those who rejected the confederacy. let me say a few brief words about southern unionism before i focus in on the campaign. it's been difficult for scholars to measure the extent of southern unionism and at issue is a sometimes tenuous distinction between antiadministration confederates, those who register protests of one kind or another, sometimes very ardent protests against the way the confederate government was conducting the war critics of the war effort. in a second category we have people who may be were confederates at heart but masks that confederate loyalty in order to survive and to co-exist, for example, with occupying yankee armies. then on final category, we have true blue unionists, unconditional unionists, those who had never supported secession and who worked for and welcomed northern victory. lines between these categories can be tough to sort out between dissent, opportunism and true loyalty. but it is clear that these unconditional true blue unionists, those southerners who never accepted secession,

for hard_liners in the confederacy, the meaning is clear. a september 19 richmond dispatch asked __ shall we be slaves to the yankees? and answered, general mcclellan says we shall. mcclellan's stance would loosen the election, the editorial predicted, because it erased any meaningful difference between lincoln and mcclellan. if mcclellan had left the northern masses any grounds for hope __ he might have been elected. but given the choice between two war candidates, the people of the united states can have no reason to change the government. it is the old contest between the outs and the ends, so lamented this editorial. in short, the two confederate camps differed not only on the issue of means, but also ends. hardliners have little faith that the democratic president would do the south spitting. instead, they wished for lincoln's defeat. here is the key point. the core principle of the hardliners was that only battlefield victories and not political machinations would win southern independence. and the primary end of these hardliners was n

one of the confederacy's largest cities, and last remaining ports. with typical wit sherman presented the city to the president as a christmas present along with 150 heavy guns, plenty of sherman decided that the time to widen the kwurden and pain of the war beyond just rebel soldiers to include the civilian supporters of the confederacy, especially the common folk. sherman believed that forcing noncombatants to field what he called the hard hand of war was a military necessity. making the war as harsh as possible but bringing victory more quickly and with a minimum loss of life on both sides. it would undermine confederate morale on the home front. trigger a wave of desertions from the armies, destroy the confederacy's ability to wage war and prove to the rebels that their cause was hopeless and their government impotent to protect them and their property. this new hard war doctrine was fully sanctioned by the united states government. the previous year president abraham lincoln had approved the creation of the libor code, a set of rules based on ac

one of the confederacy's largest cities, and last remaining port. with typical wet, she represented the city to the president as a christmas present, along with 150 heavy guns, plenty of ammunition, aand 25,000 bales of cotton. the fall of savanna marked the end of the march to the sea, and events that has come down to us as an act of savage brutality, perpetrated by one of the great balance of american history. just the mention of sherman's name cconjures images of burning cities, ransacked plantations, and scared women and children. even after the passage of 150 years and dozens of scholarly books, most conversations about sherman continue to generate more heat than light. after 30 years of fighting, __ 3 years of fighting, and more than half 1 million dead, by 1864, the united states had still not suppressed one of the most potent threats ever posed to the nation's existence. faced with continued existence in climbing casualty figures, sherman decided that the time had come to widen the burden in pain of the war beyond just beyond rebel soldiers,

those in eastern virginia, predominantly, were supportive of the confederacy.o, when virginia takes her vote for secession, the last vote on april 17, 1861, the majority of the virginia delegates will vote to secede from the united states and to join the southern confederacy. those voters from northwestern virginia, who were overwhelmingly against secession, they would come back to this side of the mountains in west virginia. they would have mass meetings, public meetings, to decide what northwestern virginia would do, and they decided they needed to have a place for a more formal convention and wheeling would be the place rest to have that convention. it would be safe, given that it is this wedge of land between the great and powerful union states of ohio and pennsylvania. there were safety there. it was a place for them to meet, to formulate a plan, and to embark upon one of the most incredible experiments in our american history and the only successful secession movement in american history. there were a lot of issues that brought this thing to a head. it ca

