he went out and find images in our collection of african americans fighting for the confederacy. if you look, are of course, not image that is contradict the subject, nice image that is have asterisks around them but interesting in the context of this. after the program if you're interested, i'm sure peter would be happy to talk more. he published two earlier books. he has also published numerous articles including things in "the new york times", the atlantic, washington post, very active in social media and has strong twitter presence as well as maintaining civil or memory blog. [applause] >> thank you, good evening, can you all hear me? before i get started i want to thank everyone at the massachusetts historical society for inviting me, this is -- this is a real honor, i'm thrilled to be able to speak here, i mean, this is a room where a couple of years ago i was doing research, it's really cool to be back talking about -- about this book. i don't think i need to remind anyone in the room that right now we are in the midst of a very public, very divisive, emotional debate abou

many people in south that were not on the side of the confederacy.in the confederacy was not an organized government that was founded. it never was an organized government recognized by anybody other than jefferson davis and vice presidential candidate who wrote his own speech. the niceties fought that war and his estate would have it, the united states won who but many years after the war, after the left and stop had protecting african-americans, after reconstruction after the become doctors and lawyers and governor of the statete of louisiana, we decided that the confederacy, saw it on the way it was going to be that we're going to make and take control of the power in this space in government and every other way we began to enact laws that continue to push people down based on race. don't need to tell you the whole history. i don't need to argue with youn' about it we don't really have much in common but i am suggesting to you the baby if people are open-minded and you would say through that in fact, went through a number of institutional and syst

it was a hospital town by 1864 for the confederacy. they had some more industry there, but it is one of the major transportation links the confederacy still has to move troops quickly in and out of the shenandoah valley. grant wants sigel to get to stanton, march up the valley and take stanton, and marching up the valley means marching south because of how the elevation goes. so who will be opposing franz sigel in this movement? meet john c breckinridge, acting as defender of the shenandoah valley and the confederates department. breckinridge was born january 16, 1821, attended several colleges, attempted to serve in the mexican-american war, but he saw no active combat. returning to his home state of kentucky, he served in the state legislature and will eventually serve in both houses of the u.s. congress. he also becomes the youngest vice president in american history, serving under james buchanan. in 1860, breckinridge runs for president. he will be one of the four candidates, lincoln, john bill, john breckinridge, and stephen dougl

ton the civil war came along join the confederacy, that is when west virginia called for separation. western virginians were very divided over slavery. region, what side they were involved in, there were brothers who one would fight for the confederacy and the other for the union. even though they wanted statehood, they wanted to become a separate state, the state of west virginia, they were very divided on slavery. we are now in the transportation section of the museum. just after statehood, west virginia, now that they are railroads,developing transportation routes. things about this time is the development in coal and oil and gas. those are natural resources west virginia had plenty of with the development of transportation. they were able to get those goods to market, and west virginia became a leader in the production of coal and oil and gas. river transportation was very important. one of the great things about west virginia as we developed the lock and dam system that enabled us to utilize our rivers to better get products out of the various areas and to market. is 12.5 see be

his name is steven reed, and he is now leading a city that was the first capital of the confederacy prioro the civil war. montgomery was also ground zero of the civil rights movement. dr. martin luther king jr.'s march from selma ended with a rally on the steps of the state capitol there back in 1965. jericka duncan joined reed on a tour of his city to see how far montgomery has come. >> ladies and gentlemen, i present to you the 57th mayor of the great city of montgomery, alabama. >> thank you. >> reporter: it's been a long time coming. >> because our hearts and our actions, i stand here in a position that many of those who were sold on the banks of the alabama river just a few feet from here could only have imagined. this is the culmination of those distant dreams. >> reporter: 45-year-old steven reed made history tuesday, becoming the first african american mayor in a city marred by an ugly history of racial injustice. >> we must be a city for everyone. we must not just talk about equality. we must act in the interest of equity. >> reporter: 63-year-old cheyenne webb attended the packe

chief powhatan of the algonquin confederacy at the time, before white folks arrived on the peninsula, has already determined this is a strategic place. they moved the capital from duringsburg to richmond the american revolution because this is a strategic place. washington will go past williamsburg on his way to yorktown because it is a strategic place. and the british in 1813-1814 during the chesapeake campaign will come to william bomer -- welcome to williamsburg because it is an important place and when the confederacy is born, they will look to williamsburg to build a defensive line because it is a offensive place -- because it is a strategic place. soldiersents of constructed earthworks at the highest point of the peninsula. soldiers arell's not necessarily excited about digging earthworks. to big plantation owners and say, lend us your slaves to dig your earthworks. plantation owners say no, and they get very few slaves to help dig the earthworks at williamsburg. so robert he leeson's engineers to williamsburg with this order. the civil officers will notify abel-bodied friedman

