daughters of the confederacy in the early 20th century as an expression that they expected and wanted to maintain america as a white supremacist country in the intro it's black people throughout all of these airlines was never considered and i just want to go on this point of you know culture is she i mean we talk about the wrecking of culture all the time and i think that's a misunderstanding of the term culture is not static i mean what we believe now versus 100 years ago i think is drastically different and has progressed to a large degree and i think that's a good thing and so when people talk about preserving heritage well we have to be honest about what that heritage just and since the mid 20th century america is a very different place as far as diversity than it was prior to $965.00 so the degree to which any of these monuments represents the communities under which they were placed is now questionable and i think within this particular moment communities are rising up because they feel that they have an actual voice and input that is now salyut those who are leading clear how

actually represent the antithesis of the confederacy west of jess that for some of the people who are pulling down these statutes there is no moral ethic at all i mean it begs a question as to how one can claim a promote the taking down of a statue of jefferson davis for example i also promote the taking out of a statute that celebrates the emancipation of slavery or of slaves or other that is a contradiction in terms that suggest and illiteracy as you say and actually supports the professor's point that there has been there does need to be an indictment of the educational system in this country but what a much more much more consistently and much more thorough than perhaps we thought of not just to the extent that we critique obviously and condemn the confederacy but to the extent that people are even aware that you know frederick douglass and dr martin luther king jr invoked thomas jefferson in order to criticize thomas jefferson and so we need to be educated not only on the historical facts along the complexity in nuance of the our our statesmen and women who lead us so i agree wit

us actually horrendous and recent it made it very clear what the intention wasn't honoring the confederacy and it was deliberately white supremacy now when the protesters asked for it to be removed or when they actually removed it themselves there was a deal struck between the university administration and a local group of those who were sympathetic to the confederacy memory so wish it was going to be over a $1000000.00 to essentially preserve the monument that was going to be i think they are the taxpayers expense is or through that's a wish and it was paid by the students so i understand the argument that communities should decide but on the other hand it seems that it's a number of people who are at the top who are making these decisions are more interested in just getting the problem away and willing to donate money for that which i don't think represents the community's interests and i think that's a disservice to history is well ok i mean like i said in my introduction we don't remember a thing just fairness ows you to feel good about something we actually remember most things becaus

monuments and museums tell the truth about the confederacy. it's just that i think what's happened within the united states is that government funding has not been sufficient to actually sell the history of the united states for those who go to these places to try to learn about it so what i see with what young people are doing is that they might be destroying monuments as a way to get attention to i think larger issues this might be symbolic and literal toppling the confederacy in its nunnery but also ensuring that structural change is actually implemented by the government it's clearly what about the federal statues because we've been talking all about statues that are in cities and. they're under a local administration and troll and this is turning into a really heated debate right now because some of these doctors are are federally owned and they're protected in the taxpayer subsidises them how do we deal with that i mean would you like to see congressional action an executive order how would you see this play out. yeah i mean it's an inte

, who doesn't trying to confederacy. he's from tennessee. look at things that by putting johnson on the ticket, he will get votes in the border states who were mad at him for the emancipation proclamation. he puts johnson on the ticket and now johnson is president. very quickly, let's just quickly give you some sense of who johnson was because it will play a big role in what we end up with the 14th amendment. johnson is born in raleigh north carolina in a log cabin. this is a recreation, but literally into a log cabin. his family is quite poor. his mother is a hotel laundress. she does not have money to send him to school. then it each ten, she binds him as an apprentice to a tailor. both him and his brother. when you were bound as an apprentice, what that meant is that you went and lived and worked for someone who knew a skill or a trade and who agreed to train you in that skill. but in return during that time, you were very much like an indentured servant in that your so called master would tell you when you go to work

