i'm the provost of columbia university. and my role tonight to be your host and moderator and emcee. and after the remarks have been made i'll probably moderate the discussion a little bit. it should be a very interesting discussion this evening. it's just all too rare that the topic of what makes research universities so valuable to society gets talked about. even in those universities. a real hope of mine is that jonathan's new book, which so magnificently addresses these questions, will help to change that. that it will help us all take a step back and get a better understanding of these institutions. institutions that have been so central in many of our lives. and that it will help society get a better sense of the value that these institutions hold for a society of a distinct kind of contribution that they make toward the american way of life and the world for that matter. i am as just noted the new provost at columbia having begun my term on september 1st of this year. i've known jonathan for a good while now. he was

university. and by that i don't mean columbia or chicago but i mean, of the university. and if there was any american who would write this book, it was appropriately jonathan. as jonathan observes in his book "great american universities" the potential of ideas from interference or repression is absolutely fundamental to the university. indeed, it is no small measure our deep commitment to academic freedom that in my view has allowed american universities to be great. it's imperative, though, that we never take academic freedom for granted. for that freedom of thought and inquiry that we enjoy today in the academy is the product of centuries of struggle and in the first part of my talk, i will briefly trace the history of academic freedom because unless we know how we got to where we are today, we may not understand just how unique and potentially fragile our academic freedom really is. and the final part of my talk i will offer a few thoughts about the challenges of the future. although the struggle for academic freedom can be traced at least as far back as socrates elo

simon schama is a professor of history and art history at columbia university.luding oxford, cambridge and the other cam bridge also known as harvard university. lionel barber is the editor of "the financial times" of london. he covered europe and the united states for the paper. both of my guests happen to be brits. i don't want you think i consider them smart just because of the accent. lionel barber, you spent many years here. you now watch the united states from across the pond. what is your sense of the obama presidency one year in? >> i think, first of all, he has to realize that he took probably too many people from the campaign into the white house, that he's reliant on those people. he needs to have some people who are, if you like more experience in government as opposed to campaigning. secondly, he probably needs to outsource less to congress. he's been too deferential to congress. he needs to spill a little blood, flex a bit of muscle, be angry a little bit. i'm sure he believes, and he is a formidable articulate person. he believes too much in the p

we'll talk to annette insdorf of columbia university, stephanie zacharek of salon.com, dana stevens a film critic for slate.com and tony scott, film critic of the "new york times" and co-host of the television program "at the movies." >> i think it's between sandra bullock, a hollywood insider who never received the kind of acclaim being showered on her with "the blind side." between the two of them. i think meryl streep is always such a camilleian. by the way, the past couple years, the oscar has gone to attractive women in deglamorized roles like halle barre for "monsters ball" and kate winslet in "the reader." so the fact that meryl streep is made to look much dowdier than she is hashgs that may help her win. >> rose: >> with catherine bigelow, she takes a lot of care with looking at what's in that frame. you always know where one character is in relation to another. whatever there's something happening, whatever there's movement. she's very attune to that. that's one thing that i kind of never hear mentioned is... it's not just wow, a really good movie made by a woman it's the fac

joining us tonight is james rubin an adjunct professor of columbia university's school of international and public affairs and a former assistant secretary of state in the clinton administration. good to see you. >> good to see you. >> it's waged, it's over. the military aspect. but maybe the toughest part begins. it's a real test of the administration's new policy in afghanistan. >> it really. is i think no one doubted american military power could defeat the taliban. the question is what could happen after they're defeat in a particular region. would the people -- the afghans, support the afghan government taking over, or would they revert back to the supporting the taliban the moment the troops leave? and so the real test for the american policy here is whether support oaf the people in the region shifts to the afghan government so ultimately the afghans can take over without having american forces do everything and ultimately americans can come home. >> how much is riding on this for the united states? >> an enormous amount is riding on the policy because president obama is made it

jonathan cole former provost of columbia university presents the history of the american university systemcity hosts this two hour and 15 minute event. >> well we can begin. i want to welcome everyone to this evening's discussion of higher education that is occasioned by the publication of jonathan cole's book, the great american university and its rise to pre-eminence, indispensable national polls and why it must be protected. my name is claude steele and loveless to be the host and moderator and mc and after the remarks have been made by will probably moderate discussion all but. it should be a very interesting discussion this evening. it is all too rare the topic of what makes the research universities so valuable to society gets talked about. even in those universities. a real hope of negative jonathan's new book which magnificently enters these questions will help change that, that it will help us take a step back and get a better understanding of these institutions. institutions that have been so central in many of our lives and will help society get a better sense of the value that