it was enrichment and is now called the museum of the confederacy. it is restored to more or less the status the condition that it was in when jefferson davis resided there between 1861-65. it's a lovely house, grand house that was built by a male family that owned substantial mills and other properties, and it was leased by the confederacy for use as their presidents house. >> maybe we can finish up with one, i have one last question. you profile a number of houses in your book. did you find that you a favor whether it is from the architectural standpoint or the character of the person who lived there? >> well, i guess it's hard to pick between those children which is kind of what this is because you know what you do, spend the time that i can looking at these places. you know i think from an architectural standpoint, it's hard not to stand in awe before longwood that great natchez octagon. in part because it's an empty it is a skeleton. it is a shell and yet it has survived. and it's this enormous place that boggles the imagination how grand the ho

when the confederacy collapsed so did the police force. there are extraordinary levels of crime and alcoholism. it is a devastated depressed angry, traumatized region. and in that region were both white southerners and black southerners and they have lost people that they love, they were suffering from what is now called ptsd, they don't have limbs, they don't have eyes they don't have family members and you suddenly have the need to reconstruct a society and the government. and that is going to include for the first time in american history one of my favorite images of reconstruction african-americans, not the african-american men, but african-american women and children. these are the people that you would see along the street sides , because african-american women rarely make it into textbooks when they talk about this, but african-american women very quickly started engaging in street vending, or road vending or track vending, or path vending, but out there were you could see them, where white people coming home from fighting in the ba

those in eastern virginia, predominantly, were supportive of the confederacy. so, when virginia takes her vote for secession, the last vote on april 17, 1861, the majority of of the virginia delegates will vote to secede from the united states and to join the southern confederacy. those voters from northwestern virginia, who were overwhelmingly against secession, they would come back to this side of the mountains in west virginia. they would have mass meetings, public meetings, to decide what northwestern virginia would do and they decided they needed to have a place for a more formal convention and wheeling would be the place rest to have that convention. it would be safe, given that it is this wedge of land between the great and powerful union states of ohio and pennsylvania. there were safety there. it was a place for them to meet, to formulate a plan, and to embark upon one of the most incredible experiments in our american history, and the only successful secession movement in american history. there were a lot of issues that brought this thing to a head.

this is the national flag of the confederacy. and again, all our flags are in climate controlled cases where they will be perfectly fine for many, many years. beginning in the 1890's, there was a concerted effort to find and collect west virginia's remaining civil war battle flags. during that decade they collected these flags. at the time, they did not know how to preserve them. some of them used chemicals that were detrimental to the flags. but for over six decades these flags set in dark storage. they did not see light at all until we could figure out how to conserve them, how to repair them, and how to put them in these climate controlled cases. so, they have been conserved. they have been restored as much as possible. what is left will be there for many generations to come. but to be beside a flag, to be in the presence of that object is to be in the presence of the past, because this is that tangible, real connection people can have to the past. >> all weekend, american history tv is featuring wheeling, west virginia. the c

those in eastern virginia predominantly were supportive of the confederacy. so virginia takes her vote for succession, the last vote, the majority of virginia delegates will vote to secede from the united states and join the southern confederacy. those delegates from northwestern virginia who were overwhelmingly against it, would come back to the mountains in west virginia, they would have mass meetings, public meetings to decide what west virginia would do. and they decided they needed a place for more formal convention and that wheeling would be the place to have that convention. it would be safe, given that it's stuck in this wedge of land between the great and powerful union states of ohio and pennsylvania. so there was safety there. and so it provides a place for them to meet to formulate a plan and to embark upon one of the most incredible experiments in our american history. and the only successful secession needed in american history as well. there were a lot of issues that brought this thing to a head. as i said it came about over decades. and they h

if kentucky becomes part of the confederacy, it is the second largest state in the confederacy.you have lost all those troops. they go over to the confederacy. yes, ma'am. >> there are a couple things here. people judge lincoln by the standards of 2014, and in the 1860's, he was very forward thinking. if you think of eleanor roosevelt, she was a pioneer in her day. some people say she did not go far enough. she resigned and facilitated a concert at the lincoln memorial, but those may have said she should have been there. frederick douglass who agitated to get blacks in uniform. but he had to be the one to sign off on it. one could not happen without the other. >> that is a great point -- i agree with you completely. another example of this is, you will hear the 1858 charleston boat, but you will never hear lincoln on the last speech of his life saying he wants blacks to get the right to vote. in 19th-century america, that was a radical idea, right? that was a radical idea for the next 100 years. or, you will often hear people quote the greeley letters, saving the union without f

