america's new path and its implication for the united states with john coatsworth, dean of columbia universityschool of international and public affairs, kevin casas-zamora, senior fellow at the brookings institution and former vice president of costa rica. greg grahnin, professor of latin american history at new york university and michael shifter, incoming president of the interamerican dialogue. here is that conversation. >> rose: where is latin america today? >> latin america is in an odd point in its history. it has survived for the most part through the great recession. less damage than united states. mexico has suffered a lot because of its closer ties to the u.s. but the rest of the continent seems to be recovering rapidly. at the same time, latin america is much less dependent on the united states and its relations with the united states, more independent if you will than in the past two centuries. so it's at a point where it is defining its own future. looking for institutions that can embody it and its relationship with the united states is becoming much more complicated. >> also la

he is currently the dean of columbia university's school of business. he specializes in finance and financial markets. he has written more than 90 articles including tw of textbooks. in the political world, he advised former governor mitt romney in his presidential campaign. he previously served as a deputy assistant secretary at the u.s. treasury department, called a consultant to, among others, the federal reserve board -- and a consultant to, among others, the federal reserve board and the fed for reserve bank of new york. -- federal reserve bank of new york. >> good morning, everyone. it is almost impossible to be opposed to the term "competitiveness." it is like mothers and apple pie. how could you not want to be competitive? the question is what does it mean? we just went through a wrenching national debate on health care reform, and part of the reason that was so complicated, at least from an economic perspective, is that it seemed to mean different things. for some people in means coverage leading to cost reductions, and for others it means no,

we ask you to join us on april 3rd at columbia university where vjpersade who's a young and academick on the case. in the 1990s, he was responsible for building asians for mumia. tentatively kathleen cleaver will be speaking at this event. and again, this is intended to be a large event that's oriented around transforming civic discourse in the united states. raising the profile of mumia in american public life but also and finally -- part of what we're trying to do is say that all of the issues and all of the violations in mumia's case like judicial misconduct, discrimination and jury selection, police corruption and tampering evidence to obtain a conviction, these are all of the issues that are single-handedly responsible for the disproportionate incarceration of african-americans and latinos and increasingly mexicans from mexico and increasingly women -- all of these issues are responsible for the mass incarcerations of african-americans and latinos making mass incarceration the most important civil rights issue of our time. this is the face of racism in the united states today. r

with us is marc lamont hill who teaches at columbia university.ook, there are bias crimes in this country. if somebody comes up to you and yells the "n" word in your face you can have them arrested. that's freedom of speech. he is obviously saying what he wants to say but because you are an african-american, because you are a minority, you stand outside a temple with a swastika on your sign you will be arrested. yeah, these judges say well if you are the nird -- snyder, family, white, doing vile things in the temple analogy you can do it. that's what most people go that's wrong. >> the judges aren't saying it's because they are white. they are saying they haven't violated any law. >> bill: they would have if the family had been african-american and they were screaming the "n" word across. >> that may or may not be true. i'm not an attorney or legal expert. i can't say. what i know for sure is the protection of free speech is a critical thing for all american people. >> bill: everybody knows that. >> that organization is vile and disgusting and i w

he is an assistant professor of psychiatry and neuroscience at columbia university. wolfram schultz, he studies how the brain's reward systems affect decision making and learning. he is a professor of neuroscience at cambridge university and a fellow of the royal society. nora volkow. her research into addiction helps us understand drug abuse as a disease rather than a moral weakness. she is a director of the national institute of drug abuse in washington, d.c. eric nestler. through research on mice, his work has illuminated the molecular basis of drug addiction. he is chairman of the department of neuroscience and director of the brain institute at mount sinai medical center here in new york. and once again, my co-host is dr. eric kandel. he is a nobel laureate, as you know by now, also a professor at columbia university and a howard hughes medical investigator and, as you also know, a great friend of this series and the man who has helped us understand this miraculousar gan. welcome. >> mesh pleasure to be here, as ways. >> rose: so as we go through this. as we have

