it's up to congress to authorize and it's up to congress to appropriate. that does not change under loper. what does change is how the courts will review administrative actions taken by an agency. judges will decide the best reading of an ambiguous reading text, and if an agency fails to apply that judge's best reading in its rule making, the judge will likely invalidate the rule. this is a massive shift of power from agency experts to subjective, unelected judges who may or may not have any sort of knowledge base on the topic at hand. sweeping policy implications will rest solely on which judge hears the case. corporate interests that can afford high powered, well-connected attorneys will challenge agency actions that don't boost their self-interests and will likely win under this new loper scheme that promotes the cronyism that federalist society exists to preserve. for profit colleges and pharmaceutical companies will march their attorneys into our federal courts and challenge any federal va rule that does not bolster their bottom line. our legislative

i thought members of congress would nominate the librarian of congress. dr.ayden: i believe that started with lincoln and it would be a position that the president would nominate a supreme court justice and that type of position. you still have to be confirmed by the senate and went through that process. david: you interviewed with president obama and he said do you want to be librarian of congress and i guess you said you were interested. dr. hayden: i was concerned about what i could bring to the position because i had been so involved with public libraries, public access, all of that, but i never thought of actually being part of the library of congress because what the perception was, that it was mainly for scholars. what president obama asked me was, he started out telling me that he had seen the contents of abraham lincoln's pockets the night he was assassinated. he had seen the copy of gettysburg address at the library of congress. he said i think that's because of my position. he said what could you do with your background to open up the library of co

of congress. i sat down with her recently to hear about how she's trying to open up the library of congress to all americans. why does congress need a library? can't they use the regular library people have? why do they need their own? dr. hayden: congress, think about this, in 1800, a new nation, a new legislative body, there was the thought they needed some reference books and they were mainly law books, the first books purchased, about 600 books, and that's how the library of congress started. think of the name, the library of congress. it is a reference and research tool for congress, and they knew that. they have parliamentary libraries and they knew about those types of things. they knew as legislators, they might have to refer. david: now in 2024, the library of congress is much bigger than it was when it was first started in 1800, but is it properly named the library of congress now? it isn't more than just a library for congressmen and women? dr. hayden: it has evolved. and over time, it

we all come to congress with our own priorities. reviolate liesing -- revitalizing manufacturing was one of mine. we are always learning something new for the people we work for, from our constituents. and i am very grateful to advocates in our district who first educated me and that is the p fast. most -- pfas. most americans understand the danger. but back then when we first got started, most members couldn't spell pfas. so i first heard from constituents by casting kathy and tony about the water quality issues in escota and urging faster cleanup surrounding the work smith air force base and i established with brian fitzpatrick, the first congressional pfas task force which broke democrats and republicans to more urgently address a real public health threat and to ensure that those exposed, especially our servicemembers have access to the health care they deserve. and timely, after years of advocacy, we have made progress. this year, the pieden administration announced the first drinking water standard for pfas and certain chemica

congress. most of all, i'm grateful to my lord and savior jesus christ who has lovingly drawn me closer to him over the past 20 years. he has spoken to me about his mercies that are new each morning and poured out his grace on me and my family. as as i leave congress, i urge all of us to look for ways to accommodate more grace and forgiveness in this world and serve others. we hope for a time of healing. alex said it so well america is great because america is good. and if america ever ceases to be good, america will cease to be great. i've served with so many good people and had the privilege of representing the good people of washington and for that i'm grateful. i say thank you, may god bless you and may god continue to bless the united states of america. i yieldyield back. >> congresswoman cathy mcmorris rodgers, you have served in congress for 10 terms. you are retiring after 20 years here. can you sum up how you are feeling? rep. mcmorris rodgers: it has just been an amazing journey. my h

not just about congress. which according to recent polling is less popular than head lies, colonoscopies and the rock band nickel back. a minority of americans no longer interview institutions of higher education as forces for good. fewer and fewer americans have faith in public schools. less one in five have faith in newspapers and the news media in general. faith in business is at the lowest point it's been since gallup posed that question. even organized religion. you know we are in trouble when we are losing faith in faith. what does it mean for us? it means all of us, we, all of us, need to be better stewards, each of us needs to be a loving critic of our community, of the organizations, and institutions about which we care. for me it's meant trying to make congress together. that's why i became chair the modernization of congress. we showed congress could do things better when folks check their partisan agendas at the door. the democrats and republicans on that committee were loving critics of congress.