announcer: learn more about the ties between the native american confederacy and european settlers tonightt 8:00 on lectures in history. joined the classroom here on american history tv. next, on american history tv, university of new hampshire professor eliga gould delivers an address called "making peace in britain, ireland, and america 1778 to 1783. the efforts of several these commissions to end the revolutionary war and the events leading up to the 1783 treaty of paris. this talk was part of a three day conference cohosted i the museum of the american and the richard savon has foundation. >> good evening, all, and museum.to the this is third and chestnut street in philadelphia, just two blocks from independence hall. you are in the headquarters of the american revolution, some of e

there were a very perl full indian confederacy. the iroquois had similar power, like the chesapeake, and the -- in this very strategic territory between french canada, ontario, and dutch new netherland and ultimately english new york. they occupied this very strategic territory. diplomacy with the iroquois became very important to the french, dutch, and english to ur trade.their fi when the europeans engaged in this diplomacy with the iroquois, they had to learn something known as the condolence ceremony. i will tell you a little bit about how the condolence ceremony worked. when the iroquois league got together, usually on an annual basis to renew friendship and alliance between the member nations, they began their negotiations with each other by engaging in a condolence ceremony, whereby each nation offered its condolences to the other nations for losses they had suffered since the last time they met. somebody important had died, or perhaps there had been warfare with outsiders, casualties, and so forth. the opening message was c

craik-patton house to learn about two men, one who helped found the city and another who led troops to the confederacy in the civil war. >> today, we are going to talk about two gentlemen that lived here and had an impact on an expanding frontier, and not only in the city, but the region as a whole. here at the craik-patton house, located a mile and a half from is a greek, it revival architectural style home originally built in 1834. howard james craig was the grandson of dr. james craik, one of george washington's close personal friends and comrades during the french and indian war, revolutionary war, and throughout his term as president. james craik grew up in alexandria, virginia, so he decided to settle the land that his grandfather and george washington had discovered in the valley. charleston in 1861 was a city on the rise, and that was in part due to the salt industry just outside of town. prior to that, the charleston area was a militia outpost, fort lee, at the mouth of the old river. by the time that james craik had moved from his then mason county home to charleston, it had a population of

many people in the south were not on the side of the confederacy in the confederacy was not an organizedovernment with that was. it never was an organized government recognized by anyone other than jefferson davis it and his vice president who wrote the cornerstone speech. the united states fought that war unless they would habit the united states one but many years after the war and after the federal troops had left and stop protecting african-americans after reconstructions when they became doctors, lawyers are governor of the state of louisiana we decided in the confederacy that's not the way it's going to be and we were going to maintain control of the power in this space in government and every other way. we began to enact laws that continue to push people down based on race. i don't need to type history. i don't need to argue about it in for arguing we don't have much in common but i'm suggesting to that may be a people are would think through that in fact we went through a number of institutional and systemic attempts to make sure african-americans really did not enjoy the fact th

announcer: next, timothy shannon teaches a class on colonial era diplomatic ties between the iroquois confederacy and european settlers. he describes what treaty meetings would have looked like, the role of interpreters, and the importance of exchanging gifts. welcome, everyone. today we are going to talk about diplomacy on the early american frontier between native american peoples and european peoples. we will talk about some of the customs and protocols that governed that style of diplomacy and the objectives of both native american peoples and colonial peoples brought to those meetings. i have a painting from 1903 that is the big thing one such treaty conference that went on on the frontier of new york in the mohawk valley. you did a reading today that johnson, not am lot of contemporary american students of history know much about him, but he was a very interesting figure in the 18th century. an irish immigrant, settled on the mohawk frontier in 1740, and became very friendly with mohawk indians, who were his neighbors. ultimately, grained a great deal of influence among them and was appoint