edmund phelps the 2006 nobel prize winner and director of columbia university's capitalism in society. it is wonderful to have you on the program. good to be here. >> so this week the president goes down to new york, sells his agenda, tries to sell the agenda for increased financial regulation, putting the blame on the crisis on failure to take responsibility. the senate is close to working out the legislation. what's the long-term impact of this overhaul? do you think the industry looks much different with this reform? >> i'm disappointed that some of the things that seems to me -- some of the things that needed most doing haven't been done at all. one of the worst faults of the banks, the way they've been behaving in recent years, is that they've loaded up on short-term liabilities in order to do the things they want to do with the money. and so when there are swings in asset prices, they become very vulnerable to their overindebtedness. >> are you supporting, then, the bank tax where banks would have to pay this so-called responsibility fee? because i know that this is being hotly

he's dean of columbia university's graduate school of business, and former chairman of the council of economic advisors under president george w. bush. >> in the 2008 presidential campaign, barack obama promised that the low tax on dividends-- 15%-- that we have enjoyed since 2003 will rise to only 20% with his plan. but the president recently signed into law budget rules that will make it difficult to avoid a dividend tax increase all the way back to pre-2001 levels. far from washington trivia, this difference is a big deal. such a dividend tax change is big news for the stock market. equities have value in part because they pay dividends. today, a taxable investor in the u.s. should be willing to pay 85 cents for every expected dividend dollar. if taxes revert to pre-2001 levels-- and assuming other changes the president proposes-- that drops to 55 cents. while stocks wouldn't drop by quite that much, because markets may have already factored in changes, such a tax hike would have real effects. economists focus on two. that dividend taxes reduce firm value is, by now, well establish

she is announcing a very upcoming planning event about getting involved at columbia university april 3rd. is this appropriate very quickly? >> this is joanne f. fernandez. >> i am a historian and i want to briefly address a question the you asked initially which is how do we understand mumia in the context of american history? if we look at the labor struggle of the 19th century we have the haymarket affair which led to the execution of more and our guest then we have and our guest and radicals who were executed by the state then the rosenbergs in the 1930's and today we have mumia abu-jamal. part of what we see in american history unfortunately is every generation has a martyr whom the state makes a an example of an essentially part of what we see is of the state is telling us by executing these men and women, but the cost will be four challenge -- challenging the state fundamentally. we cannot forget that. mumia is an innocent man on death row who has been there 20 years because of what he stands for and he is the voice of the voiceless and a voice that will not be silenced and it

c-span: well, then -- then the columbia university story. and what year did you go to columbia, or try to go to columbia? >> guest: yes. i graduated from rankin high school in 1929, and i had -- at that time, i loved the sciences, and i had a brother who recommended to me barnard college. and i applied. my principal, teachers and all gave me good marks, good letters. then i went and took the exams, and i was later informed that i had been accepted. but when i went in on the -- to take the -- what -- the placement test, when i went to do that, dean guildersleeve was so reluctant to talk with me, and i got so nervous because my train had been a little late, and i had thought that maybe i -- that was a factor. but finally, she said, i haven't rushed to talk to you because, really, i didn't realize you were a negro. and she said, you know, we have two colored students already. belle tobias and fiora joseph were the two. and she said, so that we could not take another until the fall because belle tobias will be leaving. well, that was a very low m

that's according to a new list compiled by experts at yale and columbia universities.e'd like to know what you think. is america doing enough to protect the planet? here are some of your opinions. nancy are from california e-mailed us. she says the people in our country are pitifully lazy in their efforts to go green. i work for an agency with the city of los angeles. they mandated that all employees recycle everything possible. they do not. i still see trash cans filled with recyclable products. shawn, also from california, sent this e-mail. local recycling centers are simply not equipped to handle a large amount of everyday items that we use. they also don't want us to put things in garbage blacks such as paper in one, plastic in another. what kind of sipt do they want me to have in my kitchen? what do you think about this? is america doing enough for the environment? e-mail us by logging on to cnn.com/hln. tell us your thoughts, and maybe we'll be sharing them on the air. >>> surfers sometimes hang ten, right? this surfer was just hanging on for dear life. this amaz