we are graduate students at columbia university's school of applied mathematics and cellular biophysicsfield and toss around the old swine skin. in fact, i am so excited, i might just rip off my elbow patches. >> he's got a devil may care attitude, jimmy. you can never tell what he might do. >> it's true. one time, i actually rode my recumbent bicycle in the rain. >> jimmy: yeah? yeah? that's it? that's it? >> yes, that's it. jimmy i was soaked to the skin for my thesis review. i looked like an absolute madman. >> madman, indeed. people are still talking about it. >> jimmy: well, sounds legendary. you guys have any plans for the super bowl? >> oh, james, big plans do not begin to describe the extravagance of our super bowl party. in fact, i checked this weather for the weekend forecast and it's going to be cloudy with a chance of swedish meatballs. >> oh, that is very funny. oh, no you didn't. >> i said swedish meatballs. i most certainly did. >> no, you did not. >> of course, it's a joke, you know, because we would never want any inclement weather to distract the passman. >> the passma

institutions like georgetown university law center, columbia law, thomas jefferson school of law, yalecornell university school of industrial and labor relations. they wrote to me and urged speedy confirmation saying that tricia demonstrated the highest integrity and commitment to ethical standards. she is experienced, intelligent, thoughtful and energetic. we believe this is exactly what the u.s. department of labor needs in a solicitor. and once confirmed she will be among the best solicitor of labors that the department has known. and i will tell my colleagues that her support transcends party lines. former new york attorney general dennis fakle had this to say about his former employee. patricia smith has proven herself as one of the foremost experts in the nation in the realm of labor law which is why president obama saw fit to nominate her. she was an asset to the new york attorney general he's a office and i'm confident that she will be an asset to the department of labor. so tricia smith has bipartisan. and, madam president, as chair of the subcommittee on employment and work p

the university of term north carolina will retort after long missing was teaching career at columbia university. professor leuchtenburg is the author of more than a dozen books on 20th century american history including the perils of prosperity, 1914 and tell 1932, published 1958 in the shadow left tr for them. your mentor while greg and originally published in 1983 that outdated on several occasions. most recently i believe in 2001 with a subtitle from harry truman to george w. bush. so he keeps at it. and franklin d. roosevelt, an absolute cossack. he wrote the new deal in 1932 intel 1940, which received both the bangkok and the france's parking prices and which is now about to appear in a new addition and he made out from his publisher, harpercollins i think so, but harper company. what the new cover i gather which is shocking to me because i cover again as a classic, too. mr. leuchtenburg is a past president of the american historical association, american historian society and the american historians and is undeniably wanted to mention for this evening event. in 2008, the same society the

point he describes listening to a speech by the former stokely carmichael, by the early '80s at columbia university. and he says that he is speaking at a woman, asked the question and he says that the way in which he responds, his eyes glow of the eyes eyes of a madman. so obama's view of the black power is really something that is anachronistic, something that was suitable for the politics of the 1960s and 70s. but is not flexible enough to take into account the changing racial and political demographics of our multicultural present. >> host: and yet he has opened the white house, made available to people of different, you know, ideological and the wide range of spectrum, al sharpton is somebody who has been, and somebody at least the popular imagination being considered kind of a fiery, black activist. yet he is someone who has access to the white house and has been down to the president. what you make of how obama has handled accessible and now he has reached out to african-americans? >> guest: i think him again this is complicated because on one level, he is the first black president who hasn't

[applause] >> jonathan cole, who served as provost and dean of faculties at columbia university for 14 years, is currently a professor at the university. he's a member of the american academy of arts and sciences and the american philosophical society. for more information visit university-discoveries.com. >> friends of the late howard zinn gathered at busboys and poets here in washington to pay tribute to the historian and political activist who passed away on january 27th. the speakers include ralph nader and amy goodman. this is about and a half -- two and a half hours. ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ [cheers and applause] [inaudible conversations] >> [inaudible] >> that was the young woman's drumming empowerment project. let's give them a big hand. [cheers and applause] with kristin as their leader, she is fresh back from ghana. welcome back, kristin. it's wonderful having you here always. thank you so much. she will be back the next time here we have eve especialliler coming on the 24th of february, we invite you pack for that very special event. can you all hear me outside? good. i'm so sorry we can't h