pardoner for $2,000. [ beep ] the politician was the president of the confederacy-- jefferson davis.to you, nancy. uh, "how"-"d" for $400. evelyn? what is chowder? that's right. "how"-"d", $800. evelyn. what is "how you doin'"? that's it. [ jordan chuckles ] "how"-"d" for $1,200. jordan. what is flow drain? - no - [ jordan mutters ] evelyn or nancy? [ beep ] what are shower heads? - evelyn? - uh, $1,600. evelyn. what is a howdah? good. "how"-"d", $2,000. nancy. what's howland island? you got it. uh, around the mansion for $400. evelyn. what is snooker? good. operation, $400. nancy. what's caesarian section? that's it. uh, around the mansion for $800. listen. [ orchestral music playing ] jordan. - what is a waltz? - waltz. right. uh, mansion for $1,200. [ beep ] happens to be an elliptical. okay, uh, $1,600. evelyn. what is a solarium? that's it. operation, $800. evelyn. what is a bypass? that's right. operation, $1,200. jimmy has the clue for you. an organ isn't always removed and replaced. sometimes the new one is placed in the abdomen, above the leg, in patients receiving one of th

we have never really quite reckoned with the reality of the old confederacy.pite what many people think, this was a rebellion in the name of creating a slaveowning republic. that is what they said it was. they were not trying to beat around the bush. we are trying to protect slavery here. that's why were going to war. i am sympathetic to people, like, mississippi, johnny webb. their mascot is no longer johnny webb in a confederate uniform. i think he is now a brown bear or something. certainly, you know, i'm not saying take down every single statue of a confederate anywhere, that is an important part of the history of these regions. right now, the presentation presentation is totally one-dimensional. where are the statutes of the black leaders of reconstruction. they are part of southern history. again, if interpretation is a matter of power, so is deciding who gets a statue. this is a statement of power, not just history. white southerners who supported the union. plenty of them, too. james, you know, know, james, a major general could not get a statue at get

lincoln favored a more aggressive war against the confederacy and mcclellan, a moderate, wanted things to say the way they had been before the war. the thing that made it impossible for these two men to continue working together, the thing that ultimately led to mcclellan's dismissal was the fact that five days after the battle, lincoln had the victory for which he had been waiting. 1862, abraham2 of lincoln issued his preliminary emancipation proclamation, declaring that all of the slaves in the southern states and rebellion would be thenceforward and forever free. it was a military measure, a war order, it did not have a lasting solution for what happens once the war itself is over. it was a major step, though, toward freedom for millions of people in this country. it was a major step toward a future for this country, a future definition of freedom that was more inclusive in the united states of america. lincoln himself said that these individuals would be thenceforward and forever free. this painting, the depiction of lincoln and the first reading of the emancipation proclamation. t

yeah, i need i think we have never quite reckoned with the reality of the old confederacy.of this was despite what many people still think this was a rebellion in the name of creating a slave owning republic that's what it was. that's what they said it was, i mean, they weren't trying to beat around the bush. they were saying we are trying to protect slavery here, folksr. that's why we are going to war. i'm so pathetic to people who don't like you know in mississippi where they have johnny reb, mascot the guy who leadspi cheers is no longer johy reb in a confederate uniform and i think he's a brown bear or something now. yeah, certainly you know i'm not saying take down every single statue of a confederate everywhere peer that's an important part of history of these regions, but right now the presentation of history is totally one-dimensional pure where are the statues of the black leaders of reconstruction. they are part of southern history. again, if interpretation is a matter of power also is deciding who gets a statue and this is a statement of power, not just of histor

at one who helped found the city and another who led troops for the confederacy in the civil war.oday we will talk about two gentlemen who lived here. two gentle men who had an impact on an expanding frontier. not only the city, but the region as a whole. we are at the craig patton house located one mile and a health -- and a half from our house. it was originally built in 1834. he was the grandson of dr. james craik. frenchde during the indian war, the revolutionary war and throughout his term as president. ines craig grew up alexandria, virginia. he decided to settle the lanes his grandfather and george washington had discovered in the canal valley. in the 1820's, charlston was a city that was on the rise. that was in part due to the sought industry outside of town. prior to that, the charleston area would have been a militia out pours -- outpost. by the time james craik had moved from his then mason county home to charleston, it had a population of roughly 600 people. that included white, free and black and slaves. it was small -- a small town but a close knit society. james cr

