it's from the colonial period on. this is a consistent pattern in colonial indian warfare and then united states in wiping out villages during the revolutionary war, actually. but once it subjugated native people, what does it do? it relegates them to the worst tracts of land in the continent where they can barely make a living. and it takes their kids from them, takes their kids from them, and forces them into boarding schools to try to de tribe allies. that's my point about culture. the united states has signed on to a u.n definition of genocide. take a look at it. but i think the definition fits. it includes, by the way, taking people's kids from them. so, you know, this is this is a word. that understandably gets people's backs up. this makes people defensive. and let me say this. when you study native america like i do, you see the united states through a new set of eyes, is a valuable prospect to have. and i think everyone in this country would benefit by taking a deep breath and looking this difficult history s

where upon the colony begins to thrive. that fall, the two parties seal their friendship with the famous first thanksgiving. the piece that follows permits colonial new england and, by extension, modern america, to become blessed seeds of freedom, democracy, christiane eddy and plenty. as for what happens to the indians next, the story has nothing to say you. they'd inside i.c.e. is to present america as a gift to white people. or in other words, to concede to colonialism. like pocahontas, and sacagawea, the other famous indians of early american history. they helped the colonizers and then move offstage. the wampanoag, of what is now south eastern massachusetts, where the indians in this drama, have long contended that this tail is not history. but a myth that sugar coats the viciousness of colonialism for indigenous people. my book reckons with this uncomfortable assertion and its implications. thus, you will have plenty of material after this talk today to ruin your family thanksgiving. i realize many of you are perfectl

this is from isabel in colonial america. we saw instances of ableism that served as the foundation of society's current understanding and association of those with disabilities. at the same time. we also saw exception stabilism and ways that able-bodied people and those with disabilities easily lived and harmony through a modicum of accommodation without fear of isolation and discrimination. and from grace disability in the colonial period was determined on one's ability to work. physical differences alone didn't make someone disabled as the often dangerous colonial lifestyle meant that work accidents or illness left. most people impaired at some point in their lives. so long as someone was able to provide for themselves, they weren't disabled. okay. so today we are going to move on to talk about disability in the early united states. as you well know on july 4th, 1776 13 american colonies ratify the declaration of independence officially severing their political ties to great britain by that point military battles were alre

englishman, destroy 16 colonial towns, and slaughter 800 head of cattle. eventually, however, the resistance collapsed. largely, not entirely, but largely, because, other native people through in their lot with the english. here, i want you to focus on this part of the map around the modern-day border of massachusetts and new york. in february of 1676, the mohawks , the easternmost nation of the five nations iroquois people, as a gesture of alliance to the colony of new york drove metacom's winter cap away from dutch and french gun runners away from the hudson river and eastward into the teeth of colonial new england forces. so, they drive the winter camp this direction here. also lying in wait among the english where the mohicans and the pequot's of water now connecticut -- what are now connecticut and christian wampanoags from cape cod who under duress had sided with the colonies from the beginning and were just as adept in warfare as the resistance fighters. meanwhile, the warring indians and their families were stocked by hunger and disease as they liv

the were spanish colonies in south america and africa. portugal occupied colonies several times, its own size and population. the usa also kept up with the europeans. and so, by the early 20th century, most of the world was divided between a few colonial nations. p. what was going on in the colonies as well known and documented in millions of ruined lives. slavery, ruthless and remorseless exploitation. from the phone of british diplomats, professor of political ideas. and also william melanson has study in europe's colonial system. and the reason for its rise and fall only one main thing is important for knox, ism internationally speaking. that is that nations or that states that are allowed to do anything are the master races. and then you have the minor nations who are the slave for the europeans, the slave for indians africans, for hitler, they were jews, gypsies, and sobs, naziism is truly convenient. it's a cynical justification for wiping out some cold inferior races. and shamelessly rubbing them at the same time with long before the 3rd rice appeared. naziism had been common

