so nothing is debated in congress ever, ever. in this particular case for those of who you have seen hamilton and you know hamilton's report on public credit is being debated at the same time. so tengs are already amped up. so here you get the quakers and this senile ben franklin throwing this proposal, and things start to unite. so bear that in mind, i'm reminded there are good and bad sides to the anti-slavery debate being dragged out. some people are saying oh, this is titanic waste of time. we've got some colleagues in pennsylvania who aren't here to weigh in with the vote. so all of these things are going on which really make history exciting. and thank you for sharing that as well. >> yeah, thank you you all. [ applause ] >>> c-span, where history unfolds daily. in 1979 c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies and is brought to you today by your cable or satellite provider. >>> on tuesday the center for immigration studies takes a look at the immigration backlog which currently includes

and it's really opening up the library of congress and you can fill in the plank in the library of congress has it, you can connect with us, history, there's a table, a table outside with all of the projects and things and even a bookmark that emphasizes, ask a librarian whether you're visiting the library of congress or online, ask us a question and receive expert assistance from our librarians and subject specialists and then there's the tin man here, if i only had a librarian. [laughter] >> that and owning a bookstore. >> you can do both. that's a possibility. but to have that and then about two months into the job, can you tell people what the award from the library of congress and experience? >> the library of congress has so many collections, sound recording, film, prints and photographs and has collection of george, great american composer, summer time and all of that. each year an award for outstanding contributor to american song and two months in i was asked to present the george award to mr. smoky robinson. now let me just say that was not a hardship. [laughter] >> and i thought,

why did congress even have to consider these petitions, if someone submits a petition to congress, right? could they just ignore it. >> they could have, and in fact, chuck, who introduced me and hat's off to capital, has writ own this very fact showing how the anti-slavery petitioners played an essential role in establishing the petitions to congress could be about moral issues because petitions during the first congress and up to this point in the second session of the first congress were based on individual claim, right? and collect pensions or other things like that, but this, of course, was a larger, huge issue, right? and in getting their petitions heard and any any resolutions and getting a debate established that the federal government could take up moral issues and of course, the federal government would do that through the early years of the republic, through all kinds of issues of temperance and the women's movement and further anti-slavery all of the way to today with issues like, you know, questions of abortion rights, right? and so this was a pivotal moment in that way, as w

i also don't like the idea of one congress tying the hands of a future congress. the whole idea is that you are able to sit down deliberate with the circumstances that you have at the moment. i have no problem with saying we want to know, as we do this, what it cost, which we anticipate the cost to be and that should not have any bearing on whether you decide to go to war or not. >> i don't know that i agree with that. i think how much it cost is part of the equation of what your interests are. i'm not saying it's the dispositive one but i do think it's a factor and we are in the business of weighing whether a particular interest is important enough to go to war over and since there are a number of considerations that go into that i don't see the financial one should be one of them. >> okay. were running short on time but let's quite try to squeeze it in. please go quickly. >> lewis. attorney with the financial network. i want to revisit two examples that come up. the entry into the korean war in the war powers resolution. how do they tie together in an underlying

first, they didn't want congress to consider the petitions. then they tried and failed to substitute the original report with a statement that congress should once again refuse to consider the petitions. then a majority of georgia's and south carolina's representatives unsuccessfully opposed the unprecedented step of having a final report recorded in the house journal. believing that doing so would give voice to a topic they wished to silence altogether and act as a precedent for future anti-slavery agitators. most unsatisfyingly from the perspective of those such as james jackson and smith, in spite of the long monologs defending slavery, not one congressman outside of georgia or south carolina acquiesced in pronouncing human bondage a just institution. in fact, several representatives expressed shock that any dignified statesman would dare to argue for the moral legitimacy of human bondage and it's in this way that the petitioners triumphed in the battle of anti and pro-slavery principles. successfully broadcasting their values on a natural