southern white voters who were descended from those who oppose the civil war and supported the confederacy continued to vote democratic. decades or even a century befor before. >> that sounds like a jeopardy question. [laughter] next alabama republican line. >>caller: do you see any similarities when we look back from kennedy's assassination? a lot of protest and anti- american sentiment leading up to watergate for we had a huge turn out and vote for jimmy carter. do you see any similarities between bernie and elizabeth ward with jimmy carter and the china trade deal we gave away the panama canal and taking 14.2 percent interest out of credit unions with double-digit rate - - inflation so the deal that we have now it seems that they hate america withwi their rhetoric and then leaning back toward that jimmy carter do you see any similarities a cracks personally i will vote for bernie i think we need to have a change with the economy and they can bring america back around to commonsense economics. >> some of the examples of jimmy carter's policies during his p term in 1977 through 80 the dem

it turned the tide in favor of the confederacy when the css virginia emerged from the elizabeth river and sunk two major union warships. the cumberland and the congress. the union navy was in disarray, people were in the white house looking out the curtains, down the potomac, fearing this super weapon, as they would call the merrimack, would be there soon and the war would end in a confederate victory. all was to change as if magic, because, that evening, a ship that was called like no other ship before, in fact, one person said a sailor's eyes have never looked upon such a vessel. that is the uss monitor. the monitor is a very unusual vessel. it is made in three parts, the terror at six parts. the torrent turret sits on an iron deck. in the iron deck sits on a hall hull. everything is below the waterline. one of my favorite stories is when the crew first gets on, two people desert immediately because it is so different. they have all of these new devices. john erickson, the inventor, will have over 100 taxable items, of which 33 are patented, and he gives those patents to the u.s. na

command of all troops in the united states army, is told by lincoln to take the war to the confederacy. what he was granted to do, as we know. as we have heard, grant doesn't look the attacks and attacks. it has dramatic ramifications. campaign, the war department, abraham lincoln mandated there be 25,000-30,000 men at all times. specifically they have the artillery. they started spending some of the heavy audit -- sendinng some of the heavy artillery. they are depleting the defense of washington. showedbelieve clearly lincoln's evolution as commander-in-chief. he knows there is a lot on the line. he is trying to win the war. from the confederate perspective, at the end of june into july of 1864, pinned against richmond and petersburg. drew was just talking about him. this didn't just take the war to bart -- washington and baltimore , he had more immediate issues to deal with. that is going to be the union army of west virginia. literally coming up the rear right there. there'll be a confederate force under john breckinridge. his orders are to assist john breckinridge and drive the uni

don't go to there is some back-and-forth, fancy fancy but throughout the former restaurants all the confederacy, east, west, time but south, that is the question. this is like a possible with proper pub food like they do in like an interesting thing happens europe or there they make it a really big deal they have like a house staff and everything in west virginia, and this is and they have a new special getting well beyond the story like every overflown or facebook for that i am telling today, but i love that place so much every time on april 22, attorney general i'm in town i have to sneed issues a statement, and go grant had done this a few it's like a decent it's days before, saying confederates from loyal like a decent good price like you know when you look i mean i mean yeah like states no longer had homes, most plates like they're specials like the special meaning like they'll just do it for that one day maybe like 15 you know and unless they took the oath to 18 bucks will be backs and then there is meals that you can get for of loyalty, they could not go like back home. so if they are fr

breaking off from the union, california begins thinking we could do that to we don't have to join the confederacybecause it was so far from the rest of the country it took a month for the news to get back and forth and that's why the transcontinental railroad was built. until the republicans in congress passed the bill they were thinking maybe we will take that data with us because it had been discovered so they could spin off but once they were promised a railroad, then the people that took four months to get up to california could imagine getting back and forth in ten days and that changes everything. another question perhaps -- [laughter] >> i don't know quite how to phrase this question, but to me the american west as a gift with the most open land. in the open lands held we keep the depreciation or with a unique place this is? >> on the premise of the question the west have always been the region of america's future and from the very beginning when farmers had kids and they didn't have befor a cad they would move west. horace greeley said go west. they turned within africa to the east but we

the ruler of the islamic world would call himself confederacy would have no successor goldsmiths and. through the centuries. the title of caliph is a term that has been used. and the time of use. in june 2004 to. a militant group calling itself the islam ecstacy in iraq in the event or i so. declared the establishment of a kind of. a call rejected by most muslims around the world. meisel took root and expanded in iraq and syria. 2 countries flung into violence by the political turmoil and foreign intervention of recent years. the turmoil revived sectarian differences the goldbach of 10 centuries between sunni and shia almost. the you don't look at them as us yes you're nuts and if you look at the. did he end up so i just miss not talking for all to send it all took is a certain element of it that the public i'm not you know as a human you know. this is the story of the great split within islam. of how the split a role is from a dispute of who should succeed the prophet. this is the story of the common. the mosque. outside mecca and saudi arabia. it was here in the year 622 that a dele