these were also enforced in colonial and early national law. again, it's important to think intersectional. so, this law doesn't mention it, but who else was excluded from marriage in the colonies? miners, men and women under the age of consent, also in slaved people were prohibited from marriage. so, we are seeing the way that disability, the category of disability, can intersect with categories of free slave status, as well as age, and race. here of is a voting exclusion from virginia in 1830. the amended constitution of virginia excluded people of unsound mind from voting. again, virginia is not unique. nearly all colonies and states excluded people deemed to be intellectually incompetent from suffrage. important, again, to think intersectional, right? who else is excluded from voting in this constitution? people of unsound mind are listed along with paupers, so poor people who are receiving state aid as well as soldiers and people convicted of crimes. and on stated exclusion here, the constitution does not mention it, but women also are exc

the colony has 229 settlers. by 1610, only 60 were still alive. one man had killed and eaten his wife. he was burned at the stake. the glass factory, the abundance and and would but profitably exported to england, two develop and save the company, saved the colony. one was discovery of the cash crop, tobacco. after the indians told the colonists the exacting part of growing and curing it, tobacco became very profitable indeed. the second was the abandonment of the company's policy of holding title to the land and expect in columnists to work and share profits. the company began to use early america's greatest resource, infinity of land, to entice settlers. 50 acres of land along with each relative, to the colony. that much good agricultural land and land for england would have given the family gentry status. it was a powerful and thoroughly capitalist incentive. those who come as indentured servants were given land once they served their indentures. food production rose sharply and tobacco production soared from 20,000 pounds in 1618 to 1.5 millio

indeed, privateering spurred a spectacular frenzy across the colonies. it was sort of like a mini stock market where people took out shares in privateers and their expected success. among the more illustrious speculators was general george washington, who invested in at least one privateer. appropriately enough called the general washington generals nathaniel green, henry knox, as well as paul revere, also invested in privateers. now, privateer captains were typically known by the ship owners, and they were contacted directly to take over the privateers. elias senor, shown here character. he was issued the last letter of marque in the entire american revolution in march. of 1783. by the other story i want to tell about elias is i was writing this book. it was during covid and my daughter, who is now a junior literary agent in new york city, was home. she was about 22 at the time. and was home. and when i came across this picture, i showed it slowly because i thought he was really handsome. she took a look at it and said, you know, dad, i really could get

come to the countries that are still basically in the colonial status. and this doesn't go only for africa. the examples in africa are really vivid, but also we can see that this is a large and standard situation with you. most of the countries that do not enter the small circle of ex colonial powers who are now i will take. busy legal powers in disguise. when we see now in africa, for instance, where in many countries, the locals are openly protesting against the french, sometimes more violently. and some plus times, interestingly enough, with russia flags. which means that they recognize russia as of power. that is fighting a good anti colonial struggle or for them to even look at the big topic on everyone's mind. right now. we've seen are the end of the unit polar well, to transition to the mo, the polar world president pearson also spoke of that once again today you spoke of how western countries losing their influence on the global arena. so the house falls, do you think the world can shift to a multi polar system? and of course, what would russia's

i this with 2 large extent, the level of prosperity achieved in colonial countries is based on stealing from africa for such as in europe. do not hide this amazing calls out western countries for exploiting that former colonies and his latest take on global developments. as russia celebrates its annual unity day with the international energy agency, warns europe have huge challenges in refilling basic gas bolts due to the new sanctions against russian fuel and courts. but i think we will never be a cash cow for america. runs president, shoots down jo biden's pledge to bring washington's version of democracy to the islamic country and made mass protests that ah, it's just sunday 8 pm here in moscow, and this is all the international with the latest world news update is great to happy with us robbery, slave trade on the suffering of african people. that's what helped shapes the prosperity of western countries. that's according to vladimir putin, latest statements on how the world is changing as developing nations pushed back against their former colonial masters. was that she still is ste

unlike france and spain, england didn't care who went to its colonies and indeed use the colonies orthe dumping ground for convicted felons. it was britain's inability to continue transporting felons to the american revolution that led directly to the settlement of australia in 1788. perhaps they should celebrate july 4th two. [inaudible] that meant that the population of early american's was largely about the people who marched to the beat of their own drummer. [inaudible] they chose to take an enormous chance. they said goodbye to all that they had known and became what one puritan called a howling wilderness in the hopes of making more prosperous lives for themselves and their prosperity. as to how big of a chance they were taking consider this in early virginia the death rates for immigrants in their first year was about 25% after that they were said to be seasoned and their life expectancy increased considerably. these risk taking immigrants have been compelling ever since the propensity for taking risks was bred into the beginning of the country. the twin engines of capitalism