so tensions in congress are already amped up. here you have the crazy quakers and senile old ben franklin throwing this potential constitutional proposal at congress's feet and things start to ignite. bear it in mind. i'm reminded, unless i'm wrong about this, that there are good and bad sides to the anti-slavery debate being dragged out. some people are saying, oh, this is a titanic waste of time, we have other more important things. unless i'm wrong, fitzsimmons of pennsylvania saying, let's drag it out a bit more because we have colleagues from pennsylvania to weigh in on the vote. >> yeah, sure. >> there's all of these other things going on which makes history exciting. thauchg f thank you for sharing that with us. >> thank you all. [ applause ] >>> coming up, on c-span3's american history tv, a look at women's history. we'll start with a conversation on women in the white house, including former first lady florence harding. then a discussion on the women's suffrage movement. later, a historical account of phillis wheatley, a

congress never pays additional money. what,eep saying you know why don't you get is a design that looks like this? that is what these variations are that you are seeing in your handout. this is what these are. when they will push up the front of the capital. armser scheme was to have and closing it like the vatican. and 1886 the on the original design that none of them worked out. in 1886 congress said ok we are going to build the building. the first time they commit themselves -- but they commit themselves is pretty much the same thing that was revealed in 1870. this is the designer that remains in 1886. smith meyer is hired as the architect and given the title of the architect of the library building. he hires his partner. that was quite a relationship. basically he offers him his own as a draftsman. it is not going to work out. he reacted very negatively to that. in any event the two of them are architects until 1888. they did the basic drawing for the building. this is the basic building that exists today. this is the

congress is it considering on authorizing military force.rmer democratic senator jim king joins us next to explain his bipartisan proposal. ♪ ♪ hey, is this our turn? honey...our turn? yeah, we go left right here. (woman vo) great adventures are still out there. we'll find them in our subaru outback. (avo) love. it's what makes a subaru, a subaru. get 0% apr financing for 63 months on all new 2017 subaru outback models. now through august 31. looking for a hotel that fits... whoooo. ...your budget? tripadvisor now searches over... ...200 sites to find you the... ...hotel you want at the lowest price. grazi, gino! find a price that fits. tripadvisor. >>> this morning president trump is blaming congress over the sanctions bill he signed into law. the president tweeting moments ago our relationship with russia is at an all-time and very dangerous low, you can thank congress, the same people that can't even give us health care. joins offing us now democratic senator tim cain. the good morning, senator. >> great to be with you. thanks. >> are you

and voted out by congress, so rare to get congress to do something brave like that. the same happened with carter's civil service reform act, started doubling away at it right from the day it took affect. i was there and was my fault we didn't get along too well. i got to tell you, one of the greatest stories that i always tell, giving a speech and chairman of intel or president of intel before going into the government, whatever it was, he goes in and is talking to chief executives in the private sector and you have to understand government is so different from the private sector. what would you do if your board of directors had on it your union leader, opposing business you are in a competitive with, bureaucracy you couldn't fire, goes through 7 or 8 things would you run your business different? of course. the government we have, most of the time congress which is the board of directors controlled by the other party. even when it is your own party as we are finding out it is very difficult to get things done. he made a wonderful analogy, going from the private sect

opening up the library of congress. we have a table outside with all of the projects and even a bookmark that emphasizes to ask a librarian and to receive expert assistance. what an experience that must have been to know not only were you getting the dream job of every library in the world. you can do both. that is a possibility. but, to have that and then backk to months in the job. can you tell the folks about what the award is for the library of congress and theny that first experience? >> the library of congress has so many collections. sound recordings, film, photograph, and the collection of george gershwin, the great american composer. each year, the library of congress gives an award to an outstanding contributor to american song. two months in, i was asked to present the award to mr. smokey robinson. let me just say that was not a hardship..ter] [laughter]what my i remembered what my grandmother used to say, i never thought you're being a librarian would lead to all of this. she was really looking down on that

why won't our member of congress listen to us. these town halls are great if you can get someone into a republican district who is not already doing a town hall, i think it's very helpful. doing empty chair town halls has been great. you are embarrassing people in the press and this is one of ezra's point in his guide. all members of congress, as much as i don't like to admit it, we all want to get reelected and that sometimes tends to be some people's only overriding goal and bad press but they don't want. that's what you can get by doing these town halls. second, don't ignore the staff. how long has kathy been in your office? representative schakowsky: every day i have been in congress since 1999. representative pocan: my chief of staff for 14 years, the poor guy has been stuck with me for 18 and a half years. our staffs have tremendous influence. please make sure you're also talking to them in the same courteous manner to convince them on issues. first of all, personal visits and stories, personal e-mails are strongest when you

