>> i believe it is not because that is a situation where congress would be seizing we are choosing the states that you may not participate to regulate commerce that is taking place in your state we don't want to take any responsibility we want to put the burden of accountability and expense on the states to do so this is quintessentially. >> this is what i am asking is that you are suggesting the federal government to preempt the state has some type of comprehensive regulatory scheme. and the question is, what are we looking for? if that was the test? how do we know that they have enacted regulatory comprehensive scheme in order to allow preemption of state rules xp mcneely thing i would say to answer your question is when you say sufficiently comprehensive to the extent the federal government or congress has taken responsibility to regulate in that field, once it has done so it can then preempt under the supremacy clause inconsistent or contradictory state laws but the supremacy clause is where this comes from. it requires the constitution statutes or treaties are the supreme law of t

it is a box check, not a barrier. >> is congress becoming -- how many apps are available in congress right now? >> you just heard a presentation on the apps that are on the bill. i probably know of 10 others, all within the past two years since the last hackathon that are focused on congress. that are used by staff and members of congress. just like in the private sector, apps are popping up everywhere. >> are you finding the american public is responding to this electronic digital age? >> absolutely. the public has never been more engaged. you saw one of the presenters talk about the number of females coming into congress. it is far higher this year than the past couple of years combined. that shows the public is very engaged and the public is speaking out loudly and all that is happening in congress. >> is this an event where bipartisanship is very important? >> absolutely. i'm a partisan staffer, a democratic staffer. i get a lot more satisfaction out of doing this work because it is entirely bipartisan. i have great partners on the leadership side. it's really rewarding. there is

congress do something?but do something and agree on at least one thing, and frankly i -- i ran out of -- answers to the questions and i decided i should do a book on this that answers the question and do it the way i know best the sterical look kind of a snarky look and a dry policy book on the gun violence debate in congress. my mother would not have even purchased it. [laughter] so i decided to make it accessible and my views probably not that ever congress will probably not do anything on this. i think that the -- students from park land may be changing the narrative and here's why. and here i take my authors hat off and put on my political hat, i have a theory of campaigns that -- and i know there are a lot of political activists here. when -- children and their parents begin talking about an issue at the kitchen table that changes narrative of a campaign, and if you have these kids and it spreads, talking about this saying well you know why can't congress do something can we grow on this and whether, w

so congress passed the ukraine freedom support act of 2014. we made it clear that we insisted upon sanctions being imposed unless russia complied with the minsk agreement. it's pretty simple, easy way, comply with that agreement. we didn't think that was too much to ask and yet, russia still has not complied with the minsk agreement. so we were able to get the europeans to work with us. they're obviously much closer to russia than we are from the point of view of their economy so it was extremely important to get the -- europe's cooperation in dealing with that. our purpose for using these tools is, yes, to change russia behavior. we want and we'll never recognize russia's annex asian of crimea, the part of ukraine. we'll make that clear and president trump's going to make that clear. so, part of it is to make it clear what our policy is. our policy is to get russia stopping to interfere with the sovereignty of other countries, but it's also to change their calculation. now, we go back in history as to what was the motivating cause for russia'

and if you think about congress in comparison to the executive branch, congress has branch offices inevery community basically in the country. it is set up and mirrored in a decentralized way like the internet is. and if you add in block chain and some other advances that are coming online, i'm bringing up block chain in a sense was i think -- because i think if congress skips a generation, we're in the moonshot, so i feel like i can say this. we can have direct relationships with our communities, and we could see in the next ten years and hopefully in our lifetimes congress acting as a thing that we actually all probably think it is when we're in social studies, but we're all represented by these people and by this body. it hasn't been this way during the era of broadcast media. if you look at the press conference, they were talking to us, and then we would write in through these broken things. we now have infrastructure that has never really been before possible in democracy to be able to have this communication happen. so i don't want to just push block chain as a possibility here,