voters who were descended from people who opposed the civil war, who had been supportive of the confederacy and many but not all cases continue to vote democratic off of that experience, decades and even a century before. host: that sounds like a jeopardy question. let's go to greg from alabama, republican line. good morning. do you see any similarities when we look back, you saw the parties take a little change in the voting back from kennedy's assassination to the vietnam war. protests, a lot of anti-american sentiment and we ended up going through watergate, we had a huge turnout to vote for jimmy carter. do you see any similarities bernie's and elizabeth warren with jimmy carter? canal, iway the panama think i paid 14.25% interest at our credit union for a vehicle. with the ideals that we have the lefteems progressive's hating america with some of the rhetoric and we are leaning back toward that jimmy carter. do you see any similarities in that swing? personally i'm going to vote for bernie. i think we need to have a change and have a tough time and bring america back around to common s

buckley junior's mother was a proud father of the confederacy who came from new orleans old money. so you have data, new money, mom, old money, the key word is money. lots and lots of money. with that money, the buckley is that something you would expect. they purchased 47-acr a 47-acree in connecticut they called the great elm. but they really devoted a lot of their resources to the education of their children. buckley and his nine siblings received within their home sort of in homeschooling a very elaborate liberal arts education. one of buckley's sisters describes in this way, i won't read it all because it gets a little bit absurd, but one of his sisters says that the children received instruction in apologetics, art, ballroom dancing, banjo, birdwatching, building codes i boats in bottl, calligraphy, canoeing, she goes on in alphabetical order down to tennis, swimming, typing and wood carving. now the sort of things they were learning in math we are important but what's more important is the worldview that they were taught. the buckley is, the family was dominated by two parti

live in today, until people understand what confederate monuments men's, they were less about the confederacy more about the struggle to maintain segregation. we wanted to make sure this museum would provide reconciliation and healing but you can't do that without grappling with the unvarnished truth. the unvarnished truth was the first step in helping a country confront its tortured racial past. we felt that was crucially important for this museum. >> in terms of the obstacles you had to overcome, there is an anecdote about a congressman here who was generally a great supporter of the smithsonian but had second thoughts about all this. he expressed reservations to the secretary of the smithsonian about the museum's existence just prior to the groundbreaking in 2012. i was concerned so i made my way to his office. clearly uncomfortable the congressman applauded my efforts but stated quite strongly that he did not believe there should be a black museum for black people on the national mall. he talked about his belief that segregation was wrong but then revealed supporting the idea for a museum

craik-patton house to learn about two men, one who helped found the city and another who led troops to the confederacy in the civil war.

voters who were descended from people who had opposed the civil war, who had been supportive of the confederacy in many but not all cases continued to vote democratic off that experience, decades and even a century before. >> that sounds like a jeopardy question. let's go to greg. thank you for joining us from huntsville, alabama, republican line. good morning. >> do you see any similarities when we look back, you saw the parties take a little change, and the voting take a little change back from kennedy's assassination to the vietnam war, we saw a lot of protests, a lot of anti-american sentiment, and we ended up as we come through watergate, we had a huge turnout and vote for jimmy carter. jimmy carter, you know -- do you see any similarities between the bernies and the elizabeth warren with jimmy carter? we ended up with a bad china trade deal, gave away the panama canal. i think i paid 14.25% interest at a credit union for a vehicle. we had double digit inflation. with the ideals that we have now, where, you know, it seems to bring left progressive as hating america in some of their rhetori

. >> a young african-american leader brings change to the cradle of the confederacy and the civil rightsement. i speak with montgomery, alabama's first black mayor, steven reed.it and "cen k," a documentary, tracks the journey of mikhail khorkovsky, from russia's richest man to putin's greatest nemesis. i speak to him and to the oscar-winning director, alex gibney. then -- >>> they absolutely were out there to bring terror to people. >> a true believer breaks away from her hate-spewing church and family.