it is relatively a minor issue in regards to other issues congress faces. so it is often able to glide through the appropriations and authorization processing congress, much more smoothly than some of these other issues. >> jeff, thanks so much for joining us. earlier this summer, robert lightfoot, who is the acting administrator of nasa, appeared before the senate appropriations subcommittee on science, the one that

congress recognize the importance of this last year. in 2016 a past the program management improvement accountability act. that basically requires the to do a portfolio review of any area of the gao identifies as a high risk area. wideeate a government council to focus on improving program and project management, and to review the areas that gao has identified as high risk, and make recommendations for omb as part of this process. that is a very important process as well. the other part of the evolution was to started in 2015 give a greater level of specificity to the agencies as was as aheir progress proceeding in the high risk areas. we have developed a rating criteria for each of the five areas that i mentioned, that are important to get off the list. ,e decided that they either met partially met, or did not meet each of the five criteria's to give them a more specific scorecard, and a roadmap to follow. them, discussion with individually, and with omb, we talked about what specifically remains to be done in each of those five criter

members of congress are human. asa, i am not quite sure about that. , and if you can make a compelling, personal story it will motivate people. generally -- and i'm sure mark's is for wisconsin and nationally -- the place for inside, outside kansas energy building -- kinds of strategy building. how we work with outside groups while us on the inside work to move an agenda with our colleagues. sometimes, it is really important that we help direct some of the groups to certain colleagues to make sure organizing is going on in their district and they are hearing the right stories in order to help them change. --ant to say something about havehe young people, i been for single-payer health care, medicare for all before you were born. i fear there are some of our team that want to make that the litmus test and then go after democrats to get on board. i really liked what sarah said, that we want to put out the goal. we want universal health care in this country. every person in this country to have that. right now, we not

it is relatively a minor issue in regards to other issues congress faces. so it is often able to glide through the appropriations and authorization processing congress, much more smoothly than some of these other issues. >> jeff, thanks so much for joining us. earlier this summer, robert lightfoot, who is the acting administrator of nasa, appeared before the senate appropriations subcommittee on science, the one that approves the budget. i want to show you a portion of that hearing, next up on c-span, chaired by senator richard shelby, of alabama. >> the hearing will come to order. i am pleased to welcome acting administrator robert lightfoot, to the commerce, justice, and hearing, toommittee consider nasa's 2018 fiscal year budget request. mr. lightfoot and i worked well together during his tenure as director of the marshall space flight center in huntsville, alabama. mr. lightfoot, thank you for serving as nasa's

obviously congress has their own tools, but i hope that the president and the congress will work together as opposed to against each other. >> he clearly has that threat there, he will decide how to implement it. and he goes one step further. and he really slams the u.s. congress in a separate statement he released. the bill remains seriously flawed particularly because it e encroaches on the executive branch's authority to negotiate. congress could not even negotiate a health care bill after seven years of talking. by limiting the executive's flexibility, this big makes it harder. as president i can make far better deals with foreign countries than congress. he's really giving congress a slap right there. i want you to react to that. >>chuckling, that's such a trumpian statement. the fact is that the congress has a role in this, we're exerting that role, if the president comes up with a better deal, we'll be open to that, however we felt there had to be a response to some of the actions that russia has taken recently. >> he says it's unconstitutional and significantly flawed. he's basica

this is congress's bill. this is congress' problem.gress will be to blame if it doesn't work out. >> i believe trump when he sent out a tweet this week that said, i just want tonight #maga. make america great again. the problem is he wants congress to figure out how to do this. this is circa health care where donald trump went out to the american people. he made all kinds of promises during the campaign about health care and then he patted paul ryan on the back and mitch mcconnell and said you guys figure out how to get me a win and get back to me. it's the same thing with tax reform except he's being very clear about the politics of this, ali, with all of those comments about congress. trump will be very happy to claim credit if they succeed but the odds are and i'm afraid to say this, but it's true. that they are not going to succeed by the time christmas rolls around on tax reform and he's made very clear who is going to be to blame for this and it's congress. i will also add in here that i was in a trump district just about a week

