more rum and used for consumption and currency. european transatlantic slave trade when on for nearly four centuries in the case of colonial british north america, the system is different from what many might

(laughing) (colonial penn jingle) kelp is on the way! with herbal essences we said no, no, no to this stuff... and yes, yes, yes to bio:renew. made with active antioxidants that work from the inside out... to help animate lifeless hair, and bring it back to life. find aahs and oos in every fresh bottle of herbal essences bio:renew. let life in. ltry align probiotic.n your digestive system? for a non-stop, sweet treat goodness, hold on to your tiara kind of day. get 24/7 digestive support, with align. the #1 doctor recommended probiotic brand. also in kids chewables. thnchs weeke >>> the weekend is upon us. >> first up "12 strong". it's the story of the first special forces to land in afghanistan in the days after 9/11. hemsworth, my boyfriend, is head of the team that travelled on horseback. >> okay. so kick means go. this is the steering wheel. he's not waiting for us. saddle up. >> does he have a name? i know but does he have a name? >> ease are e he's going to tes. >> u.s.a. today says chris helmsworth career is spotty atbust. it seem

until i saw a commercial for the colonial penn program.magine people our age getting life insurance at such an affordable rate. it's true. if you're 50 to 85, you can get guaranteed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day, just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health questions. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85, you cannot be turned down because of your health. your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did was make a phone call and all of my questions about the colonial penn program were answered. it couldn't have been any easier and we both got the coverage we should have had for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (laughing) (colonial penn jingle) ♪ he took me back to east atlanta my heart is in havana ♪ >> what is kids 37? >> kids top songs. >>

post-colonial experience almost everywhere else. >> man: i think that the pre-colonial and the coloniale, because in saint-louis we had lots of influences, i think. >> anthony: arab, portugese, uh -- >> man: so, because, yes, the portuguese and the english first they were here and after that, the morocco, from the morocco. >> marie-caroline: my feeling was this -- that because we are at the crossing of various roads, eh, independently from the colonization prior, makes the senegalese people very open-minded, very good negotiators, also. ♪ >> anthony: marie-caroline camara is a st. louis metis --senegalese father, french mother-- and she's hosted a lunch with some friends and colleagues, all of whom consider themselves senegalese first, before anything. >> marie-caroline: and, and my feeling compared to other african countries, is that maybe it's come also from, uh, the, the wolof women because the metis family here, people were really married. well, at least the descendants -- >> anthony: between wolof and other groups. >> marie-caroline: -- recognize, you know? compared to west indies

until i al for the colonial penn program.eed acceptance life insurance through the colonial penn program for less than 35 cents a day just $9.95 a month. there's no medical exam and no health quons. you know, the average cost of a funeral is over $8,300. now that's a big burden to leave your loved ones. as long as you're 50 to 85 you cannot be turned down because of your health.your premium never goes up and your benefit never goes down due to age. plus, your coverage builds cash value over time. call now for free information and a free gift. all i did wake a phone call and out the colonial p were answere it couldn't have been any easier anhad for years now. mm-hm, with change to spare. (colonial >>> a live look at new york's time square where all that snow will be turning to ice from now through sunday. a record-breaking deep freeze is set to take hold today, lasting through sunday, not just in new york but all along the northeast. >> we . facebook's mark zuckerberg vowed to spend 2018 protecting his users. from abuse, hate

(laughing) (colonial penn jingle) kelp is on the way!rbal essences we said no, no, no to this stuff... and yes, yes, yes to bio:renew. made with active antioxidants that work from the inside out... to help animate lifeless hair, and bring it back to life. find aahs and oos in every fresh bottle of herbal essences bio:renew. let life in. i had a doctor's appointment. when you said you were at the doctor, but your shirt says you were at a steakhouse... that's when you know it's half-washed. now from downy fabric conditioner comes downy odor protect with 24-hour odor protection. downy's powerful formula conditions fibers to lock out odors all day. hey, your shirt's making me hungry. ha ha, derek. downy and it's done. ♪ skinny so skinny >>> it is skinny bonus time and you waited for it. here it is. they've been staring at each other for the last few minutes and then -- steve austin is back. >> their faces get really close. >> and mcmahon goes down in the stunner. >> i didn't see it coming. >> it was quite a surprise. the beer, the stare-off.

