guest: congress absolutely needs to weigh in. the issue here is not to take all money out of politics. the question is, what should the role of money be? how do we ensure that constituents have a voice and feel like they have a voice? the biggest issue for members of congress as they have approval ratings hovering in the single-digit or very low teens. there an interest among congress to make any changes to these leadership pac;s? saying as i started out guest: that members of congress were saying do you know what is going on with these leadership pacs, so that actually came from conversations with current members of congress >> we take you live now to the heritage foundation for the hearings of judge kavanaugh. has served onh the u.s. court of appeals for the district of columbia since 2005. in that time he has written hundreds of judicial appearance -- judicial opinions. we will be hearing from lawyers and law professors. expecting this to start shortly just waiting for the panel to take seats. you're watching live coverage on

congress. it does not know political history, congressional history, rules and procedures. know,y would rather, you transfer their obligation to someone else and not function. host: any response? at think there is a winner a lot of members of congress, especially members elected in this century, have never really seen the institution function. they have not been able to see significant pieces of legislation move through the , the way that large legislation did have for most of the 20th century, so their sense of the pattern of legislation has certainly changed. i do think that means that a sense of what is normal, but since of how congress is supposed to work, is offkilter. it is a problem that affects both parties, but there are younger members, so it is something we have seen more in the republicans that have control of both houses. host: thomas in pennsylvania, a republican. hi, tom. aller: republican senators over a lot -- these shooting of steve scully some of the -- the shooting of steve

of congress themselves. from florida she said in her announcement was the realizatioe realization i couldn't keep getting elected. one said the ability to get something done is the question for people that want to serve in public office. one former member noted those in office wants to affect outcome and they want to be legislators not orders. in light oin either they draw aw with the moderate members in congress to illustrate how the service wasn't for those in the middle of the parties became more polarized. i'm going to highlight a few examples of how the party and personal benefits of serving in congress diminished as the parties drifted apart. with respect to the policy privy impact, one moderately interviewed said he would appoint a delegation to the speaker and save say i've got 40 votes in my pocket unless he banned the policy. we are forced to be reckoned with if we didn't go with them they didn't have the majority and we could influence the policy on a daily basis. this is a member that served in t

he wanted a public trial, and congress stalled. he realized i am just going to keep losing power while this is hanging over me. fromsigned, june 6, 1989 the speakership, and later in the month, at the end of june, he resigned completely from congress. have copies, awe draft and a final copy of his response to these charges. we also have letters written to him by his constituents in support of him that he kept. photographs.ome this is when he made his resignation speech in congress. and we have a draft copy with of thees and corrections speech, his final speech that he he beginsngress and by saying, for 34 years, i had the great privilege to be a member of this institution. that is more than half my life. evenen grateful old -- and you, myple -- colleagues, my greatest honor. you may be certain that i would never purposely or knowingly violate any of its rules. those rules are precious to me. the speaker of the house is in fact the chief enforcer all of the rules of the house, and of course, he must abide by them, just as we expect

[applause] >> who knew a book about congress could have such a reaction. i am the owner of politics & prose on behalf of everybody thank you for being here. so part of the story that we are here does involve a chapter in the history of congress told by john lawrence in his new book the class of 74 about that reflects his own journey and what completed the circle for him back in the 1970s he earned a phd in history at berkeley. but instead of pursuing a career he ended up in capitol hill as a staff member in the house of representatives spending 38 years there initially for congressman george miller from california and the final eight years to serve as chief of staff to nancy pelosi. he left the hell a few years ago and he returned to the academic track to the university of california washington center to write a book that draws on his long experience in congress. he arrived on the hill as one of the members of the class of 74 and outlasted nearly all of them have mac. [laughter] he focuses on this group not because he coincided with them but this was a spe

he wanted a public trial and congress stalled. he realized i am going to keep losing power while this is hanging over me. so he resigned june 6, 1989 from the speakership, and later in the month, at the end of june, he resigned completely from congress. in his papers, we have the copies, draft, and a final copy of his response to these charges. we also have letters written to him by his constituents in the support of him that he kept. we have photographs -- this is when he made his resignation speech in congress. we have a draft copy with his notes and corrections of the speech -- his final speech that he gave in congress. he begins by saying "for 34 years, i have had the great privilege to be a member of this institution that is more than half of my life, even grateful people of the 12th district of texas 18 times. my colleagues, my greatest honor, you may be certain that i would never purposely or knowingly violate any of its rules. those rules are precious to me. th t house is in fact the chief enforcer of the rules of the hous