you can contact your two members of congress. i don't generally take calls from people in my district because it's just impossible to do. after you've contacted your member of congress in your two senators, you can use social media and urge your friends to do that and you can amplify it to other members that you need to that are strategic in the committee. don't forget to do social media. the final thing, with jan ended with, i want to and with. people won't change their ways. you can change the faces of those in congress, we had to bring this all to 2018 and as ezra's guide said, every member wants to get reelected as a major goal, if you can make sure those folks are coming back, it will be in play in 2018 and we have some great opportunities to take back the house of representatives and try to completely stop trump's agenda. thank you. >> all right. we've got about 20 minutes left and will do a moderated discussion appear but we want to leave sometime at the end to hear from you about your specific questions, how can you best

we do not get along too well with congress. but you mentioned ash, and i get to tell one of the greatest stories about government management. i always tell it. he was giving a speech, and he was chairman of intel or the president of intel before he went into the government -- whatever it was. and he goes in and he is talking to these chief executives in the private sector, and he says, you have to understand the government is so different from your private sector. he said, what would you do if your board of directors had on it your union leader, your opposing business that you are competitive with, a bureaucracy you could not fire, and he goes through seven or eight things, and says, would you run your business different if you had that? of course, in the government we have, and during most of his time, congress, which is your board of directors, was controlled by the other party. but even when it is your own party, as we find out, it is very difficult to get things done. he made a wonderful analogy. he said, going from the pri

health care premiums could be more in some states, but not for congress or their staff and for congress or their staff and the president is threateni it was always a dream of mine to become for congress or their staff and the president is threateni a professional soccer player, but i never imagined that i'd be playing in kansas city. when i was first elected mayor, they would talk about kansas city, kansas like... i can't wait to get out of here. through the years we lost over 30,000 people. we turned that obstacle into an opportunity. the speedway was the catalyst... and because of the speedway we now have a shopping area and a wonderful soccer stadium. and now we're starting to grow in population. it's extremely important to have financial partners such as citi® who believe in that same vision. this area is now a destination. there's people that come out here for entertainment. there's people that come out here to work...to raise families. and before the stadium was built it wasn't like that at all. i wouldn't trade playing in my hometown for anything. david: more health insurers anno

health care premiums could be more in some states, but not for congress or their staff and for congress or their staff and the president is threateni ♪ sometimes, there's no do-over. some things you can't rewind. that's when an extra safety step could mean the difference between a close call, and a call to 911. simple steps save lives. learn more at poolsafely.gov. david: more health insurers announcing that more double-digit health premiums hikes are coming, but not for congressman because congress and their staff get an obama subsidy. the federal government is threatening to put an end to this. quote, if obamacare is hurting people, and it is, why shouldn't it hurt the insurance companies and why should congress not be paying what the public pays? john, you say it's another bad example of congress creating rules that it doesn't have to life by. >> it's laws that they foist on the american people. it's a waste of time, as though it legitimizes all the things that government does. rather than focus on what's small, let's focus on a $4 trillion dollar government, not on something so litt

in the opening weeks of congress to accomplish that. but let me say we are very confident that members of congress in both political parties appreciate the historic nature of this storm and understand the enormous burden that it has placed on families and communities here in texas. and we anticipate strong and bipartisan support for that measure. i will tell you that decisions with regard to overall budgeting will be based on decisions made by members of congress and by the president. but as i have done in the past i look forward to strongly supporting the president's leadership as we make sure that texas in real time as we are still in the midst of a rescue operation and in recovery operation unfolding before us that in real time has resources and that no texan should doubt as they apply for available federal assistance, no small business or business effected should doubt that this administration, this congress will come together and make sure those resources are there. >> mr. vice president, nbc fox san antonio. we have spoken to nume