all it does is simply allow congress to do -- allow congress to do what it can in one bill instead of hundreds. doing so will allow congress to keep up with the rapid pace of midnight rules, reining in the federal bureaucracy at a time when it is historically its most aggressive. with that, i urge my colleagues to support the rule and underlying bill and i will reserve the balance of my time. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman reserves. the gentleman from massachusetts is recognized. mr. mcgovern: thank you, mr. speaker. before i begin, i want to take a moment to recognize my colleague, chairman michael burgess. first, i want to let him know that he and his family will remain in our prayers during the difficult time he's now dealing with and we all will keep your daughter in our prayers as well. and as he also mentioned in his opening remarks that this is the last time that he will be managing a rule on the house floor before his retirement. and while it's no secret that congressman burgess and i have rarely agreed on issues before us, we probably can't even agree on what to have

they said as to congress, congress is not an agency. and yet to protect communications between agencies and congress the courts have said, well, we don't think congress intended to give up control. they created this control test. once again it's not in the statute, but a judicial reaction to a concern that they need to protect something that otherwise shouldn't be out in the public. i saw this control test abused in my view when i filed multiple lawsuits to get secret service visitor logs. so these are records that the secret service, an agency, creates doing one of its core function, protecting the president. and yet even though these are records the secret service creates, performing its statutory responsibility, that are stored on agency computers, the court said, well, the white house when it gave them information about its visitors did not intend to give up control. and therefore these are not agency records. so again, i don't think you can reconcile these holdings with the language of the statute. the problem is not that congress

even after congress. sometimes you think the opportunities are right now, but there are going to be opportunities after congress to influence and make a difference for people in your community and beyond. >> what would you say kept you here for 20 years and allowed you to approach the job and balance your life at home and your responsibilities here? what has been one of the factors that has helped you do all that? rep. mcmorris rodgers: certainly i have had an amazingly supportive husband. brian, we got married in my second term. then having three kids, he has carried the load at home. he is retired from the navy and has often said that being home with three kids day in and day out is harder than anything he did in the navy. so his support has made a huge difference. also, my faith is very important to me. and i am grateful. after 20 years, i have actually grown stronger in my faith. spending more time in prayer and really seeking what god would have for me each day has played a very important role in kee

and every member of congress, i encourage all members of congress to subscribe to and remember this quote from henry ford. coming together is a beginning. staying together is progress. but working together is success. the issues our nations face today are not republican or democrat issues. they are people issues. one issue i repeatedly highlighted due to my time here has been our national debt and the broken way in which congress both democrats and republicans continue to support reckless spending, spending the people's money irresponsibly has created a $36 trillion national debt which grows by $1 trillion every 100 days. a $1 trillion national debt equates to $107,594 per person. $493,233 per child. quite frankly, it's an embarrassment and needs to stop. i pray the president and the 119th congress will seriously focus on the budget crisis. and make the right decisions to remove this heavy burden off the backs of hard-working people of this great nation and the backs of our children. and i thank my friends on the committee for sounding the alarm and for the efforts to help right this ship

you had to run for state senate or the congress, and i took congress. kind of -- >> 26 years in washington. what are you most proud of? rep. napolitano: represent my district. under the best that i can. >> and what legislation would you point to as your legacy? rep. napolitano: water replenishment. the transportation bill in california. then the authorization, and working on the challenge. >> talk to me about your district and the people you have are presented over the years. rep. napolitano: very engaged. the councilmembers -- we should not read here about it. i asked them what the priorities are for them. >> how would you describe them? rep. napolitano: they are very fine people. they are a mixture. but they are all in tune with what the needs of the district are, not themselves. and they do very well for it. >> if you go to the district, what would you point to as initiatives or money that you have brought back to the district because of your time here and your seniority in washington? rep. napolitano: listen to the last three years. they got their p