so congress had a role. that's because the president was doing things become to take away the powers of congress. the review statute worked from the point of view we had a more open process. gives a stronger agreement. the american people understood it better. i think it did do its work but we don't have the stability from one administration to the next because i don't think anyone envisioned once it was signed and executed and enforced that the next administration, even if it was a republican administration would pull out of it. so you're right, we would be better off ratifying treaties. but in the short term it's like a happen. it will require a different standard. >> it is time to let you go back to congress. we wish we could keep you here but, you are a needed message of u.s. leadership of values, bipartisanship and unity. that is the best medicine we can have at the end of a long day. [applause] [inaudible conversation] [inaudible conversation] [inaudible conversation] [inaudible conversation] [inaudibl

because it makes the 115th congress the most closed congress ever. my republican friends have made history for all the wrong reasons. but we should not let this milestone go unrecognized right from the very beginning. because it's a sad point in this chamber's history. it is why we have ignored virtually every major issue the public cares about. it is why this congress can't get anything done. . it is why we're so dysfunctional. it is clear it me that the majority has turned a deaf ear, which is absolutely shameful. please know this that 1,793 amendments offered by members of this body have been denied. when i came to congress in 1992, there was an echo chamber from the right talking about the democrats' closed rules. quite frankly at that time i did not understand that dynamic. and i arrived here and during that particular session of ongress we did have open rules, but there were closed rules as well. when nancy pelosi was last speaker, we had 12 open rules. this speaker, our now lame duck peaker, up to this point has been and is the only speaker of

it's hard to make new ones and if you think about congress and the executive branch, congress has branch offices in every community in the country. it is set up and mirrored in a decentralized way. if you add in other advances only in bringing it up because i think congress skips a generation i feel like i can say this, we could have direct relationship between our constituencies using this infrastructure and we could see in the next ten years and hopefully in our lifetime, congress acting the way we all think it is in social studies class. we are represented by the people in the body. it hasn't been this way and the error broadcast media. they were talking to us and we would write in. we have infrastructure never really possible. i don't want it is just a possibility here but i think this body more than everything else is set up to realize the present and future. >> thank you for taking time out of your day to participate and hack upon. there's so much going on with social media or legislation assessable and have people track that in real time. how we can have data driver decision-makin

congresses. since these archival records are so key, we are trying something new. we will post these on our respective websites, so you can access them in conjunction with the video of today's discussion. with tha let me introduce you to today's moderatort,, and coproducer of many prior legacy forms, jeff shepherd. he joined nixon's staff in 1969 as a white house fellow, then spent the next five years as a member of his domestic counsel. please welcome jeff shepherd. [applause] jeff: thank you, david. we have worked together for eight years, and david and his chapter at the archives cosponsors with the richard nixon foundation, and it has been just a superb partnership. as you might imagine, the archives has the records, all the documents, and what we in the foundation produce are the people who wrote them. these forums are designed for the authors of the documents, members of nixon's white house, to discuss the why and the how behind the documents. so we hope, in the future, that scholars and re

as it turned out rankin left the membership of congress, but she did not leave congress or the nation behind. instead it she returned again and again to the capital to testify before house and senate committees. in the 1920s and 30s rankin remained active in the peace and social welfare movement. she lobbied congress on behalf of herself an organization seeking to prevent child labor and improve working conditions. in 1920 she testified for the need to improve the current health in rural areas and in 1920 when she defended the federal trade commission's ability to investigate industrial practices at. in the 30s she turned her attention back to antiwar concerns. representing the national council for the prevention of war congressional hearing. as she did so she irritated more than one member of congress who objected to a proposal. in the 1935 hearing entitled taking the profit out of war rankin stated i protested in a vote against the early war and i am still against this war. the last war was a rich man's work, but it was a poor man who fought the war. never the less the committee has

i mean, congress could have done that. these are the really important ones -- frederick liu: well, i -- neil gorsuch: a through d -- frederick liu: i think, actually -- neil gorsuch: -- e through g, forget about those. frederick liu: i think congress actually told us in 1996 and then again in nacara in 1997, and these provisions are at the statutory appendix at 69(a). in 1996, when congress enacted this very statute, it said that the stop-time rule should apply to notices to appear issued before the effective date. the question arose, there were no notices to appear because there were only orders to show cause. so what could congress have been talking about? it went through the trouble the following year to clarify that those notices to appear that they were talking about were the old orders to show cause. and the old orders to show cause didn't have to require a date and time. so that's proof right there in the statutory history that congress thought about what's necessary to -- to be a notice to appear and what's not, an

