why the bastion of the confederacy? it was located in richmond, which was the capital of the confederacy. the first capital was montgomery, alabama, but it was moved very quickly up to richmond, which made much more sense. richmond was bisected by several roads, several railways and an important river. the james river. so it was the bastion. secondly, the south centralized its prisoner population by that i mean, this any prisoner anywhere in the war was first brought to richmond and brought to libby from they'd be sent to other prisons in the process. so everybody walked through libby at one point or another. the prisoners also it the castle of despair or just simply rat hell or hell. why was it called libby? it had been owned by fellow named george libby from maine. and there was a sign hanging on the side of it. you can see the white horizontal in the middle of the prison. there it libby and son and when the confederacy made it a prison, they never took the sign down. so everybody just called it libby. the tent surrou

how did that was that a reaction to what was going on in the confederacy or the former confederacy? great question. the there were a lot of small individual union monuments, and that's most of the union monuments were built in the more immediate postwar period. so the 1870s, 1880s, as opposed to 1890, 1920 and most actual individual people. so silent sam in north carolina is a generic soldier. he's not named person. most the statues. in fact, they're the sort of lone figure of the union soldier is not as not nearly as prevalent those mostly almost all of them to individual people. and they're not the center of this, the sort of cultural sacred space in washington which is the mall. so the national mall is interesting. the national mall was they started to build it in 1791 from 1791 to 1982, when the vietnam was dedicated. there were no war memorials, no, they were memorials to great thinkers about democracy, but not war memorials. and the story that the story about memorials in d.c. in the 20th century is that memorials went out of style after the confederate memorials were built. s

richmond which was the capital of the confederacy. the first capital was an montgomery alabama but it was r moved very quickly up to richmond which made much more sense. richmond was bisected by several roads, ghseveral railways. the south centralized it's s. prisoner population. any prisoner captured anywhere in the war was first brought to richmond and brought to libby. from there, they were sent to other prisons in the process. everybody walked through libby at one point another. . the prisoners also called at the castle of despair or just is simply hell. why was it called libby? it had been owned by a fellow called george libby from maine and there was a sign hanging on the side of it -- you can see the white horizontal sign. it said libby and son. the confederacy made it a prison and never took the sign down. everyone just called it libby. the 10th surrounded our tents l for the guards. the guards did not want to stay inside or too close to the prison because of the smell of death, human feces and everything else. just grotesque

their monument to the women of the confederacy. that's been taken down. i mean, it's all about what most people don't know the history of it. i actually walked to a dunkin donuts the other day they had a they had a mural of the the capitol. yeah dunkin donuts and it's the statue was right there and i somebody is like, do you know who that is? no. it looked at me like i was crazy and walked away. and so it's but you go and look it. i mean, let's look at the statue. seal, the us navy. it's a it's a monument to an american sailor, yet it attaches those to that monument. but then those words fade unless you were there. let's do the research. you don't know. so that's why. that's why monument building was such a big thing because it transmits message across time and space. right. so those words that were spoken there basically did not stick. yeah, they weren't. they weren't inscribed in stone. but yes, when you look it. but again, that's also a product of the politics of the era. right. it had doesn't have a lot to do with worth bagley

final point -- i just want to talk about the confederacy.g in the 1870s, we will protect you from giving power to black people in the united states. it is the same message in this movement now. this is something deep and evil in american history. >> so there has to be another, or some group against which you are working -- >> absolutely. >> ruth, i want to play a few things that trump has said over the last few months. i want to focus on the last thing he says, to michael's point, about the other ring here. let's listen to this. >> in 2016, i declared, i am your voice. today, i add, i am your aurier, i am your justice. and for those who have been wronged and betrayed, i am your retribution. >> in the end, they're not coming after me, they're coming after you. and i'm just standing in their way, here i am, i'm standing in their way. i always will be. >> every time, the radical left democrats, marxists, communists, fascists indict me, i consider a great, great, great badge of honor. i do, i really do. because i am being indicted for you. i am