there's no cutional interest here and congress did not speak to it and what does congress' silence tell us what it intendecte cause of action that it was created? lauren: cases like grogan and herman and mcclain is ilstrative, our view of methodology is the accurate one and in those ses the court took a balancing analysis and didn't say a preponderance of evidence was where to b determined after weighing the preponderance of evides the relative standard. stice jackson: did ido it in the court's own view or was it trying to ain how congress viewed those interests? uren: the structure of the case is relevant to how manages these factualuestions. lauren: the courts will answer these questions with principles that have emerg fm other cases and itmbies a default rule in a weak since when there's a statutory lacuna, the questions are reserved for the courts andn civil litigation it tends to be decided by a preponderance of the evidence unless theeans the courts have developed for exercising a more stringent standardly. the question here is whether ose reasons are present. justice kagan: are t

of the 118 congress steven horsford. we really want to thank you so much for your commitment and your tenacity and your strength and over all your up lifting our community. we are so, so thankful and grateful to you. thank you for all for all the great foundation you have left for us. my childhood started in illinois and the heart of the civil rights movement. i'm a civil rights baby. person only black dentists. most of the naacp at our household it was expected from that time that we began to walk that we would be marching as well. i have been fortunate to be a mother of the movement and supported by fellow survivors as an advocate after my son was killed my man who did not like the loud music the teenagers were playing in their car. i came to congress and i have served georgia for six years now after they said that a black woman could not win by telling her story and fighting for gun safety in ruby red georgia. the congressional black caucus has been at the center of the historic progress to protect our communities. th

there's only one united states congress. it's not like there was a better one down the street that i could have run. this is the one we have. and you know, for a kid who grew up, you know, moved by bobby kennedy in 1968, for example, and following my uncle, to be able to work at this level, it's a pretty special thing. and you know it's i'd be fooling myself if i didn't acknowledge that. i'll miss that part, too. what will you not miss? i won't miss being away from my family. i won't miss having to get on an airplane twice a week. you know that i won't miss. and then, frankly, this isn't the congress that i was elected to. and it's certainly not the congress that i watched for the 36 years that i was a front row observer to my uncles. service here. i won't miss so much of the anger. and it's kind of it seems like two different things going on at once. i have real friends that i will miss. there are a lot of people here who have abused the legacy of this legislation to a point where it's become an angry place. it's not hard t

congress in very good hands. public service is about making a difference, it's about putting others first and leaving things better than you found them. as i leave this chamber, i do so with a full heart and hope for the future. there's a lot of work i still want to do and i plan to continue in public service. north carolina's working families deserve elected leaders who will serve their best interests, not the interests of special interests or the interests of donald trump. i'm not giving up in that fight. thank you, mr. speaker. may god bless the united states of america. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the chair recognizes the gentleman n from new york, mr. langworthy, for five minutes. mr. langworthy: mr. speaker, i rise today to celebrate a true buffalo legend. don. for nearly five decades, don has been a trusted voice in a con -- and a constant presence in the lives of western new yorkers. guiding us through the news that shapes our communities. don's journey began in 1976, and since then he's been a

congress proposed its own amendment. congress has done nothing on this other than talk. >> it is a constitutional travesty. i cannot shake it we had the requisite number and we failed to act. now we are so far worse without that intervention. i've got 30 seconds. my colleagues and i have a healthy debate about balance a budget fiscal commissions and some would say that is our job ultimately it's about our will collectively to do these things. whether bipartisan reconciliation, we never do it. it is our job. no other mechanism is going to save us from this, not from ourselves so to speak. of time, quick amount give me a quick response to that. whyse would you not just give up on all of this and get back to putting pressure on members of congress and educate the public to put pressure on congress? >> i think congress suffers from a lack of mutual understanding of what is at the source of our country's fiscal problem. i think that is where we need to start to send the same message we understand as a spending driven debt cri