by congress. that is followed by the conclusion of our original series, landmark cases, with regents of the university of california versus bakke, which focused on the issue of affirmative action. and later, members of congress discussed the legislative agenda in the week ahead. were history unfolds daily. in 1970 nine, c-span was created as a public service by america's cable television companies. and today, we continue to bring you unfiltered coverage of congress, the white house, the supreme court, and public policy events in washington dc and around the country. c-span is brought to you by your >> this week on "the communicators," a visit to capitol hill and a congressional hackathon. staffers and outside groups pitch ideas about abs they have created and how to make congressional information more accessible. this is part to a seminar called "a congressional hack on." >> for those of you who have not been here before, this is a unique event. it is an event in the capital like no other, where p

congress. >> host: and what's one system that's come out of these hackathons that you use in your office now. >> guest: i think it's a little different since i'm not in a -- i don't interact directly with constituents, it's a little different for me. but for what i've seen come out of here, i know the ability to have marine-readable data -- machine-readable data is really important for people to be able to see what we're doing up here. i work on the house floor, so i'm regularly on c-span, and it's a great way to see and have people have the ability to see what we're doing on the house floor in terms of the votes and break it down that way. >> host: the word hack has a negative connotation, doesn't it? why'd you choose that for this seminar? >> guest: i think we're just continuing along with the tradition we've had since 2011, and i think it's sort of, you know, we want to bring people together to create solutions and find the pain points and bring some together to do those things. >> host: now

it's not a barrier. >> host: steve dwyer, as congress becoming -- how many apps are available from congress right now? >> i gave a presentation on behalf our office built. i probably know 10 others are within the past two years it has launched and are focused on congress that are used by staff and members of congress. just that the private sector and it's making it a better place to work. >> host: defined the american public is responding to the select tronic digital age? >> guest: absolutely. the public has never been more engaged. talking about the number of e-mails coming into congress. far higher this year than the past couple years combined. that shows the public is very engaged in speaking out loudly in all that is happening in congress. >> host: is this an event where bipartisanship is very important? >> guest: absolutely. i'm a democratic staffer network on partisan issues, but a lot more satisfaction out of doing this work because it's entirely bipartisan. at the great partners that help put together hackathon and it's really rewarding and there is no partisanship here. we are all

if the president can ask congress to pull it back. >> why does congress need to approve it? >> they've already passed laws that make this money available and the reason that congress did that is because they wanted this money to be spent. the president signed those appripriations laws so the president went along. if we're going to change law, then we need to pass a new law to do that. >> what happened before 1974 that the impoundment control act was needed? >> nixon refused to spend money on a number of programs he didn't like. perhaps the best known is the wick program providing food for pregnant women and small children. president nixon was not impressed with that. refused to spend the money and there was a will tlot of pushin and forth. it was chaotic and congress and the president decided there needed to be b a better way to revolve this. >> explain the difference between the president rescinding requests of any funds that have been appropriated, but not yet obligated. >> when you spend money, there's several steps involved. the first is where congress passes the a law,

we are telling the story of congress. it is as you mentioned the only exhibition in the world that tells the story of the united states congress and the capitol. we also have two theaters where one is on the house side and one is on the senate side, and the areas are made to look similar to the chambers and we show a film that explains how congress works, how the house works and how the senate works. we also have a rotating exhibit. that does occur every six months. so a tremendous investment in that. we have a working group, content working group that includes the house and senate, curators and historians, folks from the archives, the library of congress. they all work together to come up with a quality exhibit that we refresh every six months. >> sure. i think your reference is kind of the redesign of exhibition hall and your comments. what was the purpose of the necessity of those needs or in your opinion, why do you think that was necessary? and can you also address where you are in the process? >> sure. we had always

congress had a role that that was because the president was doing things taking away the power of congress. it was not so much for us to codify what he was doing. the review statute i think work from the point of view we had a much more open process. i think it was a stronger agreement. the american people understood it better. wehink it did its work but don't have the stability from one administration to the next because, quite frankly, i don't think anyone envisioned once the agreement was signed and executed and enforced and there weren't violations that the next administration, even of it was republican, would pull out of it. i don't think the europeans expected that. you would be better off ratifying treaties but in the short term, that's not going to happen. it will require a different standard to be used by the senate than we have been using the last 20 years. >> my watch says it's time to let you go back to congress. >> aw, i can't stay here? [laughter] >> we would love for you to stay here but you are a needed message in the u.s. leadership, of values, of bipartisanship, of unity