we don't necessarily have to join the cop fed rassi -- confederacy, we could just spin off and form aacific republic. it was so far from the rest of the country that it took a month for news to get back and forth, and all sorts of things could happen. and that's why the transcontinental railroad's built, to keep california in the union. because until the republicans in congress passed a bill funding a transcontinental railroad, california was thinking about we'll leave, and we'll take nevada with us. so that whole western slope could p ship off and become a specific republic. but once california was promised a railroad, then those people who took four months to get out to california could imagine getting back and forth. oh, wow with. that changes everything. another question, perhaps -- [laughter] yes. >> so i don't know how to frame this question, but, to me, the american west is a gift, and it's the place with the most open land. obviously, we're arguing on how to live on that land. but i wonder if, to me, it's such a gift that this country has what the american west has. i mean, in

that this is a group the new york confederacy and things like that and then they would focus on that. different groups would have a different niche. national socialist movement is said religion was for home and family that is one of the most divisive things in the movement early on between christian identity atheist, all of these different things. not giant clashes they are ideological to say once the war breaks out because they don't believe. in our god. and so for us in our structure so you have different levels. >> thank you. can we talk about spreading of the message so what about the extremist messages how do you use that t to your advantage knowing what they could tour could not do quick. >> and with that jihadist and that just emulates but some that we espouse publicly so they put us on cnn and fox news but we concentrated we knew if we could get the anti- islamic to have more awareness to arm us at the ammunition to create that further divisive polarization and if we had anti- muslim sentiment we could confirm they were waging a war against islam. so wasn't so much the mainstr

jefferson davis became the president of the confederacy. >> did they ever speak again? don't think so after the war. i'm not, i would have to look that up, not sure. i kind of doubt it. >> that's a radical example. >> yes, it is. it is a radical example. look, us not forget that there are such things. >> robert robert f. kennedy -- >> but let's also hope and i think with reason that we are not in a similar situation now because that was over slavery. that was over the worst problems this country has ever had, except maybe getting -- long-running effects are still being with, okay. everything else may be we can manage it as seward and davis were before the guns went off. >> we have a wonderful new example, ginsburg and scalia. they were beloved friends, very close friends -- >> opera fans. >> they a great about nothing politically obviously, although scalia did send his opinions to ginsburg in advance. they really loved each other. >> he took her hunting. >> no, he took elena kagan -- >> all, he didn't take -- >> there was an opera about them i think called scalia ginsbu

william f buckley junior's mother was the proud daughter of the confederacy who came from new orleans, old money. you have dad, new money, mom, old money, the key word is money. lots and lots of money. with that money the buckleys did some things you expect, they purchased a vast estate in connecticut they called great film. they devote a lot of resources to the education of their children. buckley and his siblings received homeschooling, a very elaborate liberal arts education was one of buckley's sisters described in this way. it gets a little bit absurd but eloise, one of his sisters says the children received instruction in apologetics, art, ballroom dancing, banjo, birdwatching, building boats and bottles, culinary, canoeing, she goes on enough medical order down to speech, tap dancing, tennis, typing and wood carving. the sorts of things buckley's were learning in that way are important but what is more important is the world sees that they were taught. the buckley family was dominated by two particular systems of thought. one was a devout rigid hierarchical brand of catholicism

in the ohio river valley in the 1790's when nations were gathered there and they were a separate confederacyrom the united dates and british canada, they referred to as people of the east because -- they refer to mohicans as people of the east. based on the constantly moving dynamics, relationship between people. ask more than anything else today what it would mean to think about shifting our sense of region in ways that may not center human beings. and i'm drawing on indigenous customs.- what does it mean to belong to a as the leader talked about in the 1730's. and how will that change our shavings of the koch and a if we are looking at watersheds. and what has happened when rivers move. rivers are always moving. i am thinking here also of the incredible work that is being done now to map the mississippi river including some of the work cartographer, it is doing that is centering them assisted the -- the mississippi as a dynamic space. i also want to have us think about the ocean waters as josh reed has done. really centering movement within oceans. way oceans conserve serve as connecting s

the ohio river valley, in the 1790's when nations were gathered there and they were a separate confederacy from the united states and british canada, they referred to mohicans as people of the east. because those were their relatives to the east. this idea of east and west shifts based on where we are positioned and based on the constantly moving dynamics, relationships between people. i want to ask more than anything else today what it would mean to think about shifting our sense of region in ways that may not center just human beings. and i'm drawing on indigenous concepts coming out of the language to do this. i really want us to ask, what does it mean to think about regions in terms of river ways? what does it mean to belong to a river as the leader talked about in the 1730's. and what would it mean to change our shaping of areas of the continent looking at watersheds and what has happened within watersheds and what has happened when rivers move? rivers are always moving. i am thinking here also of the incredible work that is being done now to map the mississippi river, including some