ah, algeria is independence was not the end of france's african colonial projects. the goal was convinced that frances future lay in close cooperation with its former african colonies and in preserving what remained of theme as well as frank strategic interests. these territories abounded enroll materials. their independence must not threaten frances and achieve resources. the president appeared on television didn't fit good at declaring news, su all and no thought did i, who re please will be re i've called marcy buck soon. yale. they bought a new, if you saw to roll during those in theory, the mod the thread in a to a go goop. mesa. deb asia go cool. paul. la lee don't know your new. she's learn all but ben, sheila bar go biase all if you can use up a phone gold gold, gold log back de france did not intend these to be reciprocal arrangements with equal partners to go wanted french speaking africa to become francis private to preserve this was also the time of the cold war and to prevent the spread of communism, nato instructed france to become quote, africa's poli

not only colonial. oh la la shore, it did actually drink up. um w lan sheltered t, the trill upon the acyclovir, i fell on odd. i shall know shaka issued through all, she shall up, well, actually with the french authorities retaliated, and in january 1957, the announce marshall law and ordered paratroopers a suite, the arab old tom, the casper, the battle of algiers had begun. a felon leaders fell one after the other, as the paratroopers arrested, and then tortured them. ah, his uncle, my vehicle for you already with them. they said from any depot zeal, well busy, but to yield of the dubois fiscal would issue out woman your net, he don't to go to machine i game bosky, lsu is in, he held olivera and finally did miss shoshone simone is should know. you don't tundra social news, she ran through t, do p is, was your subtlety. but when he pulled it up on his, his claim most assaulted about 2 sharper. she ye cause it all yelled, is it from me. she's also hung up, even if i missed it till tom did his table in the timer. is it a boy sim working for the

this has sparked to more recent discussion about gym and colonialism. the crimes committed in the colonial era all still badly addressed in history lessons. why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in former german south west africa all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question from the polarizing one. and for me to name that is one really important lesson from the showa. it's that you must never so people fates, into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making. decades of research and discourse have policy and put it in mainstream society, keeping the memory if the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. not just in germany. mm hm. ah. in israel, remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last holocaust survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are moving ways to remember the past without them tel aviv israel 2022 on an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together. hannah, monica and sharon went us. they were invol

ah, algeria, his independence was not the endo frances african colonial projects. the goal was convinced that francis future lay in close cooperation with its former african colonies and in preserving what remained of the empire as well as french strategic interests. these territories abounded enroll materials. their independence must not threaten frances energy resources. the president appeared on television. said dad, fit good at the call in the us, y'all. and i did a duty phase who the real b. c. yeah, the father knew it. he's not as well. do you know, any, i say the model that the head, you know, to go grew may said dad is a go, grew a lead. don't you know? she said, i know a little better than senior going to be and i feel if you can use up a form gold, gold, gold log back d, france did not intend these to be reciprocal arrangements with equal partners to go wanted french speaking africa to become francis private to preserve this was also the time of the cold war and to prevent the spread of communism, nato instructed franz to become quote, africa's policeman.

ah, algeria, his independence was not the endo frances african colonial projects. the goal was convinced that francis future lay in close cooperation with its former african colonies. and in preserving what remained of theme. as well as friends strategic interests. these territories abounded enroll materials. their independence must not threaten frances and achieve resources. the president appeared on television to dot fit good at declaring news as you all. and not i did i, who really pleased with the rupee of core, marcia bassoon. yale, they bought a new, if you thought role during those, and i am all the to head in or go, goose may say dead, asia call. cool. ha ha, lea don't go your new. she's lenovo, bella, ban sheila bar, go up your hoshal. if you can use up a form gold, gold, gold, log back de france did not intend these to be reciprocal arrangements with equal partners to go wanted frank speaking africa to become francis private to preserve this was also the time of the cold war and to prevent the spread of communism, nato instructed franz to become, quote, a