joining me to talk about all of this are rashid khalidi, professor of arab studies at columbia university and bret stephens, a frequent guest here. so, bret, what petraeus seems to be saying, look, i'm out there, i'm talking to these arab leaders. it hurts our relationship with them. it makes it more difficult for them to ally with us. they all complain about this. so he's sort of reflecting that ground reality, no? >> well, i think there's some element of truth to that. and it's certainly convenient for our political leaders to make the case that discontent in their country has to do with what settlements israel might be build in parts of jerusalem as opposed to, say, their own policies, mubarak's repression of egyptians, the repressive policies in saudi arabia. so, of course they're going to blame israel and not sort of look at their own mismanagement. and when you look at actually the jihadi complaints against the west, obviously they include israel, of course they include the settlements. these complaints predate the settlements. . they have a lot to do with long-standing radical obje

. >> this week columbia university announced the winners of the 94th pulitzer prize. up next, booktv teaches this year's winners in the categories of general nonfiction, biography and history. first the winner for history, "lords of finance" written by liaquat ahamed. this program lasts an hour. ♪ >> coming up next, booktv presents "after words," an hour long interview program where we invite a guest host to interview the author of a new book. this week liaquat ahamed presents in his book "lords of finance:the bankers who broke the world" that four of the world's central bankers attempted to rebuild the global economy following world war i but instead contributed to the economic collapse that led to the great depression. mr. ahamed profiles the central bankers from england, germany, france and the united states. and examines their collective fear of inflation, their interest in the gold standard and their failed plans to stabilize the international economy. liaquat ahamed discusses his book with gerald seib executive washington editor of the "wall street journal." sfl

. >> in part when he was at columbia university and his disability was causing him to drop out a professor gave him a biography of franklin roosevelt and said "don't change until you understand this." and i think... plus, also roosevelt was a master politician in leading our country. he saved the free enterprise system. he put into place a regulatory system that we're now looking back on with envy. >> rose: do you think what nelson rockefeller admired was that he was a patrician who was able to devote himself to public service? >> yes. i think nelson rockefeller and the rockefeller family looked at roosevelt as someone who they could relate to. as someone who brought to a person who could have a life of ease and leisure and lived totally differently but who instead devoted himself to his country, was a great patriot and a public servant. he was a moster politician, elected four times as president. seven congressional elections in a row he won. the british did not have an election from 1935 to 1945. in wartime we had two congressional elections and a presidential election and roosevelt won

about the larger economic picture we turn to glenn hubbard, dean of the business school at columbia university. he was chairman of the council of economic advisors for president george w. bush. and laura tyson, professor of economics at the hosk school of business at the university of california berkeley. she was chair of president clinton's council of economic advisors, and is now a member of president obama's economic advisory board. thank you both for being with us. and laura tyson, i'll turn to you first. how do you read this report? >> well, i read it as encouraging. but encouraging and moderate. it's encouraging because we have private sector employment growth. and actually the revisions to this report for january and february say that the economy on average has produced about 54,000 jobs a month for the first quarter of this year. think about how encouraging that is when you look at what was happening just a year ago in the first quarter when the economy was losing 750,000 jobs a month. so we have clearly dramatically turned a corner. but i would use the word modest here because we have

chris mayer is the paul millstein professor of real estate at columbia university. >>> april 15th hase and gone. did you get the return done? now what? if you e-filed, you'll get it quickly. if not, you'll get it a little later. we'll tell you exactly what you should do with that money when we come back. a guy nafor 65 dollars.ce, wants a room tonight we don't go lower than $130. big deal, persuade him. okay. $65 for tonight. you can't argue with a big deal. and you can get a big deal on last-minute flights, too. while everyone else's prices are on the rise, priceline finds the empty seats to save you up to 50% off published fares when you name your own price. big last-minute savings from the home of the big deal. ever wish you knew a retirement expert? let's meet some. retirement's a journey an@l we know the territory. we're chartered retirement planning counselors at td ameritrade. we're trained. we're seasoned. experienced. we'll help you with rollovers. consolidating old accounts. opening new ones. guiding you through paperwork. we're li0é retirement co-pilots. call us soon. when

currently adjunct assistant professor in the graduate writing program at the school of the arts at columbia university. for more information, visit katherineweber.com. >> all this month see the winners of c-span studentcam video documentary competition. ...