there's some 18,000 west virginians who had fought for the confederacy. in other words unionists face the prospect of having thousands of paroled confederates returning to a state they had been trying to destroy and so what do we see the same pattern that we see in maryland? in late april and early may at least 12 different communities and union strongholds past resolutions barring formal former rebels from returning home. these are more than just resolutions though. for example in marion county when reports surfaced of two rebels who had returned home the local union guard goes to their mother's house asks to see the men. she says they're not here. well, guess what they were hiding up in the mountains and they were found one was shot and killed and the other was severely wounded. the violence was continuing. there is much much more to the story including as it relates to lincoln's assassination the decisions of andrew johnson and certainly the story of african americans both free and enslaved. but i'd like to leave you with this. rather than serving as a

wellington, north carolina was the last open port of the confederacy. generally who was defending his -- he and his men were defending petersburg and richmond said, if wilmington falls, the confederacy falls. it was the last supply line and fort fisher was holding off the federal forces. very heavily fortified with a well down here, shaped like a l across the peninsula and down here, right here, the largest organized minefield to date in the civil war was late. these were command detonated lines which allowed the confederate high command to redeploy their men to other areas of the fort. to move them down here and move them down here. the night before, the january 15th attack, on land, on january 14th, the union launched the largest naval bombardment of the war on fort fisher. sort of like pre-d-day on june 6, the naval forces softening the c-span defenses on normandie. doing so snapped the wires, leading to the command and the mind of the fort. confederates that now and the union didn't know. so when the union soldiers, when the federals attacked, the f

wilmington north carolina was the last open port of the confederacy. general lee, who -- he and his men were defending petersburg, said if wilmington falls, the confederacy falls. it was a last supply line. and fort fisher was holding off the federal forces. very heavily fortified with a wall down here. shaped like an l. across the peninsula and down here. right here, the largest organized mine field to date in the civil war was laid. these were command-detonated mines, which allow the federal high confederate to move to the fort. to move them step down here and move them down here. the night before the january 15th attack. on january 14th, the union launched the largest naval bombardment of the war. sort of like pre-d day. the naval forces stopped nazi defenses on the beaches of normandy. by doing so. the feds had inadvertently snapped all the wires, leading from the command to the fort. the confederates didn't know. and the it union didn't know. so when the union soldiers -- when the federal attacked. the fort fell within a matter of hours. it was pr

and one of the rising stars of the confederacy. all right. so these political and personal connections helped to pave the way for hood's promotion to lieutenant general in 1864. keep this in mind. hood was only 32 years old when he returned to the war that spring. with that rank. and this time he was in georgia who had helped, of course, his own prospects for retaining army command by engaging in some, let's just say, extrajudicial politicking with the president while he was commanding a corps under joe johnston in the army of tennessee. now, while considering hood as a possible replacement for the unpopular, at least in davis, his mind, joe johnston, who had reached out to i'm sorry, davis reached out to hood's old mentor, robert e lee for an opinion he wanted an assessment of john bel hood. and lee, of course, praised his proteges ability. but he was he did so very carefully and not without some ambiguous duty. and he famously lee famously told davis that, quote, hood is a bold fighter. i'm doubtful as to other qualifications necessary, whi

the number one supplier of gunpowder to the confederacy there. born in newburn, north carolina. it's now a national it is now a state marker. the rains brothers are known as the bomb brothers. gabriel raines studied explosives. george raines. explosive agents. there's my pickup truck that i used to show that i'm actually doing research when i did that. money off deductions. work deductions. prove i was there. this is their house. general raines, he had experimented with explosives in 1850s in the seminole war and he applied his practice of sensitive fuzes for the mines in the peninsula campaign. so there's let me just go back here. he, george, ranger, gabriel raines was heavily criticized in june of 1862. one month later, when general mcclellan, the head of the union forces, said, this is inhumane and uncivilized. this weapon should not be used. and general johnson and the confederates agreed with them. this is inhumane and shouldn't be used. general longstreet ordered raines do not use land mines. they're inhumane. they're uncivilized. they're overruled by defense secretary of