the birthplace of the american confederacy.all of my books, this book began as what i thought was a very small idea. and that was the question again, trying to explain how today's republican party became so attached to the confederacy which is really counterintuitive if you think about. confederates were people who tried to destroy america it was a rebellion against the united states government. so why is it 21st century american political party has so identified with that particular movement? one of the things that is fascinating about the material that i covered in this book is the way it looks at the american west. many think american west and they think of it as land of freedom where anybody could become prosperous and control usually his destiny. what's interesting to me about the material in this book was that it suggest that opposite was true that that image was a deliberate attempt to justify society that put a few white men on top e these, of course, symbolized by american cowboy guy who had his wife or women in the up

and it is, the best way to think of lost cause ideology was its glorification of the confederacy as amassive misinformationcampaign . and northerners proved susceptible to that misinformation campaign again because of the persistence of racism in the north . they proved sorta receptive to that misinformation campaign because in a very cynical way, what southerners caused chaos through violence and propaganda in the south and then suggest that the only answer to the chaos is to go back to the way things were before. so it's a sort of self fulfilling prophecy that white violence and propaganda of the postwar period is meant to wear northerners out and itdoes . it's suggestive of a piece abandoning the hope of deliverance and i mean, we can see this again that the cynicism of it is quite telling, but just to give one angle or way of thinking about this, northerners , some sort of what's the way to put this, don't get into lost cause ideology easily. there always counter narratives or one cause ideology emphasizes the union cause was righteous, that only one of the two parties should occu

under the production on whether to be an stand the production of the united states to join the confederacy made a decision. they would form a new confederate government and vital national capital to be removed to the city of richmond, virginia. butler takes command and virginia leaves the union. during all this, three brave individuals, baker carlson, mallory would steal a ship, row across the chesapeake bay. present themselves at the gate of the american soldiers and say were runaway slaves seeking to be refugees and protected. they were invited into the four. the very next day, major butler interviewed the three individuals and he found out that these individuals were being used for the the confederate army to build trenches and to do chores around the confederate camp. that same day, the owners of these individual slaves came to retrieve them citing the fugitive slave act, which was the law of the land in the united states it said if you had a runaway slaves, you had to return to their owners. benjamin butler being a lawyer that he was in his former life said this, so you're quoting uni

i've had this argument with a lot of sons of the confederacy. you are dishonoring my great grandfather. i said your great grandfather was drafted. he did not want to go. they had to come and find him under the wagon and then he deserted. so just how much do you want to honor this? he wasn't about honor, he got forced into it. we forget that the south was divided. when you take all the black soldiers who fought for the union that came from the south in every state has a regiment of white soldiers who fought. in those who fought ran off to tennessee and joined union things. we've created this myth of the unified white southerner who is committed to slavery and all the other things. it just was not true. >> i will let you win this one. >> i don't have to win. we can disagree. but i think we are playing into people's hands when we say -- i really do believe, maybe -- most people don't agree, but i do think an elite group of slaveowning and many who had visions of empire, slave empire and spreading slavery because everywhere in the world except the u

the confederacy was a branch. if you think of the country as a river, it was sort of a branch that went off to nowhere. there was nothing they can contribute to us that we can't get from some other place. and it is not what we stand for. their values are not values that we stand for. african chattel slavery, the inferiority, they specifically repudiated jefferson and the declaration of independence. alexander stephens did. so, we could do without them. the founders are different because they found a the country. -- they founded the country. it is hard for me to think of living in a place without telling the story or actually commemorating, not celebrating. when you think of what a statue is about, to me, it is not about, this was the greatest -- this was our god, this was the greatest person ever lived or whatever. it is about recognizing that this person did something important. and i think founding the united states -- there are some people who don't think it was a good idea -- but, if you think it was a good id