best in congress. these offices recognize the best assets in their office good on the elevator every day at 6:00 o'clock or more likely eight or 9:00 o'clock. they cultivate professional development for people that work bucks policies resulting in greater employee retention and workplace environment that values people as staff in human beings. finals members and staff, as a student, please stand. [inaudible] please, rice. [applause] to present to the winners of the democracy award for life in congress please welcome to the stage margo, sheet chief extraordinary [inaudible] [applause] >> thank you, brad. it's a great honor for me to be here today. on behalf of the society for human resources management, also known as [inaudible]. sherman is the world's largest hr professional society representing more than 285,000 members and more than 165 countries. for 70 years sean has served the needs as hr profession with resources, advocacy and education while elevating the profession globally. we impact the lives

>> the library of congress started from the congress. they have 100% of a role in terms of making sure we not only serve members of congress and congressional research. i call them the special forces. they give object if information and research to undergird the legislative process. congress make sure and i mentioned my visit throughout the country that people know about the history projects for instance, oral histories and communities and the books program where we make sure those books are available to libraries and schools. they are also very concerned that we make sure the library of congress is -- . >> do you feel supported by the current congress and do they have an interest in the national look festival? >> members of congress i think people would be very pleased to know are eager and they are very interested in making sure that their constituents are aware of library services. this congress in previous congresses have been very involved and are very interested i think in touching history and knowing there's a place in history. >>

and her fellow presenter is jacob straus, specialist on congress with the crs here at library of congress. attended university of maryland, university of florida, taught at frostberg state here in maryland and specializes in lobbying ethics and congressional communications. they're going to be speaking about -- i was trying to figure out how to explain this in a sentence. i came up with interactivity, which is actually a phrase, an expression they came up with. the nexus of evolving trends in the nature of representativeness, representation and and also technology, mostly social media. so join me in welcoming our speakers today. [applause] >> thanks, chuck. we're really happy to be part of this series from the united states capitol historical society today and really excited about these lectures about, concerning congressional capacity. we're happy to welcome you to the library of congress. jacob and i both work here at the library, so it's great to be hosting this lecture here today. a little background, this research started in 2009 really when a few people got together at the congressi

act, congress also does not have unlimited authority. there are things congress might do to contravene the constitution. to the extent you are interpreting congressional action, you interpret to avoid retroactive activity. even the gitmo conflict -- you think, this guy is a bush administration lawyer, he is pro-government. what you find out is, it's not about being pro-or anti-government, what it's about is enforcing the rules as congress has written them and the constitution as the framers understood it to be. when you see there, those cases are ones where he has determined the law can't be applied to these gitmo detainees, because at the time of their conduct, the law was not in place. that is an important thing to see in judge kavanaugh's opinions, which is a recognition of the important role of the branches and of government and constraining individual action but also the importance of civil liberties and their own rights under the law and constitution of the united states. so what you see here is a judge who is a judge's judge. a ju

we know congress is not held in high esteem but the congress we see and you see, the real congress, is made up of amazing dedicated public servants . cmf we can shine a light on these members and offices if only for a brief moment at that time of year when we celebrate democracy and perhaps in many a small way we can chip away at some of the citizens and in our nation. these are the goals of the democracy award and let me explain the history of how they were created and how the finalists and winners were selected. some may recall the congressional management foundation had a history with awards on improving best practices. cmf in 2002 created the gold mouse awards for the best website on capitol hill. this program had a dramatic impact on the institution. we graded all the websites and gave those grades to congressional offices. in the first year of the program, the total websites that got an a or b were only 10 percent but after the first report was published and we did hundreds of training sessions with congressional offices, the percentage of offices that got an a or b using the sam

congress has a quite a bit of a roll. times in partnering with the executive in some of the foreign relations areas. judge kavanaugh is focused on those areas. will turn it to jamail. thanks to my panelists for coming to the heritage foundation and for having us. judged like to talk about kavanaugh's record in national security cases. am a so id myself have a hard stop at 1:00. i will keep it very short so we have time for questions. i will stick around as long as i can. you take from judge kavanaugh's cases is a separation of powers. courtea that each of the and branches of government has a important role to play in national security cases. we historically have thought of national security as an area largely in the control of the president. what is interesting about that is when you look at the constitution, there were eight tremendous number of powers assigned to the president and congress. on eight numerical basis alone, congress has more power if you count up the number of times the national security or foreign policy