going okay, this group like leak of the south, for example, this is a group that focus on neil confederacy and things like that. they would focus on that and that was sort of their niche. so different groups would have different needs. niches. the national socialist movement and a lot of them have religion before us are handbook, it said religion was for home and family. because i found that one of the most divisive things in the movement early on was the religious thing, whether it was between jihadism and christian identity, regular christianity, catholics, atheist, creators come all these different things and they were all fight against each other, not, you know, china clashes or anything like that like you do in congress but ideological clashes within the movement building where some of them would say well, when civil war breaks out we're going to go take care of these guys. if they don't believe in our god, so i saw it as a very divisive thing and for us we kept it sort of in-house. so we didn't have, and our structure, our structure was set up more like in a ranked militaristic type

professor timothy shannon teaches a class on colonial era diplomatic ties between the iroquois confederacyean settlers. he describes what treaty meetings would have looked like, the role of interpreters, and the importance of exchanging gifts. timothy: welcome, everyone. today, we are going to talk about diplomacy on the early american frontier between native americanpl

going ok, , this is a group that is -- think of the south, this is a group that is focused on neo-confederacy and things like that. they would focus on that and that was their niche. different groups would have different niches. the national socialist movement, and a lot of groups that have religion, for us and our handbook, it said religion was for home and family. i found that one of the most divisive things in the movement early on was the religious thing. whether it was between odenism, christian identity, regular christianity, catholics, atheists, creators. all these different things and they would all fight against each other. not giant clashes or anything like that, like in medieval times, but ideological clashes within the movement where some of them would say, if war breaks -- when the civil war breaks out, we will take care of these guys, because they don't believe in our god. i saw it as a very divisive thing. for us, we kept it in house. we didn't have, in our structure, our structure was set up more like ranks, militaristic type of structure like the army. you had different level

one is there's a direct line from the confederacy to the fascist in the white house today. and the other is that white supremacy and capitalism are one in the other. i dedicated my life to revolution and to drive trump/pence regime from power, not through the democrats but through people taking to the streets. i'm working on that right now. you can talk to me about it. but for this program, what about this question of the relationship between white supremacy and capitalism? what does your research bring to bear on that including the fact that there's been struggles to deal with that? reconstruction was a concentration of it? the 1960s, '70s was another concentration. but what comes out of each of them is not only -- is rejuvenated white supremacy continuing to rule and the regression that we're dealing with now because, you know, the president talking about go back where you came from to people who are u.s. citizens including one who's an african-american who where's she supposed to go back to? i remember that from when i was a teenager coming now. so, basically the questio

country back, backwards, before the civil war, and he wanted to give the southern whites, the former confederacy the war had been fought, not only to abolish slavery, but to get rid of the pernicious effects of slavery and make the country free and fair and, you know, and equal citizenship for all. but johnson stood in the way, really, of civil rights for the former enslaved people, 4 million of them. and then, of course, he wanted to deny them political rights as well. so, there's a through line there, but he was also a demagogue. he called his enemies -- i mean, he called for their execution. he called the press the enemy of the people. he denied the legitimacy of congress, he obstructed justice, he abused his power. i think that's, you know, quite a mouthful, actually. there's quite a bit that he did. >> other than hosting a reality show, it sounds like the same guy. >> exactly, exactly. and good thing he didn't have twitter, but he did have rallies. he went and he wanted to bring his case to the people. and you know, even though he said he loved the constitution, it didn't even seem to be un

questions about the direction the country would take and what term was the 11th state of the former confederacy be allowed to reenter the union? so in other words so that 11th state waging war against the union be welcomed back into the house and the senate as if they had never succeeded? what were the terms for reentry? remember, congress gets to decide the qualifications of its own members. andrew johnson when he came to be president after the assassination refused to call a special session of congress to decide these matters and decided to reestablish southern state governments pretty much single-handedly by executive proclamation and furthermore he argued since the constitution for this secession, the union had never been dissolved. that is why they said murder is against the law lincoln was never assassinated but to johnson's way of thinking they that pledge the former government with the rights and privileges were stored as soon as the government was deemed loyal. they had to renounce the session and accept the abolition of slavery and swear allegiance to the federal government. but that