one of the biggest slave traders in the confederacy. host: the final 60 seconds here, is that something you might write about next, or what is next for you? guest: i have thought about forrest. i do not think i am going to do forrest, he is a fascinating character. i do not know what is next. i discover a great character -- i did not discover barton. but i did kind of discover an angle on her. people think of clara barton as the founder of the american red cross, this kind of matronly person. she is actually a kick ass action hero of the civil war and there is only one woman you can describe that way. so a pursue her. host: s.c. gwynne has been our guest for the past two hours on

that was given by the daughters of the confederacy in 1954, soon after black cadets started matriculating at west point that hung in the cadet library until this year. the second thing i want to say is just to briefly illustrate one of the soldiers for whom one of the bases was renamed, william henry johnson, who fought in world war i. he was an american soldier. because the american army would not permit blacks to serve in combat because they did not want them to get the social acceptance of that service, his unit harlem health fighters, actually thought attached to a fridge unit he was the first american soldier awarded the -- and subsequently the medal of honor. and it is now renamed for him. >> a while back. [applause] >> i suspect this will be a political football of sorts. what we named them and sort of that vein, so the conversation is not over even with the amazing amazing work of the commission of work will need to be defended will require our support. let's go to secretary woods. we go back a decade or so, so got to get used as a your friends become important. you have to follow

answer but just tried to prove it.ve interesting new york times was associating virginia with the confederacythe context but after reevaluating these assumptions in the 40s the center of power and is alexandria courthouse and a circuit court in this courtroom so the courthouse was organizations company and your election virginia to the eastern shore to see who provide victory in the old confederate statute regarding the courthouse they were at work here so he had power and influence over the situation as the clerk of court in the local pollution is in the backs room in richmond and hary wilkinson put it this way in the manner in which the organization will governor. the give-and-take closest area school will usually certain victory in the primary and general election. you see the description in the used this power to maintain our the courthouse organized local elections for organization candidates it a better share and they were because the public space of the delegation so behind the scenes, chief judge of the circuit court was for the organization.positions in the jurisdictionr and the main

it didn't accept it when it was part of the confederacy.wanted to tear it to shreds it does not accept it today, neither does the party of american marxism and marxist movements, you have to switch from opressing minorities to opressing the majority, because of history, they say is one of of a corrupt nation. now we have ain have -- antiwhite racism, you are not allowed to talk about it, you can't write about it i say the hell with these people. pete: that is why you wrote about it. mark: yes, in that chapter, i talk about the rise of what i call civil rightings marxism. -- civil rights marxism. who is leader of civil rights movement, nobody. because most of the objectives of actual older siefsifcivil rights have been met. pete: you laid out that vote count. mark: overwhelming. the republican party has supported every civil rights act since after the civil war until today, huge swaths of democrat party have opposed it by key point to get across is that the civil rights movement turned into an economic movement to a marxist movement. which i

not that the confederacy did not fight, and principal reason for that was slavery, which it was. if you look at where did the slaves come from? it was newport, boston, new york, there were financed to the middle passage, financed out of the north, in short out of the north, j.p. morgan was built partly on the slave trade. 15 presidents owned slaves while in office. it is not -- i do not think people in the north from a historical perspective can point fingers and say it was all their problem. the greatest speech ever written to me was lincoln's second inaugural and what he says is that the civil war was blood atonement for all of these years of the national sin of slavery and his point is that slavery is wound around the core of the country and it is. he views that we had to expiate the national sin, blood atonement for the national sin of slavery. anyway, i think that i take the more expansive view and the more holistic view of the country as a whole and anyway, getting off on a tangent. host: one hour into our own death sit down with -- in-depth sit down with s.c. gwynne. we ar

