invades the united states and because he's -- as a second south texas a jokester, he invaded columbus new mexico. take that, columbus. here's your european invasion the result of that wasn't very funnyfunny, right? some people got killed in columbus new mexico and the united states government sent 25,000 troops, including macarthur and poun patent her just gottent of west point to find our good friend, poncho villa. some 25,000 troops go. they never found him. they didn't catch him. but right when that was happening, there were two things going on in the united states. vaudeville houses were closing, and motion picture houses were opening everywhere. motion picture houses showing newsreels of american soldiers in mexico with that mexicans, bandit mexicans, thieving mexicans. so that for me as a tragedy of mexican u.s. relations into the 21st century, that at the birth of the picture, at the birth of the motion picture these newsreels and postcards crystallize the image of a mexican as other, not just any other, dead dirty bandit other. so i was trained with a ph.d to write about latin american f