robert dallek is a graduate of the university of illinois where he received his b.a., ph.d. from columbia, he has received honorary degree from oxford where he was a visiting scholar, todd and ucla for 30 years, and has recently been associated with columbia university. is that correct? >> [inaudible] >> dartmouth also appear in the -- in his retirement years you are an itinerant scholar of sorts. he is also producing a number of very, very fine histories, biographical histories of the united states. personages and our history. and has become a expert on a presidential figures who frequently interviewed on national television, especially during the presidential campaigns. >> james mann comes to this by our read through a career in journalism and he is the author of it to new york times bestsellers, the rise of the time of fantasy, among others. he's currently residence of the john hopkins school of -- school of international theory, a former reporter in washington and and he lives in the d.c. area. thank you both for taking time out of your busy schedules to be here, we're pleased that yo

columbia university, j.d. om harvard law, earl warren legal scholar, private practice chair americay from the council, adjunct professor at rutgers law school, columbia college where he teaches a seminar on the supreme court. but that doesn't even speak to him as a person. as a person, his students and he was introduced at the benjamin cardozo school of law -- the dean there said, "this is a man who touched many of the students' lives in meaningful ways. those students had the privilege of witnessing his humaneness and have been inspired by his example. he's never had anything less in his professional career than excellence." that's what he requires of himself. that's what he requires of his students. that's what he requires of the administration of justice and law. equal justice under the law. we could get a step closer today with judge greenaway's nomination and confirmation, and i hope the senate will unanimously support him, as they did in the past when he became a district court judge, as the judiciary com

[applause] >> i am delighted to introduce our final speaker, the 19th president of columbia university2002 after serving as president of the university of michigan. is a leading first amendment scholar who has published widely on issues including freedom of the speech -- freedom of speech and freedom of the press. president bollinger graduated from the university of oregon. >> thank you. let me begin by saying i think this is an ideal new educational venture. a think it symbolizes exactly what needs to be done in the american higher education. i think that's you can have a better -- you cannot have a better symbol for that then secretary all right. i say that not only as one of her presidents -- [laughter] because she has many presidents. [laughter] but because i think this is where the world is going. each of us, i think, is saying more less the same thing. i will try to put it in my own words and say, we have been thinking about this at columbia and trying it very quickly. first, congratulations on this wonderful achievement. i start from a sense that the university'ies and colleges

the early 1990's, i was kicked out of college in columbia university for organizing student protests.mississippi, the governor was trying to shut down the historic black colleges. it was a school to prison pipeline without the pipeline. take the school, get a prison. that pretty much was the proposition. i got down there and i said to one of the lawyers, "what exactly do you want me to do?" they said to organize protests in jackson, mississippi. i did not realize how terrifying it was to jackson, mississippi. the consequences would be a lot more dire than in new york city. she said to put the fear of god in the governor and the judge. we have lost faith in the idea that judges made the right decision because there were divinely inspired. in our discovery, we found a document about 12 years of bad faith negotiations because they were afraid a riot would break out. rekindle that concern. i went back to doing my job. we organized street protests. we went to jail. we went to jail. as soon as we got out of jail, we started getting death threats. [laughter] so, we said that we were planning

a fourth round could do the same, says columbia university professor of iranian studies, hamid dabashiork. we know it from dealings with iraq. sanctions hurt precisely the wrong people. >> reporter: further complicating matters in iran, the post-election arrest. last june, cnn was in tehran when hundreds of thousands protested what they called president ahmadinejad's sham re-election. eight months later, iran's opposition movement hasn't backed down, posing the biggest challenge to iran's regime in its 30-year history. the answer to the iran puzzle could be supporting its people's call for political change. >> the only thing that he has not done so far is precisely the question of engaging iran. you engage with the iranian people, with the civil society. >> reporter: but, mr. president, supporting an opposition movement risks further isolating a hostile regime. it also takes time. and with iran moving forward with its nuclear program, time is precious. february 11th is another big day in iran/u.s. relations. the anniversary of the islam rev institution. they have called for widespread

the early 1990's, i was kicked out of college in columbia university for organizing student protests.pipeline without the pipeline. take the school, get a prison. that pretty much was the proposition. i got down there and i said to one of the lawyers, "wh