if congress is not repaired to take the legislation needed to a congress these reorganizations, they will not happen. that is a real cap in the initiative to reorganizing government. if you reorganize the government or if you try to reorganize the government, the civilian workforce is essential to your progress and ultimate success. collaborating with the existing civil service can be accomplished directly or through the employee unions. in my experience, with a republican administration, the federal employee unions for the most part are unwilling to even take a seat at the table. and that is from my experience trying to engage them. they will tell you that we did not engage in civil service reform, but we tried pretty diligently to engage them, and they were unwilling to do that and fought us tooth and nail throughout the entire process. so whether you are able to engage them through their unions or directly, engaging them is essential. does that answer your question? mr. devine: i should probably just keep quiet. mr. shea: unlikely. mr. devine: yeah, in theory, you should, all righ

congress in 1921. so in that session, 1921 to 1923, four women in congress, they have inched up to nine by 1929. it was a slow go. there's not a huge bump. it's an increase in the numbers but not a big bump in the 1990s. 1993, that year that gives a big bump to women's representation in congress. giving us a great big bump up to eventually 20% in 2017. women had better luck in local legislatures. these numbers -- i should've put up i don't even know the numbers of state legislatures in the 1920s, so this is not very many compared to the thousands of seats that there were but you can see there is substantial progress over the course of the 1920s and it levels off and we get to the late 1920s but by 1929 there are 38 states that have at least one woman in their state legislature and -- we'll talk more about that in a second. i thought i would give you a couple of examples of women who ran for or achieved national office in the 1920s to get a sense of who they might have been. one very well-known at the t

again, defiant of congress on russia. >> yes. it's puzzling. he's alienating congress. a it's an odd strategy. >> one more point. which is what message does it send to the rest of the world if this president refuses repeatedly over years and years to blame vladimir putin or go after him for any of the international indiseggs gressions that ed we committed. >> i'm sorry i didn't get to that. it sends a message that the united states is not of one mind and of would you know policy with respect to russia. the you have obviously congress and the will of congress being expressed very clearly. you have many in this cabinet, mattis, tillerson, mcmaster, all willing to acknowledge and actually vice president pence, who by the way who was in astonia this week acknowledged russia is a bad actor on the global stage yet the president himself cannot bring himself to criticize putin directly. i think it sends a message that we're not of one mind when it um, can the to our strategy and policy with them and they -- because they know there's a gap, they know how to exploit them. >> bill

why won't our member of congress listen to us?these townhall's are great if you get someone into a republican district who is not already doing a townhall i think it's helpful. doing emptied chair townhall's has been great. if you embarrass people in the press and this is one of ezra's points in his guide, all methods of congress as much as they don't like to admit it we all went to get reelected and that seems to sometimes be some-- there only overriding goal and that's what you get by doing these townhall's. second, don't ignore our staff. jan, how long has even in your office? >> every day i have been in congress since 1999. >> and my chief of staff with my chief of staff for 14 years in the legislature and foreign hali years in congress. poor guy has been stuck with me for 18 and a half years.e sure our staff has tremendous influence, so make sure you talk to them in the same courteous manner you are trying tourteou convince them on issues. personal visits, personal stories, personal letters and e-mails are i think strongest w

congress until 1951. she's a hugely important new dealer in the 1930s and in fact, i know this is theying a little bit. in 1938 she takes over the labor committee of the u.s. congress. and she is the person in the u.s. house who gets through the house the fair labor standards act which is the first time that the u.s. set a national mum minimum wage and anti-child labor law. she gets it through congress. she did not have a college degree. she was not an activist in a thousand organizations. she was not a suffragist. but she was a great politician. a really great politician. one of the things that you will see, these women involved in national politics, the ones who are successful, one of the things they have in common is they are white. women who are successful at the national level are white. women of color have more luck in state and not so much in national elections. black women become important players in the early '20s in the republican party. the overwhelming majority of black political activists in