the high command of the confederacy, of course, does not want african-american soldiers in the field. they are offended by this. but they absolutely refuse to treat them as white soldiers. and this complicates exchange dramatically. sutton says at the time that black soldiers cannot be recognized in any way as soldiers, subjects of the rules of war, and they absolutely refused to exchange african-americans/ -- exchange african-americans. this gets worse as time goes on because not only is the confederacy refusing to exchange any african-american soldiers they take, but reports start to get back to union authorities that many men are shot in the process of surrender, the cash to rate among african-americans that are incarcerated is very high. over the course of the war, over are taken, which is really a small number of those that the number should reflect. and, of those that do go into captivity, only 35% -- i'm sorry, 35% dying captivity. -- so, lincoln'response lincoln's response at the time is to help exchanges. meansld exchanges, that both sides now have the burden of taking care o

he refused to serve the confederacy during the civil war, but he came to the service of the state of missouri, and served among other positions as a general of the militia. he was instrumental in an acting the defensive offensive treaty, which i'm not sure what that means, but it sounds like a general treaty with the confederacy. athink they are trying to say defensive treaty but they wanted to say they could be offensive if they wanted to. that was a joke. uckle] i will come back to the bleeding kansas era. they told me this is not something you have to spend a lot of time about, bleeding kansas. you touched on it and other programs but i think it is crucial to understand what happened to david rice atchison. you have to know his involvement. first it starts with the cans and oppressive act -- the kansas nebraska act. stephen douglas gets the credit, and atchison said in speeches he was the person behind the kansas nebraska act. did he write this critical bill or was he the push behind it? he was the person likely driving the southern states at this point. we can think of as the god

he could have any position in the confederacy. when he full-tiinally admitted himself after many people had saw it, that the kansas cause was futility, in 1858, he retired going to his farm in clinton county. he would be pulled back to serve with the missouri militia and used his contacts to benefit the state by forging a defensive alliance with the confederacy. late in the civil war his path literally disappears, just as he would do later. finally resurfacing, he owned a farm in texas where he stays for at least a couple of years weary of returning to his family property in missouri. during this time period, he writes some letters to his brother, still in missouri, and you can see there's this dual thing going on again, he's concerned about his property and how missourians around them are being able to keep their property, but he's writing what to do with the slaves that he has with with him in texas. and he points out that no one desires them, and he is afraid to let them go, because he doesn't think that there is any way that t

he refused to serve the confederacy during the civil war, but he came to the service of the state of missouri and served among other positions as a general of the missouri militia. he was instrumental in enacting the defensive offensive treaty, which i'm not sure exactly what that means, but it sounds like a general treaty with the confederacy. i think it's they are trying to say a defensive treaty but they wanted to say they could be offensive if they wanted to. that was a joke. i will come back now to the bleeding kansas era. i'm not going to spend a lot of time on that, they told me this isn't something you have to spend a lot of time about bleeding kansas, you find a touched on it and other programs but i think it is really crucial to understand what happens to david rice addison atchison. you have to know is involvement. first we start with the kansas nebraska acts as i just mentioned. well stephen douglas gets the credit, atchison said in numerous public speeches that he was the person behind the kansas nebraska act. did he write this critical bill or was he the push behind it?

unoccupied high office in the confederacy. most important of them was of course alexander stevens, the vice president of the confederacy. so the state governments that are formed in the south of full of these former confederate symptoms still weren't wearing or confederate uniforms generals. dissenting the same guys back to congress under johnson's plan. andrew alexander stevens is elected senator from georgia. so -- than any other country these people might have been executed or jailed. in fact some people were jailed for crimes committed against the united states government. jefferson davis was governed jailed for sometime. but none of them really suffered. jefferson davis writes a siege memoir saying that it is olive states'rights and had nothing to do the same slavery, the civil war. they propagated their own views and they're really not punished that hard. do you have a question? >> jeremy yeah. the 13th amendment originally stated there should be no slavery accept as a punishment for crime. so how significant did that pl