point he describes listening to a speech by the former stokely carmichael by the early 80's at columbia university and he says that he's speaking and a woman asks a question and he says the way in which he response, his eyes glow, the eyes of the mad man or a saint. so obama's view of black power is something that is anachronistic suitable for the politics of 1960's and 70's but is not flexible enough to take into account the changing racial and political demographics of our multicultural present. >> host: and yet he has opened the white house and made it available to people of different ideological and wide range of activist spectrum. al sharpton who was somebody who of least in the popular imagination to be considered a fiery black activist and yet he is someone who has access to the white house and has been done to see the president. what do you make of how obama has handled, been accessible and how he has reached out to african-americans? >> guest: i think again this is complicated because on both one level tease the first black president who hasn't necessarily have to do the same kind of outr

host: our guest has her master's from columbia university.ou'll find a lot of the photo that is are in this spread, beautiful photos by a freelancer in liberia did terrific work on this and there's a multimedia slide show that uses her photographs and some sound that i captured that tells the story of yar and her brother lawrence, the story i was just referring to and will also introduce you to the woman who helped mediate the conflict. host: we'll show you some of the photographs on the magazine. our next caller, baltimore, maryland on our independent line. caller: i was calling to ask ms. moore if it's really appropriate for the united states to be involved in the politics of african government. and isn't that just another form of colonialism? thank you. guest: thanks. that's a pretty frequent critique. and, you know, far be it from me to assume it's my job to tell the u.s. government what's appropriate and not appropriate to do. i don't have the expertise for that and they should rightly probably not listen to me. but the fact of the matte

describes listening to a speech by squirmy, the former stokely carmichael and the early 80's at columbia university and says that during a speaking and a woman asks a question and he says that the way in which he responds, you know, his eyes glow at the eyes of a madman or sand. so obama's view of black power is really something that is anachronistic as something that is suitable for the politics of the 1960's and 70's, but is not flexible enough to take into account the changing racial and political demographics of our multicultural present. >> host: and yet he has opened the white house, made it available to people as different, you know, ideological and the wide range of activist spectrum, al sharpton, who is somebody who's been down to the white house. and at least in the popular imagination, be considered kind of a fiery black activist. and he is someone who has access to the white house and has been down to see the president. what do you make of how obama has handled -- then accessible and how he's reached out to african-americans? >> guest: well, i think again this is complicated because on

i intend to ask, from the columbia university, dr. sachs, brief the c.b.c. on future planning and how should new haiti be planned, how should port-au-prince be redone, how should satellite cities be created? because we feel this is an opportunity now to right many of the wrongs that have happened in the past. the house foreign affairs committee will have a hearing on haiti in the next few weeks and congressman meeks will be holding a hearing on international financial institutions and how they can assist haiti. congressman john conyers has been in contact with the air force liaison and he is going to participate when the time is right in c.b.c. members taking trips to haiti to see firsthand what we should do we've been reluctant to go -- from going down en masse because we wanted to have the -- our agency people on the ground be free to do things that need to be done. however, when the time is right, we'll have a large delegation of members of the c.b.c. to go. as you know, on the 21st of january, the c.b.c. held a press conference to discuss the congression

by president lee bollinger of columbia university. and by president beverly daniel tatum of spellman college. throughout their presidencies, which begins coincidentally in the same year, 2002, president bollinger and president a dump of both global education on their respective campuses. each of them has presided over important initiatives, similar in some respects perhaps to the albright institute. both lay. initiatives to expand the intellectual range and global reach of the university or college. we are enormously great old to president bollinger and president paid him for the time to come here today to share their thoughts with us about their own leadership in these areas and about the way in which higher education in america is or is not meeting its responsibilities in global affairs. last week's catastrophe in haiti has refocused all of us i think on this fundamental issue of our responsibilities to the world at large. our goal is for this event to be a real dialogue, conversation between the members of our panel, but then also

but the president of columbia university, and by the president of spelman college.lectual range and global reach of the college. we're grateful to president bowling shirt and tatum. -- president bollinger and tatum. last week's catastrophe in haiti has refocused all of us on this fundamental issue of our responsibility in the world at large. our goal is for this event to be a real dialogue, that is, a conversation among the members of our panel and then also conversation involving all of you. after our panelists have delivered their brief remarks, i will open things up for and -- for a question and answer session. i hope you feel free encouraged to participate. my role is described as that of moderator. we're not expecting the back- and-forth of a televised presidential debate, but if we can generate enough passion to justify the need for moderator. [laughter] so welcome to all of you. it is my pleasure to introduce madeleine albright. she was the 64th secretary of state of the united states. she was the highest ranking woman in the history of the u.s. government. b