this has sparked to more recent discussion about german colonialism. the crimes committed in the colonial era all still badly addressed in history lessons. why is so little attention paid to the victims of genocide such as in former german south west africa? all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question from the polarizing one. and it's for me to name that one really important lesson from the showa. it's that you must never so people fates, into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making decades of research and discourse. have lizzie entered it in mainstream society, keeping the memory of the holocaust alive remain. is a challenge. not just in germany. good. ah. in israel remembrance is also being reconsidered. now that the last holocaust survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are mulling ways to remember the past without them tel aviv israel 2022 on an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together, panama co and sharon went us. they were involv

the were spanish colonies in south america and africa. portugal occupied colonies several times. its own size and population. the usa also kept up with the europeans. and so by the early 20th century, most of the world was divided between a few colonial nations. what was going on in the colonies as well known and documented millions of ruined lives. from slavery ruthless and remorseless exploitation with the phone of british diplomats professor of political ideas and also william melanson has studied europe's colonial system and the re.

all the crimes of colonialism, overshadowed by holocaust remembrance. it's a sensitive question from the polarizing one. and for me to make that one really important lesson from the showa, it's that you must never so people's fates into hierarchies. germany's culture of remembrance was years in the making. decades of research and schools have solidly entered it in mainstream society, keeping the memory of the holocaust alive remain is a challenge. not just in germany. mm. ah, in israel remembrance is also being reconsidered now that the last holocaust survivors are dying, their grandchildren and great grandchildren are moving. we used to remember the past without them televi israel 2022 or an autumn afternoon. 2 generations are coming together. hannah, monica and sharon went us, they're involved in the initiative to koran, bas alone remembrance in the living room. which brings holocaust survivors together with young israelis in a private setting that they, they are is that we are doing it together. we're thing together. we're listening. we 1st we listen

and in turn, some pirates who had gotten wealthy retired to the colonies to enjoy their riches. in 1684, for example, jamaican governor sir thomas lynch noted that the northern colonies are now full of pirates'money. pirates had,, lynch claimed, poured the equivalent of 80,000 pounds sterling into boston alone. a city that one english official labeled as the common receptacle of pirates of all nations. now, to get an idea of magnitude of this loot, considered of the time, an average labor in the colony earned about ten pounds per year a a woman got roughly half of that, while a captain of a merchant vessel pulled down about 72 pounds. now, the mid 1600s is also an air of the buccaneers. does anyone know who this is? he's got a rum named after him. henry morgan, yes. this is when men like henry morgan, more famous now for his rum than for his exploits, roamed the caribbean in search of spanish treasure ships to plunder. the treasure ships were full of silver and gold that came from mines and mints in central and south america. the mints produced copious quantities of coins includ

the only significant case of piracy in the colonies during the war was when captain john. welch sailed with his fellow mutineers from marblehead my hometown marblehead, massachusetts in august of 1703 after murdering the captain. of the privateer they were on they then headed to brazil where they plundered a number of ships and came back to marblehead with more than 10,000 pounds worth of -- including a bag full of gold dust. crouching part of his gang were caught after returning to marblehead and they were hanged on friday, june 30th 1704 at the edge of boston harbor thousands of people came out to see them be sent off to eternity the famous purits and preacher cotton mather spoke to the assembled throng. he stood up and steadied himself on a boat. that was just offshore and if you ever been in boston, they were hanged right down the hill from cops hill burial ground near the old north church. and so cotton mather got up and he gave his sermon and he began. we the ministers have told you often. yay. we have told you weeping that you have by sin undone yourself. we have sh

it had on your roof blue. lucy stem, neo colonial. oh said the u. p. c was close to the communist party and represented everything that france was against a kind of african get mean, that must be destroyed. the french high commissioner in cameroon pierre miss math refused to negotiate with communists. he was a former member of the free french and had fought in indo china traumatized by that defeat. he had one simple aim to destroy the u. p. c, and neutralize its leader. rubin em nearby was a wanted man with the help of the camera union army, the manhunt began. morgan bear county manpower in oregon to simpler markham, new village. on 50 de mom, l i n v i v. like was on the sunni, daniel, they don't want to try these. are you the key for virgin money? i want you not so while we're in. so gotcha. is he come sag more on bell poise every day? this is dr. aid. i've been to see dear debauchery says off on martha oil dunker said girls to tell me french troops use the same account. a guerrilla tactics devised in madagascar. we find in indo china and apply dean