under corker-kaine congress retains the right to object to mission creep but unless congress can muster a majority, to overturn the president's decision, he gets to expand the war at will. also under corker-kaine, the legislation doesn't sunset every four years as a congressional oversight provision, but again unless congress can muster a vetoproof majority, the war authority will continue and be perpetually renewed indefinitely. this is not a way of reasserting congresses constitutional powers. powers. it's rather a method for institutionalizing the forever war. and it turns the constitution upside down. this is not the way the constitutional democracies are supposed to go to war. other membership introduce somewhat narrower aumfs, on the house side bipartisan group led by congressman mike coffman, he has drafted alternative that features a five-year sunset. the authority will actually expire unless it is permanently renewed. congressman adam schiff aumf has a three-year sunset. but both of these include fairly broad associated forces provision that allow the president to expand the ta

i do think that the yeen of the hill gives congress -- queen of the hill gives congress to work its will in the most generous way. everybody will have their chance to vote on whether it's goodlatte, the make america white again bill, or pure dream act, which will be ideal, compromise, aguilar-hurd, which is what we want to be last so it will be the queen of the hill. or the speaker can put together a bill. maybe they're capable of putting together a bill that they think can get bipartisan support. we haven't seen it yet. but i'm really proud of the work that's done by members, regular order members working together on both sides. it's not a leadership product. this is a product they came together, wrote their bill, gained support. we didn't sign -- i didn't sign until today at their direction. it's pretty exciting. you know, it's a funny thing about the dreamers. they have such idealism about america. they make us all so proud. that's why their numbers are in the 80% or more in terms of famblt among the american people. -- favorability among the american people. this president is the fir

and when they hand it over to pro-trump members of congress, presumably those pro-trump members of congress are just directing that stuff to the attention of the white house and the president and his legal team so they can help him in his case. none of this is the way things usually are done. and honestly, however this all shakes out, what's already been done by the justice department in the past year and a half will inflect forever any future assertion by the government that they can't hand something over because it pertains to an ongoing investigation. forever now. there is a rejoinder that oh, yeah? look what you did during the trump administration. look at all that ongoing investigative material you that handed over. they've already broken those norms for the trump presidency. why have they done that? i don't know. but even with that very difficult history of the last year, now the justice department is crossing yet another rubicon. when the president demanded yesterday that the justice department open an investigation into the way the russia investigation has been conducted, the justic

a sad milestone that makes this congress the most closed congress in history. this is the most closed congress ever in the history of the united states of america. in fact, speaker ryan is the speaker in the history of our country to never have a truly open rule. but i think the american people hold the majority in this house to a higher standard. just consider what republicans have blocked from even getting a debate under this rule. the majority on the rules committee decided to block the bipartisan mcgovern-jones-lee-garamendi kildee-welsh amendment. this is a straightforward measure. it says if the president and the pentagon want to escalate the number of u.s. troops deployed in afghanistan in the next fiscal year, they need to send a report to congress. we would then have 30 days to either disapprove of this escalation or allow it to move forward. it's simple because all it asks is for this congress to do its job, to stop abdicating its responsibility. it has been 17 years since congress last passed an aumf. we have been told year after year, congress after

. >> this week on "the communicators", a visit to capitol hill and look at how congress is working to improve its use of technology, staffers and outside groups put ideas about apps they have created and how to make congressional information more accessible. this is part two of a semi called the congressional taxon. ... >> it is an interesting group that work on the hill with technology and staffers there is a lot of chief of staff that are here and advocates and civil society in a lot of people from the larger companies that are not necessarily working with capitol hill community is closely. we are thrilled your back for another great event and we are changing up the format a little bit so just so you know , we will hear from the sponsor and the majority leader mccarthy that will speak here shortly and one other speaker then we will go into the quick pitch. which is new this year that you all submitted ideas and i'm sorry we could not select all of them because we did get great suggestions. but you only have three minutes it is rapidfire interesting digital things going on capitol hi