he's currently an adjunct professor of columbia university grad school of journalism. to find out more, visit stephenfried.com. >> jason, what attracted you to the yugo? >> it wasn't a dream of mine to be the guy that wrote a book on the yugo. i was always interested desiccate in those rare moments in which you decide to enter the american consciousness which was almost never. the 1980's the dictator, hyrum arafat, the olympics of 1984, and then the basketball player can and it placed corrine adel musharraf for the most part of the ever knew anything about it. except for the yugo. prior to the war the number one most recognizable object or artifacts of any kind from yugoslavia was this car so i wanted to know why that was. i was also a bit tired of war and conflict and violence and field states and there is incredible books on conflicts and the brink of yugoslavia but i just wanted to write something like sure with a more popular feel and the yugo story is far deeper than my fault. i'd simply writing the book of a production model of a car. >> when was the yugo produce

jeffrey sachs, director of earth institute, columbia university.ou. a big showdown on capitol hill regarding this finance bill this weekend. >> is it? >> "meet the press," you'll have shelby and dodd. is it going to be a big fat nothing burger or are you going to get them to fight? >> i think it's actually getting close to being resolved. what's interesting here, we can talk about derivatives and some of the fine points. the bigger piece of this is the fight over the role of government because, you know, you have the excesses of the financial system, kind of unfettered capitalism. and then a bigger government role of regulation and oversight and the potential for getting taxpayers backs involved. i mean, this is still really what this fight is about. and, yet this anti-establishment mood in the country is such that i think there's going to be more bipartisan agreement to hold wall street in check because if you're republicans and you want to get tea partiers in the mix, nobody's happy with big institutions. you know, these charges against goldman s

at once, so now they're really trapped and they're trapped in what professor ronald mann of columbia university has called "the sweat box." he's looked at how the credit card companies manipulate their consumers. and what they do is they set up all these tricks and traps and slid you build up a nice balan balance, and it's at a reasonable interest rate. but you fall into one of the traps, they catch with you one of the tricks and, bam, they've got you. you're now in a 30% interest raivment you don't have the resources to pay it off all at once and the charges begin to piem. pile up. the fees, the exorbitant interest. and trite soon they've got you over a barrel. and it is systemtized. it is done to extract the maximum amount of money and profit from consumers who harnts aware of how sophisticated the machinery is that's out there trying to gouge them. so this isn't just a question of exorbitant industry -- interest rates. it's also a question of pushing back against credit card companies that have developed a system, the sweat box system, that needs to be put to an end. and state regulation can

more points, first of all, mike mullen was in new york yesterday, he was making a speech at columbia university, he was asked about this topic, here's how he reacted. >> from from my perspective, that's the last option is to strike iran. and i think i was very clear about the decision space here, to not much decision space, because of the two outcomes, having a weapon and striking generate unintended consequences that are difficult to predict. bill: i don't know if was prepared to answer that but in all likelihood he didn't think the memo would get out. >> when you're in the administration, you think everything is possible to leak so you have to take that into consideration. bill: people in washington are telling you this administration has resigned itself to iran going nuclear. >> there are some within the administration that have resigned themselves to iran going nuclear so what they want to do is say how do we prevent a nuclear arms race, one approach is to squeeze israel, which is what you're seeing, squeeze israel to have a peace agreement with the palestinians and thereby telling the rest