congress is broken. i think when you see the bipartisanship that is on the appropriations committee which i don't think a lot of people really take notice of. really is a lot of working across the aisle and a lot of trust. i think members themselves will take notice of what the appropriations committee is working on and how much bipartisanship and i think that might spread out. host: south carolina is next. ben. republicans are good morning. caller: good morning. i'm enjoying his comments and putting down his thing about if a couple can't balance a budget over the kitchen table and how can we expect 300 or 400 guys in congress to get together. that's really a good one. i just -- i don't know why. we do need to do something to force them to balance the budget. like maybe if they don't balance it by a certain date than their pay gets cut 10%. and that they don't balance by another date, 10 more percent. something that would force them. what do you think? guest: it is something that has come up many times.

>> guest: well, the library of congress start today serve congress and they have quite a bit of a role in terms of making sure that we not only serve members of congressmen or staff members, congressional research service that is i call them the special forces, any policy area they give objective, information and research to other, really the legislative process and congress makes sure, i mention my visits throughout the country that people know about history project, for instance, oral histories in communities, that the surplus book's program where we make sure that those books are available to libraries and schools. they are also very concerned that we make sure the library of congress serves them but also the communities. >> host: do you feel supported by this current congress and do they have an interest in the national book festival? >> guest: members of congress and i think people will be pleased to know are readers and very interested in making sure that their constituents all wear library services, this congress and previous congresses have been involved and very interested, i

i had traveled all over the world with the congress, and jim and i, and outside the congress. and i never really traveled in the united states. we had a beach house, so that's always where we vacationed. so i traveled all over the united states. i saw places you can't even believe because we have social security all over, and i made more good friends. those two years, i still have them, as very good friends. and then i didn't think al gore would do that well, and so on his political appointment, so i left, and i went and got a job, and it's -- i was right. he didn't win. and so then i stayed as a lobbyist for two years and then i went and headed up a very large nonprofit. but i should not have run for governor. that mistake, i know very well. in fact, i never mention it. i'm sorry you mentioned it. >> i'm sorry i had to ask. >> it was not a good experience. >> there are now 108 women in congress. there's 88 in the house and 20 in the senate. >> you know, 108 is not 20% yet. >> but the question we have, and we've asked this of everyone we talked to so far, is how many women do

since what mattered to me, and i think what mattered to all of us in congress, was putting the congress first. sadly, the business model of congress doesn't do that. it's not the people. very good people serve in congress, in my view, in both parties. and very good staff serves in congress in both parties but the problem is that the -- the goal of the business model rather than solving problems is to blame the other side for not solving problems. and as a bipartisan here, i will say both parties play this game and the country loses. if you are bipartisan these days, that means you get a primary challenge. and it's very unfortunate for all of us that that seems to be the model. all of us can change it if we are active. this is the point, and pitch the right messages to the right people in both parties. and i think we're going to learn that. congress also is not, i would say, a learning institution. why is that? because people are too busy. i was visiting a senior member of senate today. he said, thank you for coming up here. i don't have time to learn about the issue. the issue i was tal

congress congress comes along after five years and holds hearings and keeps the law for another five years and they hold hearings began an extended for another seven years. you have a lot of experience in southern states still acting in bad faith. congress is having to revisit this loss. they are getting tired. in 1982 the law comes up for renewal and they do some things to correct the law to make it easier to sue under section 2 but the other thing they do is they extend the time period of section 5 the emergency provision. like the suspended laws in place for five years and than seven years. we need a quarter-century of this. they have have the law firm 82 until 2007 and the reason they do it is it takes the issue off the table. they are tired of debating it. it is going to lock it in and let it run. this is something unusual which is the change the evidentiary standard and election laws suspended in place. if we look back the coverage formula under section 4 of the act said you were going to have to have had a testing device in place of less than 50% registration or turn out. in 1