that date, the war is winding down, the confederacy's desperate. the fact that someone who is recuperating at the hospital is called back to duty, tells you how short the confederacy was on manpower. now, they are calling up even soldiers who are recuperating in the hospital, if they could carry a gun, there needed on the front lines. although there is no further information on him, the fact that he is called out of his hospital bed to duty tells you by this point in the war, the confederacy is getting desperate. a yankees view of battle. around the same time, brandy station, 1863. william keith. dear mother and father sister and brother. i am rested up after a hard fight. our regiment was in the advance. we crossed beverly ford at 4:00 in the morning. as we cross the river, we were ordered to draw sabres. company a and company b were the first across the river. we started our horses on a run and commenced yelling like the devil, driving in the red pickets. the regiment poured in, bled into our ranks. we returned favor and through our revolvers and

there is someone who is entering into union service, to fight the confederacy. after the emancipation proclamation, to free the slaves. and he still is taking the name of his master, his former master. even the events of not enough -- even the emancipation proclamation was not enough proof that -- former slave owners. ira member anton williams was a slave belonging to me at the time of the emancipation. i'd amended his certificate of enlistment. emancipation has happened, that does not make any difference to slave owners. i want to see his enlistment papers. otherwise, i will insert my right at being his owner. he then realizes, here is someone in uniform, armed. i guess he is no longer my slave. that is what it took, to have slave owners recognize, i no longer on them. christopher columbus, company eight, fourth regiment, missouri infantry. a remarkable letter from him to his wife, march 14, 1864. my dear wife, i think the services first rate. we were assigned to a regiment in uniform. we have been uniformed, and we will be armed and sent to did exceed to hunt

it wasn't like fighting the confederacy. the confederacy, you know, they would stand up and fight you. the indians would run away and then ambush you later when you were all strung out. they had their own way of fighting. it was totally different. but well adapted to their environment. custer had a taste of this chasing moseby during the war. it didn't work then either. he couldn't find them, and it didn't work out well. general john gibbons said that glory on the plains meant being shot by an indian from behind a rock and having your name spelled wrong in the newspapers. [laughter] you know? that's -- it's a different kind of war. just not what custer was used to. and the thing about that is he fought fewer battles in his next ten years than he did in his last year of the civil war. and they were mostly small battles. when you look at the scale of combat of custer on the plains, totally different. and little bighorn was, like, the really big one. and even little bighorn if you look at the number of casualties there, you kno

he owns the mosby confederacy tours. he leads tours in mosby's confederacy. he has published the "hell is being a republican in virginia -- the postwar relationship between john mosby and ulysses s. grant." it examines the pursuit of peace between the north and south by colonel mosby and president grant. he is descended from chaplin father james m. graves who severed with joe johnson and jackson. he is the past commander of the black wars camp 780 sons of the confederate veterans. he has a professional background in public relations, sales, and marketing. he holds undergraduate degrees in english from bellarim university in louisville kentucky, and a masters of science degree in community development from the university of louisville. he is a u.s. army veteran with an honorable discharge, and lives in warrenton, virginia. let's give a hand for dave goetz. [applause] >> thank you. it is a joy to be back here. it is a joy to see these faces. i am so happy so many of you came out tonight. i am grateful. i'm going to do a little bit of saturday night live. this i

my friend mark neely has done some very good work on censorship and suppression in the confederacy which was even more rampant than it was in the union but they ideas between editors and politicians was a national on that original phenomenon. >> in the congress of the united states av 10 15 or 20 editors? >> sure and if you aren't a member you are an official of the body. john wayne for ney one of my favorite characters i wrote about in the book who was a philadelphia editor gets bored with philadelphia so he moved to washington and starts a sunday paper called the sunday chroniclend he expanded into daily paper called the washington daily chronicle which becomes lincoln's favorite paper paper. i think it's no one post on the cover of the book and a photographer gallery. forney loses the job in the transition to the lincoln administration so forney and lincoln meet. no one knows exactly what was said or what they offered each other but a few days later lincoln is calling him a new senator of illinois who has replaced the late steve douglas and says this guy forney ought to be secretary o