this is a provision that disqualifies not anyone who joined the confederacy, but a narrower said, people who took an oath and participated in the rebellion. host: the same question of who it was meant for and do you think this section was meant to outlive confederate veterans? guest: yes, i think it was because it is a fact, both prospective, and people involved in the civil war against the united states and then secondly, it is prospective rebellions or insurrections that people would be disqualified if prior to engaging in an insurrection, they had taken an oath to the constitution of the united states. host: on the wording of this, shall have engaged in insurrection, like that wording? why not shall have been convicted of insurrection as defined by u.s. code or something? is the wording -- why is it not precise? guest: i do not think it is imprecise, it is just wrong. it does not require a criminal conviction and is a criminal, federal statute that makes it a felony to engage in an insurrection. they chose to provide that without a conviction if you had done this, and it can be determ

and the united states government would pay it because they want to defeat the confederacy. and you made a lot of money off of the civil war. well, that war is over. but now you are flush with cash and looking for the next great investment. part of the industrial ization process is do you have an abundance of natural materials that are needed? do you have enough workers? do you have enough money? the united states has all of these things. after 1865, the next element is, do you have a government that will be a friend to business and industry, a favorable government, one that will help foster economic growth, business expansion and in the post-civil war era, we have that. i want to fall back a little bit in time and introduce you to a fellow by the name of adam smith. he's an englishman who was living back during the american revolution. in 1776. he published a book called wealth of nations and. in that book, he talked about the relationship between business and the government. and in this book, smith said that there is a natural order to economics. there's a natural order to

>> the argument is, when you go to the confederacy and slavery, which the democratic party defended was the party of the confederacy, segregation, the ku klux klan, lynching, eug eugenics, the current period of time where it now supports a completely different agenda, but it seeks to empower itself. bottom line is -- we only have a minute or two -- this. not a normal political party. it is an autocratic party. every day we wake up and recover on radio, the democratic party, we don't call it that, we have an open order. nature didn't do that, they democratic party did that. we are destroying energy independence. nature didn't do that, the democratic party get that. we are destroying what is taking place in our classrooms. nature didn't do that. the democratic party is doing that. i could go on and on and on, and i do, in the book, as a matter fact. i try to explain that unlike the republican party which, in many ways, is utterly feckless, by the way, the democratic party post we looked at at through the lens of power. its power. everything it does is not for the american people, it is no

the new york times is associating virginia with the faith in the confederacy.rn context we have to reevaluate lovemaking in the 1930s. the center of power was the courthouse this is alexandra courthouse in the circuit court in the top inside is where the chief justice had his courtroom in office. the courthouse was with the organization functionaries kept the engine humming along in election after election county seen from the south side of virginia andet shenandoah valley continuing to each other to see who can provide the most lopsided victory for the machine candidates. theon confederate statue guardig the courthouse where the retrograde forces were at work few people have as much power and influence as the local situation is the clerk of court was key to the political machine. he was welcome in the back room of the washington office and th hotel suites here in richmond. his story harvey wilkinson there's been a certain mystique in the manner in which the organization picks candidates for governor list editors own wishes in the senator's closest advisers at

windsor and but you know, it gives you this description of what's going on at the time and the confederacy always wanted to get the general mcclellan named after a union officer. and so sometimes they'd cross the atlantic and you'd have one of these southern boys with a stogie and he'd say something like this. you better say your prayers moments because you're going down. you're going down. we have first person accounts. of british latter-day saint conference crossing, atlantic and these kinds of comments, but they didn't want to, you know have more repercussions in the civil war, but incredible if i had 1.5 million if jeremy could raise some funding for me or something i could do this film. so anyway, or maybe that's a joel question. anyway, i'm kidding of course. but anyway, so you get this war zone and where you see i mean i have many many first-person accounts again because people that made the journey kept a journal keep a journal friends. keep a journal. houses burned fences destroyed bridges guarded by union troops anyway, this is this is interesting stuff. we had to change into a t