so we are here at the library of congress, our new mission statement at the library of congress. we are happy to be talking about that mission statement, engage, inspire and inform congress and the american people with the universal and enduring source of knowledge and creativity. we hope you are able -- we hope we are able to live up to that. we like this quote from thomas jefferson. there is no subject to which a member of congress may not have occasion to refer. so someone asks why are you studying that we can point to this particular quote. this picture is thomas jefferson's library, the basis for the collections here at the library of congress. they exist one floor above us in thomas jeffersons building. jacob will give us an introduction to the substance of our talk here today. our -- >> we are excited to be able to share our research with you through the capital historical societies summer lecture series. 1973, david mayhew posited members primary, although not only goal, is reelection. this comes with several lines of inquiry. in order for members to be reelected they mus

certainly from the time that gerald ford entered congress, he was elected to congress in 1948 to the time he passed away in 2006. second of all, as joe mentioned, i relied on a wide variety of source material for this book. the records at the ford library were essential, but i turned to nearly a dozen other archives, some with the assistance of asis have a waters as well as secondary works, and journals, and at times dr. waters, a good number of interviews with members of congress and steve ford who was wonderful in speaking with me. thirdly, while a lot has been written about president ford, far less has been written about his prepresidential and post presidential career. and i wanted to give more time to his life before the presidency and after. his upbringing. his time in congress. his life as the next president. readers will find about two-thirds of it is devoted not to ford the president, but ford upbringing, ford the congressperson, ford the expresident. and last but not least, i think that popular culture can say a lot about the times in which people lived. readers will find r

it was a special section -- session of congress. by woodrow wilson when he asked for a declaration of war with germany. it was a momentous time. >> that was the impetus, how did you decide that you wanted to interview former congresswoman? we thought it was the best way to look at the changes in the role of women in congress. we've been doing this since 2004. what better way to learn about women than the people who served. we interviewed staff as well. some of the stories that we learned have been wonderful to learn more about. >> yes, to date we have done about 40 interviews, 30 of which are published on our website. and roughly 25 are former women members. so it is a unique snapshot. and the span of service goes back to the mid-1960's, and all the way up through 2010. it is the real range. >> in terms of the backgrounds, what range do these women represent? >> very different. they are from the different political parties. different ages. we have interviewed women that came to congress when they were younger and they had children.

host: certainly plenty of members of congress, those who are running to win a seat in congress are makinghe midterms about president trump in their advertising campaigns. here is a story about one. a florida candidate, david richardson, hoping to stand out in the 27th district of florida, democratic primary, he goes all in on the impeachment message. here is that. >> i am david richardson. there is one word of official washington doesn't want you to hear. impeachment. i am the only candidate in this race who offers an impeachment bill for the legislature. raising health care costs, siding with vladimir putin and the constant lying, if this is not enough to impeach donald trump -- what is? host: florida primaries coming up later this month. not one of the four states holding primaries today. democrats not the only one focusing on the message of president trump and focusing advertising on president trump. another candidate for governor in florida focused on president trump. husband is knows my endorsed by president trump. is also an amazing dad. he loves playing with the kids. he read stori

that's what led me to a lot of what i did in congress. as the interviews went on, women were telling us stories that were very candid. >> powerful. >> you have an online exhibit, what do visitors find when they go there? >> they will find full transcripts. for researchers, we try to give something to everyone that is looking to learn more about women in congress. there is also video clips, and audio clips. abstracts and biographies. and photographs, we have great photographs. and also some artifacts and objects, many of which come from the house collection. >> and we are still doing interviews, we are still trying to get more former congresswomen and senior women staffers to talk with us, so people can expect to find more on the website as time goes on. >> how many more women do you expect to interview? >> well, we have done 40 now. we would like to do another 10, another two dozen. we really feel like this is a project that is unique and is something that can add to the larger discussion about women's contributions to politics. >> and yo

certainly from the time that gerald ford entered congress, elected to congress in 1948, to the time he passed away in 2006. second of all, as joe mentioned, i have seen a wide variety of material for this. i turned to nearly a dozen other archives, some of them with the assistance of a colleague of mine. alongside government documents, memoirs, magazines, newspapers, journals, secondary works, and at times a good number of interviews with members of congress as well as with steve ford who was wonderful in speaking with me. thirdly, while a lot has been written about president ford, far less has been written about his pre--presidential and post- presidential career. i would like to give some time to his life before and afterward the presidency. is up again, his timing congress,-readers will find that two thirds of it is dedicated to has variety of other roles. readers are going to find references to tv shows, to movies, to books such as the film, the towering inferno, the books the catcher in the rye and the tv programs ozzie and harriet, the simpsons, and yes, of course, saturday night