>> yes. >> a part of the cameron family and we saw her brother. >> he fought for the confederacy. gus is the symbol of what any black man, according to griffith, is after and that is a white woman. and so he spins -- gus, it is one the most famous scenes. the gus chase scene. gus confronts flora and basically says i want you. she pushes him away and wants nothing to do with him. he chases her and it goes on for five or six minutes. >> let's watch it. [video clip] >> who is that? >> her brother, ben cameron. she's missing and he is searching for her. >> gus is an ex-slave. >> a southerner. >> from south carolina? >> yes. >> she's running away. does her brother know gus is trying to find her? >> she is missing, he found her scarf. she was supposed to have been home and whatnot. they had trouble with gus earlier with him being predatory. she would rather go to the edge of a cliff. he is hunched over and there is something almost gorilla-like or ape-like. >> that is all part of griffith's portrayal? >> yeah. >> still cannot find his sister. >> rather than submit to gus the maiden flor

his father, lieutenant colonel griffith fought for the confederacy. >> where was tom dixon from? >> from the south as well. you had this unified front in terms of a southern view of the war and its aftermath. >> newspaper reporters diplomats, the turnout on such short notice had exceeded any reasonable expectation to be permitted to attend, journalist had to agree the film was off the record because it had not been shown public in the east. >> those were the terms of both for the screening at the white house and the second screening i just mentioned. griffith was not one to live by those terms because he sent telegrams after the white house screening to a favorite entertainer reporter of his at "the l.a. times." and just reported both the screening and how wonderful it had gone. it was grace kingsley, and one of her columns, wrote the news there'd been an amazing screening in the white house. >> what was woodrow wilson's known attitudes at the time about african-americans? >> i think he was very smart politically. the crusading newspaper editor and civil rights leader, was it mak

he joined the confederacy.ple of the degree to which southerners are embracing this, "the battle hymn of the republic," an immensely popular early movie, this is a film still from it. howe meets lincoln in the white house, and lincoln needs her because he cannot get any recruits, so she writes a song and start circulating it, and suddenly lincoln has millions of recruits. this film was especially popular in the south. another example of the southern embrace of "the battle hymn of the republic" is that the university of georgia, from 1890 to today, its fight song is "the battle hymn of the republic." reconstructing "battle hymn" requires both remembering and forgetting. it also becomes a progressive anthem. teddy roosevelt's favorite hymn, favorite song, favorite poem was "the battle hymn of the republic." it is his notion of a strenuous life. he almost got "the battle hymn of the republic" passed as the official national anthem, but there were a few southern holdouts of people who did remember the link with "jo

the great ghost of the confederacy, his 12 euro son. this guy was a bad dude. grant leans back in his chair and takes a draw off of that stogie, blows the smoke into the air and says colonel, did you know in 1864 you were in five minutes of capturing me? mosby said no, i'm sorry. he says i had just come from seeing the president who made me general in chief of the army. i was on the train heading back to headquarters at culpepper. i just had my security staff and my staff officers with me. i didn't have a large contingency of soldiers. just a train engine and us. one of my officer saw a cloud of dust on the rails ahead of us. i had to stop the train and see what had caused that cloud of dust. major jones came back within five minutes and said he talked with the stationmaster, and coronal mass -- colonel mosby had been chasing our guys a few moments before. he said what you think about that? he looks back at grant without blinking and i and said mr. president, if i had been five minutes earlier, maybe i would be sitting in your chair and you would be sitting in

the independent states, regional confederacies but didn't think any government could be suitable. james monroe with the authority of anti-federalist opinions in that it would center around the missing bill of rights. while washington took the oath of office, two states, new york and virginia, were advocating for a new constitutional convention. in the words of james madison and george washington, they were terrified of this prospect. they believed it where do you lived be infiltrated by enemies of the new government and the constitution will be scrapped and done way with and our union would be fractured, never to come together again. the book goes to the french and indian war which is a conflict thought between the new world and in europe. the first true world war we ever had, between the french and the english and their allies. as a result of this war, the english expelled their opponent from the continent. but as a consequence they removed a check that kept their columnists in terror. free from the americans and french, the american colonists were not so reliant on great britain