and occupied high office in the confederacy. the most important was alexander stevens, the vice president of the confederacy. soez the state governments formed in the south are full of these former confederates. some still wearing their confederate army uniforms as generals. they're sending these same guys back to congress and to johnson's plan. alexander stevens is elected senator from georgia. anyone, that notion of vin ti d vindictive and harsh republic republicans, in any other country, they would be jailed, and some were jailed for crimes committed against the united states government. jefferson davis was jailed for some time, but none of them really suffered. jefferson davis writes this huge memoir after he's released saying it was all about states' rights, nothing to do with slavery, the civil war. they're all there to propagate their own views and they're really not punished that harsh. did you have a question? jeremy. and then i'll come to you, ryan. >> yeah, the 13th amendment, like, originally stated there shall be no

the lost cause of the confederacy that says our negroes were happy and the war was a war for aggression, states southern independence and over states rights, wasn't over slavery, and on and on it goes. textbooks were changed to reflect the lost cause. our men were noble and fought their in the right side and the right thing. and i believe it put us where we are today, this lost cause of the confederacy, and i think the working title for the book is charlottesville, so i to know what will happen with it. just have a mass -- like with kent state, masses of material for this and it changes so much. i just trying to keep up with it, thinking, wow, i need that. i need that. that's what i am working on. thank you, debra. >> as just as i thought about kent state i have thought about this new book, too. >> a companion to kent state. i decided it's going to be a companion. i mentioned that in our proposal. so, i think it will be an interesting audio book as well. i don't know if it will be exactly that formal -- format. it will be a kind of a conversation. we'll see. a lot of material. trying to

if virginia could have been kept out of the confederacy, the confederacy wouldn't have been anywhere near what it finally did become. so next? >> thank you so much for speaking. in your opinion, was the civil war inevitable and if so, at what point does that take a turn so that it is no longer avoidable and i'm curious your thoughts about see ward, if he won the nomination in 1860, if he or lincoln had lost the election, fort sumter, if there's any way that could have all been avoided. thank you. >> i think i will reverse your questions also. lincoln was chosen as the candidate with the expectation that he was more electable, that he might have greater appeal in the states of the lower north that republicans had not carried in 1856. he was ideally positioned and i he was generally felt to be less tinged with radicalism than seward. seward had used this phrase about a higher law than the constitution and also spoke about an irrepressible conflict. and the managers from the lower north, the hardheaded republican guys who knew how to count said we want lincoln not seward. so it's ironic

i know some people would disagree but gettysburg was a desperate prove by the confederacy, robert e. lee trying to get a victory on home soil. and his biggest purpose for that would have been to bring in european help from the south. a lot of people in the south, a lot of leadership in the south were really counting on bringing in france and england on the side of the south to go against the united states. and, you know, one of my research topics was a french nobleman who right up until the very end of 1865 was hoping to bring france in on the side of the confederacy. what these northern -- i'm sorry, what these european powers was looking for was to see if the south had a chance of winning or at least coming up with a negotiated truce. that's what lee was doing. it would have been a great victory on northern soil. it might have persuaded some foreign powers to at least recognize the confederacy as a -- as an independent government. but that fell through. so it was a little bit delusional, i think, or very delusional, but that was the big goal. and once you lost that, the war still g

in 1877, the political compromise removed northern troops from the former confederacy. that allowed it white society to begin a campaign of removing the civil rights that african-americans had received at the very end of the civil war and re-creating slavery by another name. a segregated society, what we have come to call jim crow. the initial elements had changes in state laws that limited the rights of african-americans, limited their right to move, to vote, limited their rights to serve on juries, limited their economic rights. but it simply wasn't the imposition of new laws. it was the support of those laws by a reign of terror. quite frankly, and the symbol of that terror has come to be the ku klux klan, but the klan was not the only element of terror. it was a broadly societal effort optimized by the clan. founded in 1865, the was klan was established to form new kinds of law and the creation of a new type of white supremacy. african american society was attacked on all levels, not simply physical violence, but psychologically and intellectually and the denial of