smock: we study congress.e reached out to people because we believe the congress and constitution need to be understood and a public forum -- in a public forum. we do teacher training. we conduct programs like this, and we do research. we published 18 of-volume study -- we published a two-volume study. looking at all the investigations congress has done over history. we have senator byrd's archives here, and we conducted our own research and invited other scholars to come. one scholar in the audience has written an autobiography of robert c byrd, using our papers extensively. senator byrd and a lot of other senators and members of congress have set up centers like this around the country and did so for the purpose -- congress does for its ownmoney members' papers. you have to find resources to do that. the official records of congress are kept at the national archives, sort of like presidential libraries are kept in various places at part of the national archives, but these centers get at the papers of what th

should congress do not updated. so here's what happens is congress passes a law without change and have a testimony that says there's a vulnerability. there is a vulnerability. there's been a case out of texas through the city of burning case and would've argued his old evidence of behavior say 40-years-old with long sufficient grounds to create a statute. it had to be timely and relevant. this is seized upon by litigants who are challenging coverage of the voting rights act. they decide who and who is not discriminating and who should and should not have the constitutional guarantee to conduct without interfering. it doesn't sound like it is kosher with other presidents. who gets brought down in texas by a utility district called the north austin municipal utility district number one. this little utility district of conduct that in one precinct wanted to be free from oversight by the justice department. they have asked to be bailed out from coverage. there have been a set of counties that presented evidence in fede

certainly from the time gerald ford ned congress, well he was elected into congress in 1948 until the time he passed way in 1986. second of all, i rely on a wide variety of source material for this book. of course the records to the ford library were essential. but i turned as well to nearly a dozen other arvive kiefbchives. government documents, memories, magazines, journals, secondary works. and again at times with dr. waters, a good number of interviews with members of congress as well as with steve ford, who was wonderful in speaking with me. third lee while a lot has been written about president ford, far less has been written about his pre-presidential and post-presidential career. and i wanted to give more time to his life before the presidency and afterward. his upbringing, his time in congress, his life as an ex-president. and so readers of the book will find about two thirds of it is devoted not for the president but ford, upbringing ford, the congress person ford, the ex-president. and last but not least i think that popular culture can say a lot about the times which peopl

smock: we study congress.e reach out to people because we believe that the congress and the constitution need to be understood in a public forum. so we do teacher training. we conduct programs like this for the public, and we do research. we published a two-volume study of congressional investigations going back to the very first one in 1792 and bringing it up to the time when the book was done to the most current one in 2007 with the hurricane katrina investigation, looking at all the investigations congress has done over history. we have senator byrd's archive here, and we conduct our own research, and we invite other scholars to come. one scholar in the audience is working on a autobiography of robert c. byrd, using our papers extensively. senator byrd and a lot of other senators and other members of congress have set up centers like this around the country and did so for the purpose -- congress does not provide money for its own members' papers. you have to find resources to do that. the official records o

to congress and offered to congress as an administration proposal, in which case congress would say we have to reassess the whole thing. there'd be a lot of negative sentiment because many of the members, many senators have already said publicly they don't want to proceed without canada, and thad t that wouhat would bed flag if it turns out to be pivotal what they can get the canadians to agree to today that canada is onboard, considering it, in principle agrees, i'm sure they're trying to work out some artful a artful language thal that will aab enable the administration to go forward with congress. >> with the dow now down only 45 points >> we have more on trade eamon has promised to stay close and he's been working the phones >> our cnbc team is now hearing from an official with this ongoing negotiation that the two sides have agreed to continue negotiating next week. this coming to us from a canadian official. so we're now being told talks will continue into next week per this official. this is bit of a moving target here remember the friday deadline was about getting this done

cathy mcmorris rodgers helps lead the republican caucus in congress. at this private fund-raiser for congresswoman morris rodgers last week, congressman nunes spelled out in quite blunt terms how he sees his role in the russian investigation and how he sees the responsibility of all in congress as to the russian investigation and specifically why he sees it so important they keep the majority to keep control of congress in the elections this fall. this is the last clip here, one more piece of tape from this fund-raiser. here we go. >> so therein lies, so it's like your classic catch-22 situation, where we were at a -- this puts us in such a tough spot. if sessions won't unrecuse, mueller won't clear the president, we're the only ones, which is really the danger. that's why i keep -- thank you for saying that, by the way -- we have to keep all these, we have to keep the majority. we do not keep the majority, all of this goes away. >> we're the only one, that's the danger. put up the transcript of that again. thank you. if sessions won't unrecuse and mue