and admiral mike mullens comments coming minutes ago at columbia university, here in new york and theyword today from the president of iran himself, mahmoud ahmadinejad, saying in a speech, that iran's military is so powerful, that no one would dare attack his country and the president making those remarks, during a parade, celebrating national army day. >> gregg: another "fox news alert." after days of groundings and disruptions from the massive volcano, eruption, in iceland, european union officials are saying that half of the continent's formally scheduled airline flights could resume tomorrow. several european carriers, conducting test flights, today without any incident. now, this combined with better wind patterns, predicted for tomorrow, now emboldening safety officials though the volcano shows no sign of letting up. the airlines have been exerting serious pressure to get back to business and the international air transport association says the industry is losing more than $200 million a day. worldwide. thousands of stranded passengers, also pushing hard, to get back home. globa

it was done out of columbia university.followed them for an average of four years. and found that those who ate a relatively healthy diet, and we'll talk about what that means, had up to a 40% reduced risk of developing alzheimer's. >> do you know how big a headline that is? >> that's huge. >> alzheimer's affected my father, my father-in-law, every family in america has been affected by that. if you could roll it back by 40% just by eating differently? >> and much better to prevent it than to treat it once it's started. so what they found was that not just specific foods, but foods in combination with each other had a protective effect. so we're talking about foods that were high in vitamins e and b-12, high in folate and owe may xwa 3 fatty as sids. so things like nut, fish, salmon or oily physicians, leaf if i green vegetables. >> and these are the things that we talk about on a regular basis being heart healthy and all these other kinds of things. so basically if you're on this line of food, it will pay all kinds of divi

of the columbia university graduate school of journalism and the columbia university graduate school f business. he lives in manhattan and in columbia county and york with his wife and his two sons. please welcome williams cohan to the annapolis book festival to talk to you about "house of cards." [applause] >> thank you, speed. it's a pleasure to be here. i didn't realize how over educated i sound. i don't know how many of you were here for the previous panel on water usage and abuse. it was very interesting and i just want to refer to howard earnest who said that he had to speak fast because he had a lot of people to offend. i agree with him. i will be speaking fast because i have a lot of people to a friend as well, and also or in velte who says as the water levels rise the will be a temptation to think about saving manhattan and supposed to other low-lying cities like miami or places along the chesapeake bay and i think after i get done you will agree we won't want to be saving manhattan. [laughter] if he were here you hopefully get comfort from that. i started writing "house of c

admiral mullen, chairman of the joint chiefs, spoke at columbia university yesterday. the picture from wired.com. i will pull this off to read some of the a cop -- some of the comments reported on abc. reading from this report from reuters last night. new york city. good morning to donald on our democrat's line. you are on the air. caller: for the obama administration, i don't think sanctions are good enough to stop iran. the only way to stop iran is to go to war with iran. i do think they are producing nuclear weapons. host: back to the front pages for a second. "the wall street journal," we showed you a headline early appeared possible the senate this week will take a financial regulations bill. this one in particular -- sec investigating other soured deals. now arlington, new jersey. mark, independent line. caller: i can't believe how naive the first three callers are. it is the fact that iran poses a direct threat to the continental u.s., which they probably could. but the more important point is they will bully the entire region if they have nuclear- weapons, and

he works at columbia university. thank you for coming, marc. janks morton, whose films have awakened many to the truth, a documentarian at large. [applause] mr. banks, i went to jesuit high school, so i have to address them properly. the academy is an example of what america needs, not just the black community. [applause] tara dowdell, political skills extraordinaire, in really, think you. we live 40 or input. not only as a business person but as a woman within the community, that inside is necessary if we're going to educate men. we must educate women, and the opposite is also true -- we look forward to your input. charles, you have an incredible story. i would shorten it for you. determination, desire, interest, and achievement. this is an example of what you can do when you start out in harlem and get all the way downtown to wall street and then cover the globe. charles, fox business contributor, a ceo, we need your expertise. [applause] and we start with child -- charles and the community at large. implanted in business is the first topic,