so with that test they do not make the cut had the confederacy one the constitution would have been broken up if you believe what they said and what they were fighting for it would be the situation and protection of human enslavement. let's leave redemption to god but not use the public land to try to commemorate something that would have brought the america that so many of us believe in and want to make more prevalent that and did that experiment. these are complicated questions my own view is what we have to ask is what was in the hearts and minds of the people who put the monuments up? a moment about a more union to create the 13 and 14 and 15 amendment? or was it about celebrating in order of life found the pregnant not a - - be pregnant in real time and there has to be conversations about those non- confederate figures in order to reach a rational judgment and that is where once again the american connection with reason and no passion at her best we can of reason and a fighting chance with the past and present we affirmatively have decided that reason and emphasis on the individual as

the lost cause of the confederacy that says negroes were happy and the war of northern aggression was a war for southern independence and it was over states rights, it wasn't overslavery . and on and on itgoes . textbooks were changed to reflect the lost cause. our men were noble and fall for the right side and the right thing and i believe that it put us where we are today . this cause of the confederacy and i think the working title for the book is struggle still so i don't know what's going to happen area and i just have masses of material for this and it's changed so much that the landscape is shifting right now so much and i'm just trying to keepup with it . oh well, i need that and i need that. so that's what i'm working on area thank you debra. >> just as i thought a lot about kent state i certainly have thought about that in this new book to. >> i look at it as a companion to "kent state" area i think i mentioned that but i think it will be an interesting audiobook as well . i don't know that it's going to be exactly in that format at all but i think it will be something that

virginia could've kept out of the confederacy the confederacy were not been anywhere near what it finally did become. so next. >> thank you so much for speaking. in your opinion, was the civil war inevitable and what point did take a turn where it is no longer available. here's your thoughts about seward, if he had won the nomination in 1960 if lincoln lost the election, if there's any way that could've all been avoided. thank you. >> all reverse your questions also. lincoln was chosen as a candidate with the expectation that he was electable, he might have greater appeal in the states of the lower north then republicans and not carried in 1856. he was ideally positioned, and generally fell to be less tends to its radicalism and seward. he used his famous phrase about a higher law than the constitution. you get also spoken about an eerie precip conflict the managers from the lower north, the hardheaded republican guys who knew how to count said we want lincoln not seward. it's ironic that seward was in this awkward position, lincoln immediately tapped him the same way obama did hillary cl

behind the store, he would look out and realize that the american civil war was over and that the confederacy was no longer part of the historic narrative of the united states. we have taken a tour all the way through the civil war but there is so much more to see. in the early 20th century, fort monroe becomes an important training ground for the military. it is here that a most every artilleryist was trained. it would become a defensive position for the chesapeake bay, showing some of the most modern weapons of our time. later, fort monroe would become the center of training and command for the united states army. the rest of the history talks about not only the military history but the social aspects of port comfort here at fort monroe. you'll learn how the social aspects of virginia merged with the military aspects of fort monroe. this is a living and breathing and viable community and would stay until its closure in 2011. >> you can watch this and other american artifacts programs by visiting our website, c-span.org/history. >> the c-span cities tour travels the country exploring the ame

the united daughters of the confederacy, talk about with those women did. not just the monuments, but the textbooks, the highways, all of it, then look at the dedication speeches. the individual ones. start there. start at the beginning. mr. levin: you have laid out a couple of things already. to review a little bit, when we have these different periods of memorialization, immediately after the war where the ladies memorial associations, white women of the south, placing them mainly in cemeteries. the early memorialization, for the most part, cemeteries to commemorate the dead. they are not intended as public statements, although they are in a way, right? by the time we come out of reconstruction on the latter part of the 1870's, 1880's, that is when we see the shift to public spaces. , courthouse squares, intersections, etc. that seems to be the monuments where we are having trouble with today. dr. green: the 1920's, and there is a spike around the civil rights movement. mr. levin: the map of resistance. dr. green: one of the things you also get through th