perhaps of it's behind but at the end of the day the illiteracy of congress is thoroughly. established at this point. in this in this final met a minute here i wanted to get to you know this is a very racially charged time and as things get worse in our country it's you know the people that feel the first brunt of it are the worst of it are going to be and already minorities in immigrants do you feel your background gives you a vantage and defending people of color right now. yes absolutely you know i am an immigrant muslim i have taken direct action with the movement for black lives i have. argued in policy for the immigrant rights movement. in the policies here and in the courts and in the media challenge the f.b.i. infiltration of muslim communities as well as quaker peace groups and animal rights activists you know the concerns of any particular minority community and give us a lens through which to understand the corruption of the system that is abusing all of us in different ways right it's not just the war on drugs it's not just the war on terror and it's not just th

last week, scott pruitt was here testifying before congress. i asked him a very simple question, how many investigations are you currently under? well, i thought it was a simple question, but mr. pruitt couldn't answer it. he is under so many investigations for his self-dealing swampy behavior that he couldn't give a number. the answer is at least 15, at least 15 investigations and now we have a sitting cabinet member raising money from an outside legal defense fund, and we don't even know who is paying. scott pruitt was hired for a reason. his big polluter backers put him in charge because they knew he would put their profits first. he is selling away our clean air and clean water to the highest bidder, as long as he can keep his first-class seats and 24/7 security, as long as the special interests continue to bank roll his political future. americans look at people like scott pruitt and they see a washington that is not just hopelessly out of touch, but fundamentally broken. democrats have a plan to fix it, with historic reforms to put the am

you are a great member of congress. and the term that does not get used often except for when you recognized -- is the statesman. >> can i say one thing? i want to thank all of you. i think we have a serious challenge in america today. i think the rule of law is under assault. i think our law enforcement officials are under assault. the law has been america's greatest single asset. and you are -- i am a lawyer so i am not totally objective on this issue obviously. lawyers sometimes get a lot of flak. but the fact of the matter is, it is the law. it is our greatest defense in the final analysis. as a democracy and as a people and as a culture. and i want to thank each and everyone of you for what you do every day to promote and defend the rule of law. god bless you, thank you. [ cheering ] [ applause ] >> i am very pleased to welcome -- first of all, thank you to denny hoyer. i know he is still in the room. really delighted to have a member of the membership from the democratic side. we had to go ryan. a great lineup. ou

we say, no congress can bind a subsequent congress. no congress can say, you shall appropriate x dollars going into the future and have that be irreversible. all decisions made by our predecessors in previous congresses and signed by any previous president can be reversed by the united states congress, if it's our will to do that. we don't accept sazz sacrosanct a decision made by by a previous congress and neither should we accept a decision sank row sant made by a previous -- sank sant made by -- sacrosanct a previous supreme court. we shouldn't allow ourselves to be bound by those decisions, even if we have to go back to challenge marbury at some point. but we won't have to do, that mr. speaker. because i believe the next appointment to the supreme court brings a strict constructionist, an originalist, to the court, as promised by president trump. he followed through with neil gorsuch. i believe he'll follow through with the second appointment to the court. if given that opportunity, we need to move heartbeat legislation over to the

the record of this congress is quite spectacular. we will add more achievements throughout the summer. fully intend to by taking up the farm bill, the national defense authorization act, and functioning on appropriation bills which the democrats grounded to a halt last year. we don't think that will happen this year. >> i wasn't suggesting you had nothing done. i was suggesting how much more could get done in the additional time if you choose to do that. if the house discharges position on daca succeed would you take that up? >> my thoughts on immigration. in february i brought up the subject of immigration. we spent a week on the senate floor and passed nothing. if there is a bill that clears the house then ihat will take up floor time. not to mention additional confirmations of judges and members of the executive branch pending before us. >> a couple more quick things. one is the president and this administration not just from democrats, here is senator jeff flake in pointed language yesterday. >> your national leadership is well,