it's been nearly 30 years since my protege, the professor lost tenure at columbia university but he stilltside to a very inquisitive pile of used syringes. >> that's pretty good. that happened to me, too. with us from washington, we have the moderator of "meet the press," david gregory. and at the white house, the coat diva, co-host of "the daily rundown," savannah guthrie. david gregory, i need your thoughts on this, your expertise. just culling through the past few days, look at this. look at this. pleather, pink pleather, emerald green trench, and now we're teal. that's just the past few days. >> reporter: oh, you're killing me. you know what's weird about it? those are all willie's coats. >> that's upsetting, actually. >> reporter: he's so generous with his fashion. >> david, the analyst of all political analyst, i'm thinking she needs to retire the pink pleather. >> reporter: i like the pleather. >> i like it. i like color. >> fine. all right. very nice. savannah, i'm jealous. the one today i'm getting. david, looking at some of the polls we've been talking about today, and i don't k

nevertheless, she attended college at new york university and did post-graduate work at columbia university and the new york school of social work. working as a social worker, dr. height came into contact with the problems and conditions of the average citizen, or common man. these experiences and understandings guided her thinking, ignited her passions and kept her going until just a few days ago. dr. height joined the national down soifl negro women and became its voice and leader. she served as the national president of delta sigma theta incorporated for 11 years. she was oh the only woman engaged in leadership of the united civil rights organization with dr. martin luther king, whitney young jr., a. philip randolph, roy wilkins, and john lewis. when the movement subsided, dr. height's work continued. she was energetic, went everywhere and to everything. she developed women by serving as their mentor and friend. two women i know and worked with in chicago are miss rosie bean and ms. annetta wilson. both of them were willing to call themselves desipeles of dr. dorothy height. she was an u

the great sister university of columbia. yes. did you wish you had had like a brood of children? >> yes! >> rose: i thought so. >> of course. >> rose: because you would just... think about the stuff they could do. they could be raising chickens and learning about the farm and, you know, they could... >> well, alexis learn learned all of that. >> rose: did she? >> oh, sure. >> rose: we'll show alexis in a moment because she has a t.v. show on cereus radio. >> she has her own radio program. >> rose: is she the inheritor of all this? >> she is the heiress. when i was in trouble, you know what she called herself? >> rose: no. >> the heiress to misfortune. >> rose: (laughs) >> she has a good sense of humor. >> rose: the heiress to misfortune. >> no, she's the heiress to a growing fortune. >> rose: succession is a thing you have to think about. >> oh, i do. i do. >> rose: so are you training... is she in training to take over this empire? >> if she so chooses. >> rose: have you always been close or were you not so close and got closer?

transfer their credits and continue their education in some of the most prestigious universities in this country, including columbia, n.y.u., the university of southern california and clarkson. but i'm here today to rise in congratulations of two of the college teams. i'm going to congratulate one team now because that's the subject of h.res. 561, and then -- hoping the gentlelady will yield to me when we consider h.res. 563 i will talk about the other team. mr. speaker, i want to congratulate the onondaga community college lazy lazers for winning -- lady lazers for win the athletic association women's attorneyment. i'm incredibly proud to represent the lady lazers. they had an incredible season and this championship. in 2009, as mentioned, their inaugural season, the lady lazers defeated monroe community college 9-7 in the finals of the njcaa women's lacrosse tournament. this was the conclusion of a fantastic season by a fantastic team. three lady lazers were named first team njcaa all americans and all of the lady lazers were tremendous representatives of onondaga colonel and their community. the 2010 season is a