the most important was the alexander stevens, the vice president of the confederacy. some of them still wearing confederate army uniforms as generals. they're sending the same guys back to congress under johnson's plan. alexander stevens is elected senator from georgia. so, anyone that had notions of vindictive or harsh republicans, in any other country these people might have been executed, jailed. and in fact, some people were jailed for crimes committed against the united states government. jefferson davis was jailed for some time, but none of them really suffered. he wrote a memoir that said it was all about states' rights, it was nothing to do with slavery, the civil war. they're really not punished that harsh. did you have a question? jeremy. jeremy and i'll come to you brian. >> yeah, the 13th amendment originally stated there should be no slavery except as a punishment for crime. >> yeah. >> so, how significant do you think that played for the south's part as far as enforcing the black codes and that type of thing? >> yeah, very good question, jeremy. and we a

in 1868 as well 1790 in the former confederacy was not allowed to pay its debts.section five is essential. it gave congress enforcement power using the language that they're in the 13 amendment congress shall have power to enforce by appropriate legislation the provisions of this article. no reconstruction amendment provided sovereign power to the federal government over the states and the various subdivisions. mississippi legislators fear it would be a dangerous kind of power and might admit federal religious station and respect to persons denison's inhabitants of the state. the legislature in both alabama and south carolina were alarmed at the 14th amendment gave congress the power to legislate upon the political status of the freedom. they are correct part of the civil war we the people. remember when begins congress shall make no law respected. creates an understanding that the government by not action protects freedom. the 14th amendment along with the other two reconstruction halls. revolutionize freedom in the united states by assuring that was protected by

i think the confederacy has been disappearing from these conversations and let's talk about what they did. not just the monuments but the textbooks, highways, all of that. and then look at the dedication speeches. start there and talk about the beginning. >> you have laid out a couple of things already. to reveal a little bit, when we have these different periods of memorialization, immediately after the war, white women in the south are placing them mainly in cemeteries. the early memorializations, for the most part, cemeteries to commemorate the dead. they are not intended as public statements, although they are in a way. by the time to put of reconstruction, that is when we see the shift to the public spaces. public parks, courthouse squares, intersections, etc. that seems to be the monuments where we are having trouble with today. >> the 1920's, and there is a spike around the civil rights movement. >> the map of resistance. a massive resistance. and then one of the things you also get, african-americans admit that all of this struggle, always rejected those monuments. even when t

they brought back arms, supplies, clothing, and other valuable supplies for the confederacy. meanwhile, on the union side, the officers started playing a blame game. it started off with out for a pleasanton and george stoneman blaming each other for not capturing or stopping stewart. then, george mcclellan blamed both pleasanton and stone men for not following his orders. meanwhile, general and chief have licked blamed mcclellan and on october 14 said "the president has read your telegram and wrecks made to suggest that if the enemy had more occupation south of the river, his calvary would not be so likely to make -- likely to make raids north of it. that was followed by another telegram on october 24 from the president -- i just received your dispatch about 50 courses. hard me for asking but what have your horses done since the battle of antietam? someone asked lincoln what he was going to do with mcclellan. lincoln replied with one of his humorous stories. when i was a boy, we used to round game -- three times and out. stewart has been round him twice. if he goes around him

that i'm here to meet an heir whose ancestor became famous in defeat at the high-water mark of the confederacy. >> my name is george edward pickett v. i'm the great-great-grandson of general george e. pickett of gettysburg fame. and i never knew exactly what that would bring to my family -- fame, fortune, or dishonor. >> george -- who goes by his middle name, ed -- has invited me to his home. hi, ed. >> hi. you must be jamie. >> i am jamie. how are you today? >> i'm good. >> when the 59-year-old isn't working as a surfing instructor, ed enjoys doing yoga and playing guitar. it's a far cry from his famous great-great-grandfather who fought at gettysburg. growing up, did your family ever discuss that you had a connection to that battle? >> well, i knew about it. it was discussed briefly. i was not really that interested as a little kid. >> it's easy to understand why. ed's ancestor is best known for being on the losing side of the most pivotal battle in the civil war. >> some people said, "oh, didn't he lose? wasn't he a loser?" because that was the way that a lot of the history books talked abo