i should say next congress. with that, we now ask glenn from wisconsin to give us his remarks for five-minutes. >> revenue, we could call it taxes. in any event, in the last six years, we talk about these tax cuts being a problem. what has happened to revenues in real terms in the last, say, five, six years? >> revenues have increased. >> how much? >> i think one of the things we have to do is focus on what the right metrics are. things are going to go up in nominal terms because of inflation. >> that is why i asked in real terms. >> real is after inflation so i'm not sure they have gone up after inflation. the bottom line is this -- i think if we focus as a percentage of gdp, revenues as a percentage of gdp, spending as a percentage of gdp, debt as a percentage of gdp, that is a metric that provides a fuller and fairer view of where we are and where we are headed. the truth is right now, debt to gdp is too high. it is getting ready to go a lot higher. secondly, we are taxing at about the same level of gdp at po

congress didn't give that to me. so congress can't take that away when i leave. let's be clear. it has been the honor of my life to be your congresswoman in missouri's first district. mom and dad, i know you're proud. so from st. louis and gaza and everywhere beyond and in between, always remember, this congresswoman loves you and will always have your back even if it means i lose something. so until we rise again, st. louis, i love you. ...

congress. the purpose of congress also looks of it will different in light of the constitution's emphasis on unity. congress is really at the center of the constitutional system for good and bad. in a republican government the legislative authority necessarily predominates. republican government is representative government. although the presidency, and to some extent the courts are also accountable to the people, it is only congress that is designed to be representative of them. congress is of course the absolutely essential institution in the constitution's vision of unity. by representing our plurality, our national legislature can allow for negotiations among the key factions that compose that plurality. this is first and foremost a way in which the constitution envisions americans acting together even when we don't think alike, by negotiating broadly acceptable courses of action. in some ways that is the essence of our national politics, the primary way in which the constitution seeks to a

in congress i got to work. as a member of the ways and means committee i replaced nafta with a better deal for workers. under a democratic congress we passed new laws like the chips and signs act, the inflation reduction act, the bipartisan infrastructure law to incentivize us to make things in america. those policies strengthen our manufacturing and u.s. supply chain. the important aspect is it has grown our economy. these laws have worked. we have seen major companies expand and invest like hemlock semi conductor. these companies are hiring hundreds of workers to produce american-made semiconductors, advanced manufacturing chips, to help ensure that america leads the way in manufacturing in the 21st century. to lower costs for families, i got to work, passing new laws to put more money in the pockets of hard-working michiganders. we offered the electric vehicle tax credit. we expanded the child tax credit to lower costs. i consider the refundable child tax credit to be perhaps the best vote i have cast in my

i want when a new congress sets up the rules, i want the old congress to set up the rules before they know who's actually going to be in charge. i think that there are opportune cities for us to have a more humane schedule. i would put my foot down in terms of people in i don't know how you do this by rules, but have people who are hired just to be political flacks and not do actual policy work. but part of that can come from the top. having legislative leadership in both parties taking a firmer line about performance and individual members of congress not supporting people for leadership positions who are not providing the leadership that we think need to happen. and easy for, you know, a geezer who's got one foot out the door to pontificate because i know this is hard and i know the politics are serious and the stakes are high, particularly in a time of trump. but i think. i think there's more we could do to humanize it. and i think there is more work that rank and file members can do to enforce norms that are more civilized with such razor thin majorities and the quest for power by

congress has a bipartisan agreement. they should move forward. republicans should not get in the way. should choose the american people first. not republicans -- not republican or billionaire friends. that's something we have said many times from here that that was a prior fir this president. certainly we wan to continue to implement the key priorities of the president has had, meaning bipartisan infrastructure legislation, the chips and science act, we want to make sure those investments, that continues, and we want to accept on that. we talked about continuing to lower costs as it relates to prescription drugs, but lowering costs more broadly certainly for the american people. that's our focus. that's what we've been doing. and we're going to continue, certainly, to do that. reporter: we can expect more announcements on some of those fronts in the next few weeks? karine: i would say stay tuned. we are trying to truly, truly run through the tape here and get as much done as we can for the american people. we know the american people want us to c

and every member of congress, i encourage all members of congress to subscribe to and remember this quote from henry ford. coming together is a beginning. staying together is progress. but working together is success. the issues our nations face today are not republican or democrat issues. they are people issues. one issue i repeatedly highlighted due to my time here has been our national debt and the broken way in which congress both democrats and republicans continue to support reckless spending, spending the people's money irresponsibly has created a $36 trillion national debt which grows by $1 trillion every 100 days. a $1 trillion national debt equates to $107,594 per person. $493,233 per child. quite frankly, it's an embarrassment and needs to stop. i pray the president and the 119th congress will seriously focus on the budget crisis. and make the right decisions to remove this heavy burden off the backs of hard-working people of this great nation and the backs of our children. and i thank my friends on the committee for sounding the alarm and for the efforts to help right this ship