it's the cradle of the confederacy and its also the place where many of the battles of the civil rights movement have displayed great but it is also a place where i think it could be a really important turning point in our conversation about race. i'm really concerned we haven't done a better job of confronting the history. this country never actually dealt with the legacy of slavery. at the end, slavery in america wasn't just about this. it ended and just turned into something else. it was a reconstruction of the world to offer them dominated but we dn't talk about that and that terrorism supportedthe humiliation on a dalia basis. i couldn't go to public school as a little boy on a regular basis by the law to the racial hierarchy and we haven't talked about that. the result of that help people and make it easier to have them convicted and so we have to do something in montgomery as a greater place to do that work. we were there in the civil rights and i'm hoping that we will be there in the current area where we get to change these issues and create some truth and reconciliation for th

it has a lot to do with jefferson davis's utter incompetence as president of the confederacy. it is not the lack of food in the south. it is a question of how you get food from north carolina and georgia and mississippi to be -- the troops. but wirz is in south georgia where food is available. food could have been commandeered. food could have been bought. the local women who simply wanted to bring fresh vegetables to the starving prisoners in andersonville could have been allowed to bring the food, or they could have brought them to the camp and the camp could have brought -- camp officers and soldiers could have brought them to the prisoners. freshwater could have been obtained in a variety of ways, one of which was to order the troops upstream to stop using this creek as a latrine. the other thing would have been to take a detail of prisoners every day and march them upstream, fill large barrels or buckets of water, and bring them down. prisoners could have marched all day long up-and-down bringing water. you would have freshwater. wirz does not do any of those things. inst

i don't see any consequence to the confederacy staying the way it is. and sometimes it isn't that neat. it's just the conclusions that people drew. they were in totally uncharted territory. it was a government unlike the world had ever seen and they came to different conclusions about it. madison and monroe, early inhabitats of the virginia colony, who had similar upbringings, both very well edge indicated. monroe at william and mary. madison at princeton. and they came to different conclusions. they served on something called the council of states, which was a plural executive. the colonists once they became free americans, were terrified of the executives. they didn't want to have just one governor. they put him with a council of state. madison and monroe both served on the council of state with the governors of virginia. they both served in the continental congress and in the congress of the confederation. they had almost will exactly the same resume, but they came to two totally different conclusions about this. and then the second question, thomas

but what you might not know is we were making uniforms for the confederacy. they would ship their cotton up to baltimore and made and be woven into uniforms, and because of that, we would send it by boat or by train. so yeah, we were making uniforms. it was an entrepreneurship. it was money to be made in it. but in the very beginning, the german jewish immigrants that were coming into baltimore by the thousands, were really responsible for starting the garment for the clothing business here. they would do the -- the folks would do the cutting here in a building like this and then the cloth would be sent home to their wives or daughters, and they would do some of the finishing and sewing in their basement or in their living room. and then bring it back into the shop here again to have the finishing touches put on. and that's where the original word of "sweat shop" came from, because they were working in some pretty bad conditions in the houses, and even also here in the building here. oh, to tell you one other thing i have to tell you this, and it's usually a

over over the installation in 1859 which is before he left the senate to become president of the confederacy was still in use as i first came here as a boy, when television and nuclear power were in their infaen si. -- infancy. and my friends, we enter rooms that clay and webster and calhoun seem only recently to have departed. we can almost smell the smoke of the fire of the british kindled in what is now senator lott's office burning down this building in august of 1814. incidentally if you smelled any smoke now, i must confess that when my late father-in-law ed dirksen was in office, he told me the fireplaces in the leaders' offices didn't work because they were sealed in the air conditioning of the capitol. i asked the architect of the capitol what it would take to make the fireplaces work? and the architect said, well, a match, perhaps. which is one of the few occasions that i found senator dirksen to be entirely wrong. so my dear friend randolph from west virginia and my good friend ed musky of maine with whom i helped write so much of the environmental and public works legislation in