the confederacy has been disappearing interest the conversations, talk about what those women did. >> yeah. >> and not just the monuments but the textbooks, the highways, all that, and then look at the dedication speeches, the individual ones, and i say start there and talk about the various states. start at the beginning. >> yeah. so you've laid out a couple things already that we can sort of explore further, but just to sort of review a little bit, we have these different periods of memorialization immediately after the war where those ladies memorial associations, white women in the south, placing them mainly in cemeteries, right? they're not -- the early memorialization for the most part in cemeteries to commemorate the dead. they're not intended as public statements, although they are in a way, right? and then, of course, by the time we come out of reconstruction, latter part of the 1870s, 1880s that's when we see the shift to the public spaces. public parks, courthouse squares, intersections, et et cetera. that seems to be the monuments we're having trouble with today. >> usuall

i know some people would disagree but gettysburg was a desperate move by the confederacy, robert e. lee, trying to get a major victory over northern soil. his biggest purpose for that was to bring in european help for the south. a lot of people in the south, a lot of leadership in the south were really counting on bringing in france and england on the side of the south to go against the united states. one of my research topics was a french nobleman who right up to the very end of 1965 1865 was hoping to bring france in the side of the confederates. what these european powers were looking for was to see if the south had a chance of winning or at least coming up with a negotiation to choose. it had been a great victory and ago shaded truce. i might have persuaded some foreign powers to release recognize the confederacy as its own independent government but that fell through. i was a little bit delusional i think, or very delusion, but that was the big goal. once they lost that, the war still goes on, there are horrendous battles afterwards but i think that really was the turning point

this is leading to the end of the confederacy. the president trying to honor the confederate history of that city which it certainly is a very different story had the n confederacy not lost the port city. what is ahead here. nancy pelosi under fire after video surfaces of her at a hair appointment inside of a salon which is in violation of current pandemic rules in san francisco, the city where this took place. we'll have her response. (vo) businesses are always making choices. here's a choice you don't have to make. the largest 5g network... award-winning customer satisfaction... or insanely great value. now, with t-mobile for business, there's no compromise. network. support. value. choose. any. three. t-mobile for business ready when you are. in honor of our 50th anniversary, we're committing over $30 million dollars to new student scholarships. because we believe in the pursuit of purpose and in the difference you make in the world. apply for your scholarship today at nu.edu some companies still have hr stuck between employees

they're a very powerful indian confederacy. well, the iroquois had similar power in this very strategic territory between french canada, saint lawrence river, ontario and ultimately english new york. they occupied this very strategic territory and diplomacy became very important in order to preserve their fur trade. when europeans engaged with this diplomacy with the iroquois, they had to learn something known as the condolence ceremony. and i'll talk to you a little bit about how the condolence ceremony worked. so when the iroquois league got together usually on an annual basis to renew friendship and alliance between the member nations they began their negotiations with each other by engaging in a condolence ceremony whereby each nation offered its condolences to the other nations for losses they had suffered since the last time they met. you know, somebody important had died or perhaps there had been warfare with outsiders and casualties had been suffered and so forth. and so the opening message was condolence to assuage the

house speaker ordered the removal in the portraits of four speakers of the house who served in the confederacy saying the and robert combat t. hunter, harold cobb and charles f. crist now therefore be it that the house of representatives shall remove any any political organization or peafert that has held a political position that supported slavery from any area within the house wing of the capitol and shall donate any donate to the library of congress. the speaker pro tempore: the resolution qualifies. for what purpose does the gentleman from south carolina seek recognition? >> i have a motion at the desk. the clerk: mr. clibe burn moves that the resolution be moved on the table. the speaker pro tempore: the question is to move the resolution on the table. those in favor say aye. those opposed, no. in the opinion of the chair -- >> i ask for the yeas and nays. the speaker pro tempore: the ayes have it. pursuant to section of house resolution 965, yeas and nays are ordered. members will record their votes by electronic device. [captioning made possible by the national captioning institute, inc