i wouldn't say quickly getting to a place i would say we have long been at a place where congress has no clue not just about it in the facebook hearings were a perfect example of what i would describe as congressional illiteracy about issues that are of global importance and yet we charge these people with making the law and it's absurd when the people who are charged with making the law reveal their profound ignorance of the issues that they're addressing is not just facebook right i mean most members of congress have no idea how the separation of powers works that's one reason why they haven't been as offended about the increasing authoritarianism and the rise of executive power and it's bipartisan and transshipment over the last particularly eighteen years there's a whole set of other issues and if you think about members of congress being basically. selected from the richest class of americans and i think largely they are insulated from the pressures that working americans face it's another dimension of congressional ignorance because members of congress don't recognize that there

how many times, nine/11, members of congress held hands -- 9/11 members of congress held hands, and saying "od plus a met -- "god bless america."we don't want devastating -- something devastating to happen to our country. if you were in control for a day, how would you help that relationship? rep. steny hoyer: i would need longer than a day. [laughter] respect -- this problem and any respect is not the making of us, but technology has made it to go back and forth. the politics of america become much more competition all, divided. politics has always been rough. savage. jefferson or has always been benign -- it's not as if the press or public discourse has always been benign. what we have now is a magnification of that discourse. a coarsening of that discourse. and, paying no price for that discourse. if you talk, you talked about the attack on the congressman. the consultant woman will tell you, if the positive -- you are going to score part -- against an incumbent, you will buy bringing the incumbent down, with a positive attitude, on whatever issue of you may think the incumbent is vulne

the united states congress is certainly no exception. here, as everywhere, employees must be free to work without fearing they'll be the victim of harassment. so a consensus emerged among members in both the house and the senate that we should do more to hold people accountable, protect staff, and help prevent harassment in the first place. that's exactly what will happen under the proposal that our colleague senator blunt and senator klobuchar have developed. these colleagues of ours deserve big thanks. they are a thorough, -- their thorough, bipartisan collaboration has produce add proposal to reform how congress handles federal workplace violations, particularly harassment. it will help this institute take an important step forward. it achieves many of the important goals that members of both parties have put forward in recent months. there was widespread consensus that members of congress who commit sexual harassment should reimburse taxpayers for the cost of claims or settlements. this reform achieved that and more. it requires memb

congress has a right to oversee it. devon nunes is chairman of the intel committee, so classified information can be sent to the intel committee, not to the entire body. that is the role that they have but for every time they have stonewalled us we've not given up and when we did get the information, it was very interesting how the information would come forward that people would then start resigning or quitting from these organizations based upon the action that they took place. i think from my point of view is we will not stop because we are separate but co-equal and we will take every process that we have in the power to get the information that we have a right and responsibility to see. maria: there's an op-ed in the journal by kim strassel on friday and she writes the credibility of the house's oversight authority is at stake. paul ryan's committee chairman have done remarkable work expos ing fbi behavior and they serve backup. mr. ryan needs to state strongly and publicly that he is about proceeding down the road

only one congress wasn't in session. 39th ew congress, the congress, wasn't assembled until december 1865. has a fairlytually long breathing spell with which get all of these plans to get up and running. week before l the congress convenes that republicans caucus together and determine that they aren't going put up with this. the first thing they do is they new that the representatives from the southern states will not be seated. house of of the representatives will not seat them. because, of course, congress has power to determine who will sit in its own ranks. thing. the first the second thing, a civil rights infranchise the black voters of the south. we're going to turn things completely. and then, by march of 1867, a reconstruction acts, restructure ntirely the way that the state governments of the south are to operate. so this is the republican esponse in congress to the threat that's posed here, and what does andrew johnson do in the face of it? single one of those measures that they pass, he bill, civil rights vetoes it. a bill to extend the freed man's bureau which provided a

you're running for congress. listen to what he had to say after words starting getting out about the shooting. >> we may have to look at the design of our schools moving forward and retrofitting schools that are already built. what i mean by that, there are too many entrances and too many exits to our over 8,000 campuses in texas. maybe we need to look at limiting the entrance and the exits into our schools so that we can have law enforcement looking at the people who come in one or two entrances. >> what do you think about that idea in. >> i think it's not a good idea. i think that poes a safety issues there limiting the number of exits and entrances for the students. in the event of these shootings, if the students don't have ways to exit the building, then that is a liability in itself. i just don't think that's the answer. >> matt, you were shaking your head, as well. >> yeah, i mean the central problem with that is that this is not a school safety issue. this is an american safety issue. and while it hasn't