>> i think that president should make congress eat their own cooking. i disagree with john, it would start a sterno thing. david: keeping the cooking thing going. >> yeah, to go ahead and fix the law. it's astonishing that they write a law that americans lose their coverage, lose their doctors, but they keep their coverage, that's funded by taxpayers, something is not right there. david: steve, what about that, an executive order to try to stop this. >> probably unconstitutional, the executive branch interfering with the legislative branch. what's better is transparency, what they get in salary, the cost of free gym and sauna, and parking at airport, retirement plan, off 239 days a year and put that online with a dollar cost and have it up on the websites, you'd get a reaction. >> quickly, it was unconstitutional when president obama said opm, you can treat congress like small businesses. they went and did an end run around the procedures there, obama did. david: besides the perks there, pill bill, they violate laws we couldn't get away with. we mention

most members of congress can make far more money when they leave the congress then they get paid by the government while they are in the congress. so you say, well, why do they want to get reelected? many of them,ly because it was true for me, want to get reelected so that they can do something for what they believe in. the only reason iran for congress was to be an a position to do something for what i believed in -- the only reason i ran for congress was to be in a position to do some thing i believed in. you may have agreed or disagreed with me on some of the things i believed in. but i think that is a tremendous motivation for members of congress. and some probably just like to be called a member of congress and like to be able to get on see their facesd on television. it is different for everyone. but there is a reality that when you run, you take on a tremendous response ability and want to get reelected. host: one more call, republican line. caller: health care system to other countries. canada.ne on and they did single-payer system. cons to both nd sides, it's a very extremely c

the unions did not like it and voted out by congress. -- it is so rare to get congress to do something so brave like that, in the same thing happen with carter's civil-service reform act. they started niggling away at it right from the day it took effect. it was mye and maybe fault. we do not get along too well with congress. but you mentioned ash, and i get s one of the greatest stories about government management. i always tell it. he was giving a speech and he was chairman of intel or the president of intel before he went into the government -- whatever it was. and he is talking to these chief executives in the youate sector, and he says, have to understand the government is so different from your private sector. he said, what would you do if your board of directors had on it your union leaders, your inosing businesses you are competition with -- you are bureaucracywith, a you cannot fire, and he goes to seven or eight things, and says, would you run your business different? of course, in the government we have, and during most of his time, congress, which is your board of directors

debt the government crashes toward the limit with congress yet to vote on raising the ceiling will it get done before money runs dry and up for grabs amazon is looking for fifty thousand new employees holding job fairs around the country and hiring on the spot will be free or report from one warehouse in baltimore that time starts right now. u.s. investors disenchanted with the dollar are falling in love with european stocks but like any affair it comes with risk to start we've seen europe outperform in a number of areas which actually has some has a tenth the market will correct itself and then there's the case of e.u. banks they're still nearly one trillion euros worth of bad loans in the european banking system that's more than five percent of all e.u. loans while. as a whole banks could probably still make the average ratio there's a huge difference from country to country ranging from bad loans making up one percent to nearly fifty percent of all loans the countries with the highest bad loan ratios are greece cyprus portugal italy slovenia and ireland this month the officials hav

pieces of paper i would be providing you two more pieces then the treasury department has given to congress on tax proposals that said with the death the seeming death at least of health care the senate and i think the house also will follow suit are really going to focus on tax reform now i don't think they can get it done this year and so i think markets are becoming you know disconnected with the possibility it is going to be tax reform and therefore more money to invest in markets. but it remains to be seen so far what they've decided to do on the hill at least and on the senate side is go it alone like they did on health care and not in list the democrats to try and do something and i think that's the way they need to go that is to do it a bipartisan way the last time samone that there was tax reform was nine hundred eighty six one ronald reagan was president and that was a bipartisan endeavor. the democrats alike and my experience both it ministrations in working in the house and senate tells me that moderate approaches the use republican and democrat ideas are the ones that get done

. >> host: the national book festival, is the creation of the library of congress? >> it is a partnership and it started in a wonderful way, first lady laura bush who you may know is a librarian started texas book festival when she was first lady in texas and when she became first lady of the nation she approached the library of congress and other literacy partners to start a national book festival and it has been going ever since. >> host: does she have any involvement at this point? >> guest: what we talk about is their legacy and the fact that it started with doctor billington, the 13th slugger in congress, i am 14, and laura bush, first lady at the time. it emphasizes the prominence of the joy of reading and promoting reading. it actually was on the mall, it was outside. there were some concerns, if it gets rained out there you are so it has moved to the convention center in washington dc so you don't have to worry about rain. it is bigger. there are all kinds of venues. it still has that mall feel. you walk around and there are all types of things, you can buy

blames congress for relations with moscow with. another mico from the white house transcripts of the u.s. president's calls with world leaders all released by the media raising fears over issues of u.s. national security. the opposition in venezuela says it will refuse to vacate part of the country's newly elected constituent assembly prepares for its. rescue.