there's a resistance of -- the fear of resistance is -- 30% of people who would say the confederacy was right and things along that spectrum, but i want to talk to the people who accept that those things are wrong, right, who feel a certain truth, are intellectually or emotionally reconciled to something, but nonetheless captured by the systems of segregation and these systems of race. how do we stop talking because -- and as a writer, i understand how rhetoric can be used to clarify, how rhetoric can be used to obscure, how rhetoric can be a substitute for action, and how rhetoric can activate action. i want this book to activate action. what are the spaces i'm participating in? how do i change them? these happen at large governmental levels. they happen at small neighborhood levels. they happen at the work level. they happen at the school level. they happen in how you spend your leisure time. it's all around us. it is all around us. >> we've gotten a couple questions that sort of identify just that, the macro versus the micro, the public policy versus private integration. so someone w

tracy -- confederacy. we asked voters do we support moving -- removing names from military institutions. 48 percent said no and 39% said yes. renamed,ese bases be and what should that process look like? mr. cunningham: i do think we should rename the installations and particularly fort bragg. there served their -- myself. i have served with the special forces command, special warfare center and school, i know for bragg well. premier installation got named after a slave owning traitor to the united states who not only had bad personal qualities but was a failed general should be the on all of us. the is an amazing center of military universe and we often have an expression that if the president has to dial 911, the phone rings at fort bragg. the process we should go through is engage the community. there is an army regulation and it is a routine thing to name rename military installations. a request from fayetteville, north carolina and ascended up to the army chief of staff and have it changed. >> should t

and that adds to the sense we are being led by a confederacy of dunces.ch about opinion polls with an 80 seat majority and years until the next election. this government cares a lot about opinion polls and there are some people who say it is currently governed by opinion polls. obviously they do their own. i think they absolutely will. one interesting thing, on the rebellion looming in this week's without, the tory whips were ringing tory mps yesterday trying to get them to get them to support their measure and argue why they don't wa nt measure and argue why they don't want the bill amended. essentially for parliament not to have a vote on future lockdown measures. they were deploying two arguments. one was that the legislation, the amendment may not be selected. two, it will play into keir starmer‘s hands if it is. they were really trying to warn them this is something the opposition might be able to use to their advantage. of course an opinion poll like that will be front and centre in their concerns. james, let's go to the sunday times. they have got

in charlottesville, virginia, another divisive symbol of the confederacy fell today.00-pound statue of a confederate soldier was lifted from its base outside a county courthouse. it had stood there for 111 years. charlottesville is the site of a 2017 white supremacist rally that sparked violence, violence that ended up killing one counter-protester. iran executed a popular wrestling star today, despite an international campaign to save him. that included a plea from president trump. 27-year-old naveed afkari was convicted of murder in the stabbing death of a government worker during a protest in 2018. iran released a video of his confession, said to be given under torture. recently, president trump tweeted afkari's only crime was, "protesting the country's worsening economic situation," adding, "i would greatly appreciate if you would spare this young man's life." the afghan government and taliban met today in doha, qatar, for the start of peace talks, the historic negotiations aimed to form a power-sharing government between the two parties and thereby ending more th

try to mislead some poles printout on toddled confederacy and the post-election autographs during a meeting in thoughts with the president the consent. and the u.k. pound on gatherings of the fix the wall comes into effect to float the spread of coronavirus but just before the world to hold pump street swap with. household from me for today in just under an hour kevin allen will be head to give you a full global news update i know to want you to join him on not to talk on how he was changing out of toppled but if you're a new call island it's predicating. louis welcome to crossfire where all things are considered. forced regime change planes and why it is not and will not work and there was also the number. benefits from this very strange episode. you discuss this i'm joined by my guest marcus papadopoulos in london he's editor of politics 1st magazine and in budapest we cross to jordan samuel he is author of bombs through peace nato's humanitarian war and yugoslavia are across up rules in effect that means you can jump in anytime you want and i always appreciate when you let me start with