here i have a replica, the nations of the confederacy can continue to exchange belts like this one as a sign of peace and friendship. this belt symbolises the inherent sovereignty of tribal nations, from time immemorial we have made treaties among ourselves, treaties with european nations and treaties with the united states of america. many generations ago, we did not share a common language but we did share a relationship of mutual respect and admiration. a belief that our futures will be closely intertwined. in 1744, represented from the earthquake confederacy had a recommendation from maryland, pennsylvania and virginia. he said "what ever befalls you, never fought out with one another, in this all of those who share common progress and prosperity may be work together to make progress together and build a brighter future for all americans together. when we uphold this trust we uphold what our nations have always upheld. god bless the tribal nations and the national congress of national americans and god bless you the united states of america and go seahawks. (applause) thank you fo

to become military officers and political leaders of the union and of the confederacy. this old chamber that they left behind is not just a smaller version of the current chamber. here the center aisle divides the two parties. but there are an equal number of deaths when you decide, count is 32 on one, 32 on the other. not because the two parties were evenly divided so much, but because there was not room to move desks back and forth depending upon the size of the majority as we do today. and that meant that some members of the majority party had to sit with the members of the minority. and it didn't matter to them. the two desks in the front row on the center aisle were not reserved for the majority and minority leaders as they are now because there were no party leaders at that time. no senator spoke for his party. every senator spoke for himself. there were recognized leaders among the senators, but only unofficially. everyone knew, for example, that henry clay led the whigs, but he would never claim that honor. clay generally sat in the last row. at the far end of t

the nations of the irkwoi confederacy continue to exchange belts like this one as a sign of peace. this recognizes the sovereignty of nations. from time in memorial we have made treaties among ourselves. treaties with the european nations and treaties with the united states of america. many generations ago we did not share a common language, but we did share a relationship of mutual respect and admiration and a belief that our futures would be closely intertwined. in 1744, kamassatago a representative from the irkwoi had a meeting. he said, and i quote, whatever befalls you never fall out with one another. the same wisdom applies to our nation to nation relationship today. in the spirit of billy frank junior and all those who share a common progress and common prosperity. may we work together to make progress together and build a bright future for all americans together. when we uphold this trust, we uphold the promise that our nations have always represented and the promise of brighter futures for generations to come. god bless the tribal nations and the national congress of ameri

alexandria and alexandra county are given back to virginia in 1846 which puts the confederacy at the doorstep of the union so subsequently abraham lincoln perhaps for understandable reasons although the historians are still debating it turns washington city into a police state. and a police state that has a lot of spies run by people like lafayette and baker and allen pinkerton. as has prisons including a prison across the street directly from the capital called the old capitol person which obviously used to be the site of the capital itself after the capital was birthed by the british in 1813. the old brick capitol, the old capital prison has a number of spies and provocateurs housed in it. often because of spies, someone informing on someone else and is well what do you find at the time is a huge military traffic coming in so churches are being ferried into the town livestock as well. washington monument which was incomplete at that time becomes grounds for military livestock military cattle and the slaughterhouses nearby. the mall in the center of town becomes home to a lot of ram

and stevens would become the vice president of the confederacy, but up to the last minute he was a unionist and is looking for lincoln to like make some gesture to the south and he says, a word fitly spoken by you now would be like apples of gold in pictures of silver. lincoln had already read that. he didn't need stephens to instruct them in the bible, but there it is in his mind. so later on when he's writing to himself he uses this phrase again, and he says that the declaration is the apple of gold, the constitution is the picture of silver. it's now the most eminent lincoln scholar of the last 60 years is harry jaffa. and he has used this phrase over and over again to say that the declaration is more important to lincoln and the constitution. certainly old is more valuable than silver. i mean it is. but the metaphor it's jewelry. you know the hebrew scholar and chancellor says pictures of silver means jewelry, like a jeweled framed. so the picture of silver protects the apple of gold you know, preserves it, it guards it. that's how we keep it. and indeed, lincoln says in this note, so l