the way that congress works. there are some who have argued that gingrich made major contributions to the house and also contributed to increased partisanship and those other two have argued that it's contextual factors and we can delve into that and provide an answer to that question and third, the model of leadership that can explain the kinds of things gingrich did not only as speaker and also as an informal lead and are someone outside of leadership so very briefly, i want to talk about some of the other things that others said about gingrich in trying to conceptuali conceptualize gingrich as a lead are in the house of representatives. barbara wrote a piece that gingrich should be thought of as an agent when he was speaker and an agent of his party and constrained by the things his party wanted him to do or didn't want him to do, and strahan wrote about gingrich as speaker as nor of a transformational leader which is more by the nature in which he was elected was able to bring about substantive changes and ma

second, we want to delve a little bit into his contributions to congress and the way congress works. there are some that argued that gingrich made major contributions to the house and also contributed to increased partisanship. there's others who have argued that it's really other factors, contextual factors responsible for those sort of things. we're hopeful we can delve into that if not provide a definitive answer to that question. and the third is to suggest a model of leadership that can explain the kinds of things gingrich did not only as a speaker but also as an informal leader, someone who is outside of leadership. things other leaders have said about gingrich. st. clair wrote a piece where gingrich should have been thought of as an agent of his party. randy strahan wrote about gingrich's speaker as more of a transformational leader. who was able because of the nature in which he was elected and the party in which he led was a bell to bring about substantive change, major independent changes to congress. and then i've argued that gingrich was one of many speakers who was drive

that is creating more partisanship pcn congress. some of the democrats are moving further left and republicans are moving further right. florida, petersburg, stephen on the line for democrats. caller: good morning. thanks for taking my call. with theholeheartedly public option. what is interesting to me is the poor marketing from the democrats with regard to obamacare. for me and my family it works great. yes, we get a subsidy. we pay about $280 a month for the three of us. we are on an hmo plan, great system, physicians, but nobody talks about that. obamacare may not be perfect, but it is certainly a start. i think the republicans do everything in their power not the legs -- knock the legs out from under the chairs of this obamacare because they don't want to see it -- they don't want a single-payer system. they sabotage it. i hope one day that all of the , who is and congress paying for their health care? we are covering their health care. they should all be on the aca. thank you. allt: under obamacare members of congress do have

congress has formally apologized and indemnified the victims. the main objection has been -- the objection has been to what precipitated the program, but every critic points to the supreme court's failure to stand up for the milligan case's basic injunction, that war does not suspend constitutional protections of liberty. nor should one say that milligan specifically, a military commander took over the government of hawaii after pearl harbor, replacing civil courts with military commissions. that was a decision -- a situation that really paralyzed the milligan situation. the question was whether congress had authorized this action, implying clearly that the court agreed with chase that it could authorize the action and not davis's opinion that it could not, but the court decided that congress had not authorized such trials in hawaii. because america's long heritage of opposition to arbitrary military power made it highly unlikely that congress would have done so and, of course, in that case the court relied on and quoted ex parte milligan. that

. >> another member of congress on the republican side saying the problem is not congress. the problem is vladimir putin and vladimir putin's behavior on the global stage. this is going to do nothing to improve relations between the white house and congress and the president is going to need them if he hopes to after the august break, which as you suggested starting earlier than senator mcconnell wanted rather than next friday when they come back to pass a healthcare bill because the president believes they have a chance to do it. the president teasing us earlier today with a big announcement in west virginia tonight. don't know exactly what it is. whispers tell me it may have something to do with coal exports. we're digging, shep. >> shepard: john roberts live at the white house. thanks very much. for those that may question the transcripts, they're available for you. here's how you can find them. go to google and type "washington transcripts." they'll be the first thing you see. every word between the two leaders and our president is written there. coming up, we'll speak