describes listening to a speech by squirmy, the former stokely carmichael and the early 80's at columbia university and says that during a speaking and a woman asks a question and he says that the way in which he responds, you know, his eyes glow at the eyes of a madman or sand. so obama's view of black power is really something that is anachronistic as something that is suitable for the politics of the 1960's and 70's, but is not flexible enough to take into account the changing racial and political demographics of our multicultural present. >> host: and yet he has opened the white house, made it available to people as different, you know, ideological and the wide range of activist spectrum, al sharpton, who is somebody who's been down to the white house. and at least in the popular imagination, be considered kind of a fiery black activist. and he is someone who has access to the white house and has been down to see the president. what do you make of how obama has handled -- then accessible and how he's reached out to african-americans? >> guest: well, i think again this is complicated because on

university of south carolina students. matt wolfer and paul bowers are planning to spend a week being homeless in columbia, south carolina. but before going for a week, they decided to go on a test run. and that's when they ran into some trouble while trying to sleep in a park. three men with guns tried to rob them. >> wasn't quite sure what was going on until we saw the guns and realized more of their intent. >> he had it pointed at me at my chest. they were asking for cell phones, wallets. we don't have anything. >> i heard paul get slapped and then shoved. >> matt looked over and he got pistol-whipped a couple of times. >> wolfer and bower says their experience shows how vulnerable the homeless are. they also say that they still plan to follow through with their experiment to be homeless for a week. >>> the state of maryland may begin recognizing same-sex marriages performed in other states. in an opinion issued this week, state attorney general said that maryland could recognize the marriages but also said that his opinion was meant to guide the courts and is not the law of state. >> much like a driver's license. peop

university of south carolina students. they are manning to spend a week being homeless in columbia, south carolina. before going for a week, they decided to take a test run so to speak. that's when they ran into trouble. while they were trying to sleep in a park, three men with guns tried to rob them. >> weren't sure what was going on until we shaw the guns and realized more of their intent. >> he had it pointed at me at my chest, asking for cell phones and wallets. we don't have anything. >> i heard paul get slapped and shoved. >> matt looked over and got pistol whipped a couple times. >> any also say they still plan to follow through with their experiment to be homeless for a week. >>> we, of course will continue to follow the breaking news from chile where a massive earthquake hit early this morning. stay with us for continuing updates. >>> also ahead, they were kicked out of the state university 50 years ago. now they get a special invitation to return and talk about lessons learned from a tense time in history. >>> an extremely powerful earthquake hit chile. details are coming into us. >>> the

relations from 50 scholars from respected institutions across the country such as georgetown university law center, columbialaw, yale law school and cornell university school of industrial and labor relations. they too urged speedy confirmation saying that tricia has -- quote -- "consistently demonstrated the highest integrity an commitment to ethical standards. he is experienced, intelligent, thoughtful, and energetic. we believe this is exactly what the u.s. department of labor needs in a solicitor. once confirmed, she will be among the best solicitors of labor the department has known." and, mr. president, her support transcends party lines. former new york attorney general, republican, had this to say about his fommer employee, patricia smith has proven herself as one of the foremost experts in labor law, which is why president obama saw fit to nominate her. she was an asset to the new york attorney general's office and i'm confident she will be an asset don't of labor." so, mr. president, i'm here as the chair of the subcommittee on employment and work place safety. know the challenges america's worker

i mean, i was totally transformed by my four years another columbia coming from a slum in brooklyn. i don't see most of the universitiesve that character any longer. i find them conformists slavishly conformist. intolerant. incapable of entertaining positions on the other side. and dogmatic about their beliefs rather than critical. and i think that's been well documented by studies of the contemporary university. yes. >> how are you doing, sir? i have two questions for you. i believe abraham lincoln once told us that. a house divided cannot stand. that was recently displayed in black and white in new york with the cycle political division between the republican and the conservative end. two of them became politically helpless. >> who are you talking about? i'm sorry -- >> the election in new york for the congress. >> are you talking about new york 2003? >> yes. >> at the end they became politically helpless and useless. within 24 hours you had the democratic winner playing an important role. so that's the question on the o-division. the last question to you, just monday, i believe, the prime minister of israel netanyah