. >> lyndonin lyndon -- "lincoln" filmed in the capital of the confederacy instead of washington, d.c> reporter: some feel d.c. is perfect for the industry. >> currently we're out of the game because we don't have available funds certainly not on a level that maryland and virginia has. >> reporter: and joseph martin has scouted washington for more than 20 years. he says it's not just movie jobs. >> when we do big shoots if we're down by lincoln memorial setting up tents, feeding the crew and actors there, we need port aegons, carpenters electricians, a whole army of people. >> reporter: tom sherwood ne >>> you can watch or see our list of the most obviously fake d.c. sets and share some of your own. that's on our nbc washington facebook page. >>> new evidence tonight of just how much of a difference sprinklers can make in a fire including video that shows clearly how they can save lives. >>> and advice every parent should hear after a tragic [ male announcer ] at northrop grumman, we know in the cyber world, threats are always evolving. at first we were protecting networks. then, we w

war conduct, called leibers code, just as the union was about to initiate hard war against the confederacy. the code included a section on nonkpat ants. code affirmed that advances in civilization required the distinction between private individuals belonging to a hostile country and the hostile country itself with its men in arms. while establishing the priority of protecting civilians, leiber's code included a clause about military necessity. sometimes the -- securing the ends of war demanded only -- targeted not only armed enemies but other persons whose destruction is incidentally unavoidable. while it shaped engagement in the south, historians debated the impact in indian country. they did not believe indabs were legitimate combatants and military officials argue tad the indian style of warfare and nomadic encampments made it difficult to defeat them and they authorized devastating attacks on entire villages which caused high rates of women and children casualties. even so protocols for the civilian leiber code reflected the attacks on women and children. responses to sand creek revea

as a matter of fact, when the war breaks out, many of the people who sympathize from the confederacy are from new york because they were losing money you know? this is an american institution. so, what we want to do this week in class, i want to look primarily at the attitudes of white americans toward race and slavery during roughly this time period. then we are going to start looking at african-americans and what they thought and that kind of thing. it's really not that hard to get at what the extremists thought about slavery. abolitionists, men and women who concluded very early on that slavery needed to go. frederick douglass, elizabeth cady stanton, the grimke sisters . they write their things down they are very loud about what they feel. we are when to look at these people and what they are thinking. they are pretty easy to get at. at the other end, the proslavery extremist. these people believe that slavery is not only a necessary thing, but a positive good. they actually believe god sanctioned slavery. they are not that hard to get at either. they write things down. they talk

assuming the role herself soon of first lady of the confederacy. however, mary lincoln's first battleground would be the inaugural ball. this invitational ball was held in a large tent dubbed the white muslin palace of aladdin where 5,000 would be on hand to rub shoulders and inspect the lincoln entourage. mrs. lincoln glided into view wearing silk bedecked with gold and diamonds and pearls while lincoln left at midnight his wife stayed on dancing into the night. she surprised the washington snobs. they commented on her exquisite toilette. the new york herald weighed in again, that's the newspaper, not our harold, she is more self-possessed than lincoln and is accommodated more readily than her taller half to the exalted station to which she has so strangely advanced from the simple social life of the little inland capital of illinois. she wore the pearls that her husband had bought her at tiffany's that night and shortly thereafter we find copies being made by washington jewelers for an the hoi polloi. like the proverbial cinderella after the ball

when the war breaks out, many people who sympathize with the confederacy are from the north.ortherners have their money sunk into this enterprise. this is an american institution. this week in class, i want to look at the attitudes of white americans towards race and slavery during roughly this time.. then we will look at african_americans and what they thought. it is really not that hard to get at what the extremist thought about slavery __ abolitionists. men and women agreed that slavery need __ needed to go. they write things down, they were very loud about what they feel. we will talk about these people. they are pretty easy to get at. at the other end, the proslavery extremists, these people __ pprimarily in the south __ believe that slavery is not only of necessary thing, but it is good. they actually think that god has sanctioned slavery. they are not that hard to get at either. they write things down and talk about their idea. the extremes on slavery, we will talk about them. what i want to get this week is the __ what you might call __ the mushy middle. the americans