i don't think that congress intended for the spouses of h1b's to work. if you look at -- if congress, when it touched this issue gave spousal employment to the spouses of intertransferees and the spouses of treating visa workers, 214-6 and others, congress spoke, they said those two categories of people they should get-- they didn't talk about h1b's. >> which didn't. >> no. and i-- this is just me, but i think that is an important reason why we should propose rescinding it. there are other policy reasons which will be adduced when you see the regulation, but to me, that's a big one and, you know, again, first and foremost, the law, the law. we may not like the law, but it is the law and it's-- the law reflects the will of congress and that's paramount and that's what we strive to do. >> well, thank you. i want to be respectful of everyone's time. thank you all again for joining us and thank you, director cissna, for all of your efforts on behalf of the integrity of our immigration system and making it work. thank you for joining us. >> the u.s. senate is

we call 30 members of congress.e question, have you ever met with a lobbyist representing the chinese government, a chinese or those promoting chinese interests? everyone refused to answer. the outrageous thing is there is no requirement for them to answer. or to be transparent there your representatives paid with your money. yet there is zero requirement for them to disclose what lobbyist their meeting for. here's what they do have to disclose. the personal income, campaign donations, travel expenses, legal expenses, gifts, staff salaries and office expenditures. the required to put down how many coffee cups they buy but not the lobbyists they meet with who are pushing the interest of a hostile form power that steals our technology, spies, names their dictator president for life and has an aim of world domination. china is the number one enemy of the united states. it's outrageous we allow them to undermine our democracy by infiltrating the swamp and manipulating our leaders. we will keep exposing them until someon

>> when i came to congress with the realization as a black woman to fight hard and when i came to congress and i had that attitude before i came. if i were to achieve i had to put extra effort in. i could not take the first response as the response. whether i liked it or not the realization of my development has told me that if i am going to get from here to here i cannot let your resistance or your attitude toward me be my determinant. i came with that but congress did not make that. also the culture and the time in which i grew up in. those who achieve had to achieve in spite of resistance. in some cases because of the resistance or whatever you want to call it and also as i indicated earlier, my mother instilled that in may. my father and mother. they sacrificed. i had one brother. they were determined that we were going. there wasn't a question. they said that you need to do well. i wasn't a student but i did do well. >> you came to congress so they must have been proud pick >> my mother was not living when i came but when i was elected to the county commissioner she was very proud of

but congress didn't make that. clayton.st eva and also for culture and the era up in, thatrew those of us who achieve knew we to achieve in spite of resistance. uh-huh. cases, because of the resistance. okay? whatever you want to call it. so... also, as i indicated earlier, my mother instilled me. in yes. father and mother, they sacrificed for us. i had one brother. they were determined that we were going to college. there was no question. said, i don't want to waste our money and you need to do it. i wasn't an a student by any means, but i did do well. came to congress, so that must have made them very proud. she wasn't living when i came, but when i was elected county commissioner, she was. and she was very proud, you know. yes.as very proud of that, interestingly, as you mature, you begin to realize that there's some reflection of your parents did. early in the school i went to, my age, and also segregation, we didn't have a lunchroom. i think kids carried food from home or wherever. but my mother became the pta

goes away without another act of congress. were he to do that, just heads up, because you'll be tempted by the hysteria that will ensue to write something about tariffs will zoom back into place. since nafta was negotiated, the w.t.a. tariff cuts have gone into effect. so almost all of our manufacturing is duty free with very few exceptions. like trucks have a real tariff coming into the u.s., 25%. but mostly it's zero, it's really small. cars have 2.5%. agriculture is the nafta story if he withdraws. so just stick a pin in that if you have to cover it, for instance reporting for an ag state. agriculture, not all of it. corn will still be duty free. big myth. mexico's duty free for the world on corn. it happened at the w.t.o. a decade ago. but beef and pork, chicken, dairy, those are the things, if you are covering a nafta blowup, those are the things where it would make a difference. however, what is in nafta is all of these other rules. all of the agreements have a clause like this one at the bottom, which is countries shall