(laughing) (colonial penn jingle) kelp is on the way! with herbal essences we said no, no, no to this stuff... and yes, yes, yes to bio:renew. made with active antioxidants that work from the inside out... to help animate lifeless hair, and bring it back to life. find aahs and oos in every fresh bottle of herbal essences bio:renew. let life in. your privacy makes you myt number 1 place to go number 2. i love you, but sometimes you stink. febreze air effects doesn't just mask, it cleans away odors. because the things you love the most can stink. and try febreze small spaces to clean away odors for up to 30 days. breathe happy with febreze. ♪ ♪ blinded me with science ♪ she blinded me >> so it is our premiere weird science segment here. >> kendis wanted this outfit. no, dr. margaret in the house. science. >> this is what we wear for this segment. >> apparently. new girl getting stuck dressed up in costume. whatever, kendis. i'm here for two more days after this. >> alcohol substance. >> we were warned not to put these too close to our face

ing) (colonial penn jingle) >>> a live look there. in a few weeks that stretch of hollywood boulevard you're seeing will be transformed into oscar red carpet. >> we're already getting excited. the nominees for the 90th academy awards. and we're seeing a lot of fresh faces and women bringing more diversities at the big show. >> you will nominate boo. >> reporter: the shape of water, is leading with 13 nominations, including a best picture nod alongside "lady byrd" and "get out." "get out" director's jordan peele tweeting this after the announcement. the film star nominated for lead actor with another fresh face, timothy, in "call me by your name". incredible performances by women this year shaping up for another top lead category. francis mcdorman, sally hawkins and meryl streep. for supporting actress. >> mary j. blige. >> reporter: the nine-time grammy winner joined by laurie metcalf and allison janny. supporting actor could be a sure shot for sam rockwell. who has already won the sag and golden globe award in this c category. he's u

there was a different explanation that people maybe not so keen to promote the authority the colonial governments but they had a different perception of the jury trial as the way it was perceived earlier they thought it was less important. so you can see in the states and when congress had to consider the overseas colonies whatever they put together or if they check things out tells you what people were thinking at the time. >> the election of 1912 so how much does that apply abroad? with the bill of rights that doesn't talk about strong enforcement and says he doesn't even refer to the bill of rights over his two terms of office. and then to discuss virginia declaration. and by 1941 during world war ii the knowledgeable reality of the gestapo and concentration camps have changed the way roosevelt will talk about the bill of rights. . . . .

(laughing) (colonial penn jingle) adrianna: another reason to look forward to friday. steve: i know. temperatures near 60 degrees, but we have to get through today, tuesday, and friday. touches in the middle 40's. clouds increase on thursday. better chance for showers. 50's, with wake-up temperatures friday morning in the upper-40's. imagine what that will feel like. highs friday afternoon around 60. a few showers left over saturday. cooler air will start to funnel in later in the day. becauset colder air sunday and monday highs just around freezing. more below-average readings, but for a shorter period of time. adrianna: >> announcer: hope you're hungry! because we're satisfying your cravings all hour long and showing you how to eat well for less. "lettuce" rejoice as clinton teams up with actor hugh bonneville to make a spicy sensation. then, "chewsday tuesday" is back, and michael's letting our audience call the shots. plus, i'm baking an apple pie inside an apple. what the what? get ready for deliciousness, right now on "the chew." [ cheers and applause ] ♪

this was an english colony. when the declaration of independence was read, the english called in their navy, the navy blockaded the harbor, thereby shutting down all of the trade. people started fleeing to newport. without trade, they couldn't make a living. this building was closed as a synagogue and used as a hospital for british soldiers. one of the few jews who stayed oro.nd was isaac tu he made sure that the building was intact and no harm was done during that time. this building cannot of the war unscathed. after the revolutionary war, people didn't come back to newport island. they had already established homes and businesses somewhere else. for the jewish people it was a difficult time. one jewish's, not person lived in rhode island anymore. the building was shut. to a quakere given family who took care of it for 60 years. in the late 1880's, eastern european jews started coming to america to escape the pagrams that they were experiencing their. they saw the building and said, worship.o use it for they s

churchill, who is definitely a fan of colonialism and colonies, got very grumpy during the meal. in particular, his french was not great but he knew enough to know what that conversation was about. the general could only hear snippets and he, too, was angry. unfortunately the sultan took , from this dinner that the americans were interested in perhaps supporting independence. the americans were not in a position to do that and in fact they would later downplay any indications that they were. because disrupting the french rule in morocco at that moment and in successive years was not in the interest of the allies or the french. it was definitely status quo. nevertheless, the moroccan nationalist movement inspired by what they had seen with the americans would officially relaunch during the war. it had been stomped out in the 1930's. it would coalesce again january 1944. the resistance movement would publish a manifesto announcing it was once again for independence and a little more than 10 years later morocco would gain his independence from the french. you might actually know cas

(laughing) (colonial penn jingle) ♪...from far away.er find a way to smooth things over.♪ ♪if only harry used some... ♪...bounce, to dry. ♪yeah! ♪he would be a less wrinkly, and winning at life.♪ ♪ >>> all right, wrapping up the from the devastating mudslides to the historic meeting between north and south korea. >> it's been a busy week here, here's your friday rewind. >>> after the wildfires, staggering amounts of rain triggers deadly mudslides in california. >> firefighters are telling us that that foundation right there had a house on it. that house is now over there, smashed up against those trees. >> the only words i can really think of to describe what it looked like, it looked like a world ld. >> breaking overnight, the first high stakes meeting between north and south korea. >> the south koreans have promised the u.s. they will not soften their stance on nuclear weapons or sanctions. >> president trump's unprecedented meeting on live tv, trying to negotiate an immigration deal. >> is there any agreement without the wall? >> no.