congress has the sole authority to change the law. we can't allow the president of the united states to change the law. that's what happened here. >> we've been covering the stories of the caravan and

congress has to acts bylaws. it could not be used in any kind of immigration enforcement proceeding. the only data that's made available to us is abery vault gaps, are not provided to us, those are kept conif i denying alibi the census bureau and every employer to nondisclosure flement, and you can't just. any questions to regard sin seen is'. it could not be used. my understanding of the law congressman it cannot be used in any immigration enforcement proceeding. it could not be used -- i believe -- my understand. >>> i know what we received in the differently rights division and all of those are protected by law and the conif i denyings amounts on the census is protected by an act of congress. so, once again, mr. bore -- let me -- nothing the number of citizens in any district will help reduce voter fraud by providing a more complete picture of the eligible voters in a district. let's say there are 300,000 in a district, and only 50,000 show up, you would know there is a problem. would you say voter fraud occur

and in those days, the congress acted. the congress acted after -- as we all know, many efforts by the president and the leadership in both the house and the senate and in the administrative branch. and just think about what happened in 1965. the sill rights act was passed in -- the civil rights act was passed in '64. the voting rights act in '65. medicare in '65. headstart for little kids before school in '65. the elementary and secondary education act in '65 with title 1 which was the first federal aid to elementary and second rare education worth noticing. and then in november, johnson signed the higher education act of '65 which john will be discussing in greater detail. it revealed an astonishing ability for those who disagreed in the congress on many subjects to find compromises in order to enact that legislative agenda. and it was two oregonians, a very strong minded teacher woman from oregon named edith green, a democrat who was in the house, joined by another oregonian, a man named wayne moore who was sometimes a

is a campaign question or a congress question? supreme court cases, this is throwing the dark at the target. we really don't know. -- marbury favorites versus madison, judicial review. ccullough. v.my: maryland. more recently, let's not forget those privacy cases, rowe and griswold. i know you don't like this one, v. new york in 1925 is the first elected interpretation case where the united states supreme court, little by little, applied the provision of the bill of rights to the state using the due process clause of the 14th amendment. guest: if i can add a couple of supreme court cases -- brown v. the board of education, where the supreme court uses the protection cause of the 14th amendment. it is a case you should understand that. carr, which is a gerrymandering case, saying the supreme court to review cases of about gerrymandering of the state level and making sure the sisters have equal population, which help increases the racial and ethnic population. and shake versus the united , where particularly in cases of national sec

in some way so that is made in america and congress in the capital have that fighting force as we go out with those items that are made across the country. we have 425 small business is that we work with. so to answer your question it is all going very well. and you have enough revenue to support last year was the best year we ever had 26% i'm sorry we were up 24% over the previous year so we are buying things that people want offering at a price point that is affordable and that they can take that momentum home with them. >> how can we help on this committee with your biggest challenges? >> the biggest challenge has been our budget and we have been flat for several years serving more and more people and that takes more and more staff we have seen an increase in visitors but a decrease in the number of staff as we try to meet the budgetary guidelines. recently for 18 we did receive a small increase in the salaries which we very much appreciate to fully staff more teams to address all visitor needs the most of that went to the education department and we have developed all sorts of wo

congress office of compliance. kansas congressman kevin yoder chaired the hearing. >> meeting will come to order. thank you, everybody, for attending this hearing on the office of compliance. this is maybe our fifth hearing, fourth or fifth hearing in the last week or so as we work on our fy 2019 appropriations legislation. we appreciate ms. grundmann coming to attend the hearing today. i don't believe we had a hearing with you last year. my first year chairing the committ committee. we're thankful you're here today. from time to time you're brought in for hearings and sometimes you're not. we're glad you're here and we preciate your work. ms. grundmann is the executive director of the congressional office of compliance established by the congressional accountability act of 1995. the office of compliance is tasked with dispute resolutions, safety and health compliance, and educational offerings across the legislative branch. over the past year, the office has received much attention as the house has debated how bes