congress. but i do think that it matters that the declaration is in the u.s. code. i think it matters that we have taken the action as a people of treating it as a kind of law. and the declaration really is the animating spirit of american life. it's an extraordinary thing and we should not take it for granted. it sets us apart in a way we should take seriously, which we have not always done in america. >> i am curious about your idea of american federalism as two parallel governments and not overlapping governments. going back to the earlier question, how does that work with this construction of a "we," where in some ways there are two political communities. if you take community to be the people under an institution or under a set of laws. in american federalism, that means in some ways there would be two political communities, the national and state political community. i am skeptical whether you can really be a part of these two without giving several of c2 one over the other. i don't know

committee on modernization of congress. what they proposed, some of it's been implemented, but not nearly enough. they've proposed some changes that would encourage bipartisanship, that would actually right into the rules mechanisms where democrats, republicans won't come when they come together can be assured that compromise legislation would get the chance to be heard on the floor of the house and get a yes or no vote. those sorts of things would, i think, make a change. because the functional majority of the congress is bipartisan. yeah. you really think with only a few exceptions of the 12 years that i've been here, there have only been for two is a total republican control to a total democratic control. other than those periods. everything that got done, everything that became law, was by definition, bipartisan. and the functional majority is made up of democrats and republicans and some mixture. but we still have a system here that operates as if that fact isn't, in fact, not true. i mean, we're dealing with it right

. >> c-span celebrates 45 years of covering congress like no other. since 1979, we've been your primary source for capitol hill, providing balanced, unfiltered coverage of government. taking you where the policies are debated and decided, all with the support of america's cable companies, c-span, 45 years and counting, powered by cable. >> more on the government funding deadline with karine jean-pierre and spoke with reporters where things stand at today's white house briefing. karine: good afternoon. the president will travel to italy and meet with the pope and the prime minister of italy, maloney. he'll speak with the pope in efforts to advance peace around the world and during his meeting with italian leaders will highlight the strength of the u.s.-italy leadership and thank prime minister maloney of the g-7 and we will provide more information in the days to come. next, earlier this week, as you saw, the u.s. development corporation announced a $1 billion financial initiative to support conservation of the ecuadorian amazon. this is a result of th

because of congress.gress is trying to give themselves a raise to keep up with the cost of living that they caused because they spent so much. elon musk says the bill is criminal, and anyone who votes for it should be voted out of office. and he has the money to make that happen. elon blew the bill up all day. he and vivek were all over it and it lit a fire under the politicians. >> this is a (bleep) sandwich. we're forced into this position. >> the swamp's going to swamp, right? do something different since the majority again? we're adding 300 and i think 30 billion in literally totally unpaid for additional deficit spending since november 5th in, 45 days. i don't see how that's doing what we're supposed to be doing. we're fundamentally unserious about spending. if you have a blank check, the can't shrink government and live free. >> jesse: the speaker of the house mike johnson says he has no choice. >> elon, vivek, and i are on a text chain and i was explaining the background and vivek and i talked last

the original act, congress did speak to a standard of proof for minimum wages, and congress provided for preponderance of the evidence standard for e administrator of the wageand hour division to exceptcertain categories. so we think the government is correct th is some indicaon that congress thought a preponderance of e evidence standard. but the more basic presumption iswhen you look at all these statutes, disability, title seven, there's plenty of cas in the labor context, all those arguments could be made and the epderance standard has always governed. >> how do we apply the particularly important indidu interest in thinking about the cas at have had a igened standard? they seem to distinguiscases involving mere money. when it's minimum wage, it's not mere money in the same way, how are we pposed to make those value judgments? are you saying we should they have expand the category of where we have done clear and convincing, e addington category, or are you saying that this is fferent in kind from the addington category where we have -- >> just to beclear, there's only two ways ge