. >> next we have professor joseph stiglitz of the universe professor at the columbia business school. >> it is both a pleasure and saddest to testify before you today. i welcome this opportunity to testify in this important subject. i'm sorry that things have turned out so badly so far. in this brief testimony, i can only touch on a few key points, and many of these points i elaborate in my book, freefall, which was published just a few days ago. our financial system failed to perform of the key roles that exposed to perform in our society. managing risk and capital. a good financial system performs these functions at low transaction costs, our financial system created risk and is managed capital. all the while generating huge transaction costs as a sector garnered some 40 percent in the years before the crisis. so deceptive with as storms of creating county that the bank that employed at the crisis evolved they didn't even know their own balance sheet so they knew they couldn't know that with any other bank. we may congratulate ourselves that we've managed to pull back from the brin

columbia, and in south africa. he is a graduate of boston university and he worked for the city of new york. from 2006 to 2008, he served as ambassador to bolivia during a period of heightened tensions between our two countries. in mid-september 2008, president morales accused ambassador goldberg of supporting opposition forces, declaring him persona nongrata and expelled him from the country. the intelligence committee carefully reviewed ambassador goldberg's conduct in bolivia. we have found that ambassador goldberg acted appropriately during his tenure and carried out the policies of the united states government. in fact, an inspector general report on the embassy published in september of 2008 gave ambassador goldberg and his deputy high marks, stating -- and i quote -- "the ambassador and the deputy chief of mission -- the d.c.m. -- provide clear policy, leadership, and guidance. they gather, they input, and the advice from their staff has forged an excellent working relationship among all agencies and sections at post." end quote. after ambassador goldberg's expulsion from bolar live y

wellesley but i'm also thrilled that i went to columbia because i think you have to learn to operate within both environments and i now teach at a co-educational university and i think that there are different skill s that arerequired to make it in a co-educational world. i mentioned this to people. my classes are a bit of a zoo because i think that women have to learn to interrupt and your less likely to have to do that in a coed setting. i think colleges teach leadership in a way you don't get anywhere else. you mentioned the women's college in dubai. what is interesting, i think that we have a -- this goes to your point about afghanistan, i think we have certain characterizations of women in muslim societies that don't always match up with the truth. while clearly, the situation is terrible in afghanistan, i have to tell you the most feminist group sort short of wellesley that i have ever addressed was at the women's university in dubai. all the women were covered and they it'sed me in a way i haven't been tested. i said my normal things, the middle east is a terrible mess. a woman stood up and said sure, it wasn't until you got here. there was a lot

editor at the hill and also writes a column on economics for the hill, educated at the university of north dakota and columbiaama. he was down sure not too long ago and he okayed for high-speed transport and we are thrilled to death. >> host: pat, what is the job situation of tampa right now? >> guest: >> caller: 10% three >> host: 10%. >> caller: we are hurting down here and are all looking optimistic that, you know the five-speed real. we figure it's going to provide jobs, it's going to provide health care. i think one thing feeds into the other. it's giving an optimistic attitude here in tampa we are all excited about and when he got here and spoke to the university of tampa we were elated. he was put on the lion. there were questions that some of our students socked it to him and he responded so well. and nine republican. i'm not a democrat. but you know something? we love obama here in tampa. thank you so much. >> host: high-speed rail, tampa. one of several spots the president made recently in his economic ideas. >> guest: interestingly swing state that we've seen a lot of that from president obama, esp

university at the wild cornell medical center. that's a sister to this hospital, right? >> the w.o.w. cornell is new york presbyterian is the hospital. there's the uptown campus at columbia and the downtown kampls. >> president clinton was at the uptown. >> you could have done his surgery, right? >> no, probably not. >> they calmed you but you didn't come? >> there's a lot of misconception there. i think the cardiologist -- that was on a holiday weekend. the cardiologist was calling a lot of people to see who was in town, and i was out of town. aye said this before. i wanted to know who it was, and they said we can't tell you. so i am thinking it's part of a gangster or a type of lawyer that i don't like, and i said, well i don't want to do him. i'm not coming in. that's what happened. >> larry: what occurred with bill clinton today is fairly normal in postoperative patients? >> well, you know, it's hard to say. the -- usually if a graft is going to close off, it closes off fairly soon, within the first few weeks. and then there's another period of time that it will close off, and that might be four or five years. but i think alan schwartz explained this. that's usually