congress is a lot younger now. whep you get that, most people will do the same thing because they want their wife to have a support system at home with family and friends or whatever and not be alone.have a support with family and friends or whatever and not be alone.they support system at home with family and friends or whatever and not be alone. it's always been a dilemma for everybody because if you move your families here, on the weekend, you go home. if you're doing your job right to take care of your district. if your at home, your family is home on weekends, it's also you go home and work but at least you can see them and be with them. because of no air-conditionstay they left us for the summer or whatever, it was totally different. they did establish those relationships. the women got to know one another and the men would work together. their kids would go to school, play ball together. there was a comra camaraderie t. if you know somebody, it's hard to get up on the floor and call them a you know what bask

the same thing goes for congress. you know, same thing, same basic principles in life regardless what you do. even in politics, family, or corporate america, that you have to find a way. you find a way to make progress by understanding that you don't do anything by yourself. you make progress indeed if you find the ability to get the strength of each of us. and i think women have that ability to make the case for that. and i think women respond to women, too, whether you are republican or democrat. and they are the matriarch in us suggests that. >> is there anything else that you wanted to add? that's all we have for our questions. >> i'm going to end the sermon on that. i felt like i was preaching, but i apologize for that. but, anyhow, i have great loep for th hope for this institution, so i want them to come to their senses and to be the great institution they are designed to be. and i think women can be part of that bringing that sensitivity and that potential. >> well, we thank you for spending time was. this has

certainly from the time that gerald ford entered congress, well, he was elected to congress in 1948, to the time he passed away in 2006. second of all, as joe westfall mentioned, i relied on a wide variety of source material for thissing into. of course, the records of the ford library were essential, but i turned as well to nearly a dozen other archives, some with the asis stance of a colleague of mine, dr. alyssa waters, alongside government documents, memoirs, magazines, newspapers, journals, secondary works, and again, at times, dr. waters, a good number of interviews with members of congress as well as with steve ford, who is wonderful in speaking with me. thirdly, while a lot has been written about president ford, far less has been written about his pre-presidential and post-presidential career. and i wanted to give more time to his life before the presidency and afterward. his upbringing, his time in congress, his life as an ex-president. so readers in the book will find that about two-thirds of it is devoted, not for the president, but for ford the upbringing president and th

goes way without another act of congress. were he to do that come just said that because you'll be tempted by the story that will pursue to write something about jets will zoom back into place. since nafta was negotiated the wto tariff cuts have gone into effect. so almost all of our manufacturing is duty-free with a very few exceptions like trucks have real tariff cutting interviews. 25%. mostly you are really small cars have to .5%. agriculture is the nafta story if you withdraws. so just stick opinion that if you have to cover it, reporting for an agricultural state, agriculture all of it, no one will still be duty-free. big myth. mexico is duty-free for the world on corporate happen at the wto a decade ago but the and im, chicken, gary, of the things that are covering a nafta below those of the things we would make a difference. however, what is in nafta is all of these are the rules. so all of the agreements have claws like this one at the bottom which is that countries shall ensure the conformity of its laws regulations

>> it was the centennial election rank in the first woman serving in congress. she was elected in november 1960 and seated the house on april 2, 1917, when the house was called into a special session it was a momentous time. >> that was the impetus. how did you decide you wanted to interview former congresswoman? >> we thought that would be the best way to look at the changing role and evolution of the role of women in congress. we have had early program since 2004. we have learned so many things through these oral histories. we thought what better way to learn about women the women who have served. we have also interviewed that as well. some of the stories we have learned, and the experiences these women have had, have been wonderful to learn more about. >> today we have done about 40 interviews, 30 of which are published on our website, and roughly 20 or 25 are with former members. it is a unique snapshot. the span of service goes back to the mid-1960s, and all the way up through the 2010s. >> in terms of the background, what kind of a range of backgrounds to

congress. republicans and democrats. it does make it a lot easier to collaborate once you get that personal time. i also think when members had their families here, when our wives or our husbands or our friends, when our kids are at the same school, right? that sort of makes it a lot it's -- makes it a little harder to demonize the debate. and so i looked over, and it was robert gibbs. and i was, like, no more picking on robert gibbs. you had those moments when you are on the trip, right? there are times when you all cried together, or you have a real serious conversation about where you are going to be sending those u.s. troops. those are things that allow you to come back and trust each other with a debate. and again if i'm having that moment with you overseas or in a war zone, i'm going to disagree with you but i'm going to disagree with you respectfully. so i think those trips were very, very important. not the least of which is to bear witness to what goes on in the world, and to bring it back. there are people that