university blvd.. the headlights are southbound out of columbia. we will give you the green flag.'s just a little cleanup left. we are going to go to virginia. nothing complicated on 66, 95, 395. leaving the belt way towards the pentagon is good. back to you. >>> officials are asking for your help on how to ease congestion on 66. a town hall meeting tonight will be at a fairfax county government center. it will focus on proposals that tweaks the existing infrastructure. one is to have been as rapid transit lines along 66. officials will give a presentation tonight on how the buses would work. if we need that. >> it is always backed up. >> we are too big for our bridges. >> it is 6:12. 44 degrees. >> still ahead, another day in space for the space shuttle discovery. we will tell you why. >> you are watching good morning washington. with doug mcelway, alison starling, meteorologist brian van de graaff, and lisa baden with traffic. this is good morning washington on your side. >> and two college students from our area where the victims of a disputididdley shooting. 21-year-old tyrone

universities. president ronald reagan appointed justice scalia to the united states court of appeals for the district of columbia in the 1982 -- in 1982. four years later, president reagan nominated him to serve on the supreme court. the senate confirmed his appointment on september 17, 1986. that was almost 24 years ago. justice stephen breyer was going in san francisco, california. he received a b.a. in philosophy from stanford university, a b.a. at magdalene college and oxford university as a marshall scholar, and a law degree from harvard law school. he served as a law clerk for associate justice arthur goldberg during the 1964 term. in 1967, he began his academic career at harvard law school, where he taught until 1994. he also taught at harvard university's kennedy school of government from 1997 to 1980. beginning in 1979, he served two years as chief counsel to the senate judiciary committee. president jimmy carter appointed justice breyer to the u.s. court of appeals for the first circuit in 1980. he became its chief judge in 1980 -- 1990. he served as a member of the u.s. sentencing commission from 1985

columbia circuit. before that, he was the dean of iowa law school. before that, the st. louis university law school.e worked at other law schools as well. >> what year did you clerk for him? >> 9047-48. >> what did you learn from that experience that you still hold onto the day. i learned an awful lot. i learned to take the time to write out your own draft opinions show you are sure you understand the case before you turn it over to someone else to work on. i learned that every case is important, not just when it is a lot of money involved or a public issue. every case is important to the people who are involved. >> back to the riding of the first draft. is that unique to you? >> no. i cannot speak to my colleagues. i am not sure they all do. one of the reasons i did that is that justice rutledge used to write them out on a yellow pad. why type on a computer rather than write on a pad. he would write out in longhand the fall first draft. his secretary would type it up. usually, that was it. we would make the supply some footnotes or suggestions. he did the whole thing himself. >> what has been your

universities. president ronald reagan appointed justice scalia to the court of appeals for the district columbia in 1982 and four years later, on june 24, 96, president reagan -- 1996, president reagan nominated him for the supreme court. his confirmation was it in 1986. almost 24 years ago. s. tephen breyer receive -- justice stephen bryer received his law degree -- breyer received his law degree from stanford. in 1967, he began his academic career at harvard law school where he taught until 1994. he also taught at harvard university's kennedy school of government from 1997 to 1980. -- he also served as the chair of the judiciary committee. president party in -- president carter appointed him to the u.s. court of appeals and he became chief judge in 1990. he served as a member of the u.s. sentencing commission from 1985 through 1989. on may 14, 1994, president william clinton nominated him to serve on the supreme court. he took the oath of office on august 3, 1994, nearly 16 years ago. finally, our moderator is james c. duff. jim and graduate from the university of kentucky honors program or he wa

university of chicago law school. she worked in the justice department and the clinton administration. and the third nominee is a judge in the district columbia circuit court. he was prosecutor in the clinton administration to rid he, like other judges, has a lot of national security and federal cases. >> senator leahy said he would like confirmation by next summer. >> there is one less democrat in the senate, and that means that the power to stop the filibuster is no longer present among them. republicans feel far more and older than they did last year -- far -- far more emboldened then they did last year -- than they did last year. republicans are much more emboldened. the vacancy question plays well with their supporters. this motivates their side and it might bring over some independents. republicans and conservatives will get more motivated than democrats or liberals. >> will he be burman as a liberal judge? >> he will -- will he be remembered as a liberal judge? >> he will. he was nominated in 1975. his patron was another justice. the court has moved to the right around him. in relative terms, he will be remembered as a liberal justice