and the confederacy always wanted to get the general mcclellan, named after a union officer. and so sometimes, they crossed the atlantic, and you'd have one of these southern boys with a stogie, and he'd say something like this. you better say your prayers, mormons, because you're going down. you're going down. we have first-person accounts of british latter-day saint converts crossing the atlantic, and these kind of comments. but they didn't want to, you know, have more repercussions in the civil war. but incredible. if i had $1.5 million, if jeremy could raise some funding for me or something, i could do this film. so anyway. or maybe that's a droll question. anyway, i'm, i'm kidding, of course. but anyways. so you get this war zone, and where, where you see, i mean, i have many, many first-person accounts, again, has people that made the journey kept a journal. keep a journal, friends. keep a journal. houses burned. fences destroyed. bridges guarded by union troops . anyway, this is, this is interesting stuff. we had to change into a train of cable cars, and the car i got

the new york times was associating virginia with like the faith and the confederacy and smithfield hams. so in our modern context, you know, we have to reevaluate some of these assumptions the new york times is making in the 1940s. so the center of power and the byrd machine was the courthouse. right. this is the alex andria courthouse. these large windows of the circuit crt, one of the circuit courts, and then this top part of the building here is called the cw's nest, where the chief judge had his had his office courtroom and office. so the courthouse was where all the organization functionaries kept the engine humming along for the bird machine. and election after election. county seats from across south side, virginia, and up and down the shenandoah valley to the eastern shore competed with each other to see who could provide the most lopsided victory for the machine candidates. the old confederate statue guarding the courthouse was a not so subtle hint that the retrograde forces were at work here. so few people held as much power and influence over the local situation there. the lo

not only feeling of patriotism for the confederacy and the other white people in leesburg outside the potomac river actually. things in the morning of october 21, full disclosure i'm not a full disclosure or historian. what i can tell you is the end result are pretty clear. as colonel bert in the 18th are going across the field they are being guided by a maryland her. a mail in hers later given credit as a virginian that is mr. elijah white. right now he's acting as a scout for the confederate army. he is writing directly on colonel bert right hand, directing him and this battle. the 18th mississippi is moving forward. colonel bert colonel bert is moving forward and he did not know that ahead the field was clear there is a patch of wood in the ground dropped off. where the wooded patch was there was just enough cover he came within 100 yards of that unit when they sprang up and fired a volley. no other volley he said fired as directly or hat as deadly of an impact throughout the rest of the career. that was the deadliest of volley he had ever seen. immediately, we are not talking abou

democrat party, lincoln representing republican party, and democrat party, was the party of the confederacy is a fact. and since then. it has been party of anti-americanism. in so many ways. the democrat party is the party of anti-americanism. ruled dressed up as democracy. sound familiar? the state party. that is there is no deficiedifference between massive bureaucracy and democrat party, it is owned and paid for by democrat party. every time there is a threat of government shut down, it is how powerful. we writing history, for political purposes. this is what totalitarian parties do and fascist regimes and marxist regimes, who is pushing it? democrat parties and their teachers unions, they trash the declaration of independences, they trash the constitution, they trash the american founding, they trash our economic system under the umbrella of the democrat party. how many leaders of democrat party have rejected crt ? none. how many rejected the attack on the founding fathers? none. >> and rejected 1619 project, none, they all promote it, there sa reason, changing election procedure to adv

nature crete society the greek it was not a nation the like the cherokee, the greek greeks were a confederacy, a grouping of largely independent villages throughout alabama, western georgia, that were essentially autonomous and seldom came for any single purpose. and so that made it difficult for either the red states or the lower greeks who opposed to act in a unified fashion, in a coherent fashion, to to plan, plan a long term strategy, strategy that may succeed. that that was that was the principal i think the principal difficulty on this side of the the red sticks. and they also unfortunately for them, they the war a year but a year or two early if they had waited until the british had gotten rid of napoleon and sent troops to the to the gulf coast and they subsequently invaded the gulf coast, i think the british created the british race, that combination would have would have won for the greeks and the british controlled the coast, coast for some time to come. but that the case in that the two was it was equal on the american and that largely was due to logistical problems. the administr